TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Gian Claudia Sciara A2 - Lisa Loftus-Otway A2 - Timothy McCarthy TI - Tax Increment Financing for Transit Projects DO - 10.17226/25985 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25985/tax-increment-financing-for-transit-projects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Tax Increment Financing (TIF) is a public financing method that some local governments and transportation agencies may use to capture a portion of additional property (or sales) tax revenues that result when public investments cause property values (or total sales revenues) to increase. TIF is an increasingly important source of funds for transportation projects, and it has the potential to be a key part of project financing.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program'sTCRP Legal Research Digest 55: Tax Increment Financing for Transit Projects examines whether and under what circumstances TIF might be used to fund transit operations and maintenance, as well as the challenges that such arrangements might face.The digest includes case studies of Miami-Dade County, Chicago, Prince Georges County in Maryland, and more. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Effective Methods for Environmental Justice Assessment DO - 10.17226/13694 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13694/effective-methods-for-environmental-justice-assessment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 532: Effective Methods for Environmental Justice Assessment is designed to enhance understanding and to facilitate consideration and incorporation of environmental justice into all elements of the transportation planning process, from long-range transportation systems planning through priority programming, project development, and policy decisions. The report offers practitioners an analytical framework to facilitate comprehensive assessments of a proposed transportation project’s impacts on affected populations and communities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Effects of Aircraft Noise: Research Update on Select Topics DO - 10.17226/14177 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14177/effects-of-aircraft-noise-research-update-on-select-topics PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 9: Effects of Aircraft Noise: Research Update on Select Topics includes an annotated bibliography and summary of new research on the effects of aircraft noise. The report is designed to update and complement the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration’s 1985 Aviation Noise Effects report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Alexandra Beatty TI - State Assessment Systems: Exploring Best Practices and Innovations: Summary of Two Workshops SN - DO - 10.17226/13013 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13013/state-assessment-systems-exploring-best-practices-and-innovations-summary-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Educators and policy makers in the United States have relied on tests to measure educational progress for more than 150 years, and have used the results for many purposes. They have tried minimum competency testing; portfolios; multiple-choice items, brief and extended constructed-response items; and more. They have contended with concerns about student privacy, test content, and equity--and they have responded to calls for tests to answer many kinds of questions about public education and literacy, international comparisons, accountability, and even property values. State assessment data have been cited as evidence for claims about many achievements of public education, and the tests have also been blamed for significant failings. States are now considering whether to adopt the "common core" academic standards, and are also competing for federal dollars from the Department of Education's Race to the Top initiative. Both of these activities are intended to help make educational standards clearer and more concise and to set higher standards for students. As standards come under new scrutiny, so, too, do the assessments that measure their results. This book summarizes two workshops convened to collect information and perspectives on assessment in order to help state officials and others as they review current assessment practices and consider improvements. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Larry W. Thomas TI - Eminent Domain and Fair Market Value in a Depressed Real Estate Market DO - 10.17226/22253 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22253/eminent-domain-and-fair-market-value-in-a-depressed-real-estate-market PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Legal Research Digest 62: Eminent Domain and Fair Market Value in a Depressed Real Estate Market considers whether other approaches to valuation are alternatives to the comparable sales approach that may result in a higher valuation for deciding just compensation. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Consolidated Index of Selected Property Values: Physical Chemistry and Thermodynamics DO - 10.17226/20242 PY - 1962 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20242/consolidated-index-of-selected-property-values-physical-chemistry-and-thermodynamics PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Biology and Life Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Bruce D. McDowell A2 - Andrew C. Lemer TI - Uses of Risk Analysis to Achieve Balanced Safety in Building Design and Operations SN - DO - 10.17226/1907 PY - 1991 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1907/uses-of-risk-analysis-to-achieve-balanced-safety-in-building-design-and-operations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - This volume considers engineering risk analysis applications to the field of building safety. Building codes and design criteria used by architects and engineers—standards of good practice defined by industry consensus—have made great strides in bringing the dangers of facilities under control, but the range of hazards (e.g., fire, indoor air pollutants, electrical malfunctions) is broad. Risk analysis offers improved overall safety of new and existing facilities without imposing unacceptable costs. Broad application of risk analysis will help facility professionals, policymakers, and facility users and owners to understand the risks, to determine what levels of risk are socially and economically tolerable, and to manage risk more effectively. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Economic Development Research Group, Inc. TI - Interactions Between Transportation Capacity, Economic Systems, and Land Use DO - 10.17226/22085 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22085/interactions-between-transportation-capacity-economic-systems-and-land-use PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-C03-RR-1: Interactions Between Transportation Capacity, Economic Systems, and Land Use provides information on the development of a large database of case studies and a web-based T-PICS (Transportation Project Impact Case Studies) tool that allow for more rapid assessment of the long-term economic impacts of highway capacity projects.SHRP 2 Report S2-C03-RR-1 and the accompanying T-PICS web-based tool are intended to serve as a resource for transportation planners and others who are interested in better understanding the long-term economic impacts of highway capacity projects. The T-PICS web-based tool provides transportation planners with a way to search for relevant case studies by type of project and setting. The case studies include details of the projects, their impacts, and factors affecting the impacts. The web tool also provides users with an option to specify the type of proposed project and see the range of likely impacts based on the studies.SHRP 2 Capacity Project C03 also developed three additional related materials: a data dictionary, a users guide, and performance metrics.SHRP 2 Report S2-C03-RR-1 includes an explanation of how the case studies were selected and developed, an introduction to T-PICS, and a meta-analysis of the key relationships among factors such as project type, traffic volume, project location, and nontransportation policies aimed at fostering economic development.An e-book version of this report is available for purchase at Google, iTunes, and Amazon.Errata: Figure 4.3 (p. 23) was cut off along the right edge and did not display all of the information in the bar graph. The figure has been corrected in the electronic version of the report.Disclaimer: This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - How to Measure and Communicate the Value of Access Management DO - 10.17226/27017 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27017/how-to-measure-and-communicate-the-value-of-access-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - The benefits of access management are many. They include improved safety, reduced delay, better multimodal quality of service, and enhanced livability. These benefits can translate into economic value for transportation agencies and the public. The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1032: How to Measure and Communicate the Value of Access Management contains a guide for practitioners on use of an online Access Management CommunicationToolkit (AMC Toolkit) and is designed to help public agency staff and their consultants more easily understand, measure, and communicate the value of access management techniques when developing or implementing access management plans, programs, or projects. Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 339: Developing a Toolkit to Measure and Communicate the Value of Access Management, a Technical Memorandum Implementation Plan, a PowerPoint Presentation about the research, videos about the project and Toolkit, and a training guide for using the Toolkit. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Roger Kilgore A2 - Alan Leak A2 - Paul Hummel A2 - Paul Duda A2 - Michael Barzaghi A2 - Maura Flight A2 - Megan Sheahan A2 - Christopher Lewis A2 - Brent Boehlert A2 - Blake Meinecke A2 - Lee Cook A2 - Ted Cleveland A2 - David Sample TI - Watershed Approach to Mitigating Hydrologic Impacts of Transportation Projects: Guide DO - 10.17226/26762 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26762/watershed-approach-to-mitigating-hydrologic-impacts-of-transportation-projects-guide PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - State departments of transportation are facing increasingly stringent requirements for treating not only the quality but also the quantity of stormwater runoff. The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1011: Watershed Approach to Mitigating Hydrologic Impacts of Transportation Projects: Guide describes a watershed-level approach to identify strategies and techniques that can mitigate hydrologic impacts of transportation projects. Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 333: Watershed Approach to Mitigating Hydrologic Impacts of Transportation Projects: Conduct of Research Report, a spreadsheet tool for applying the approach, a presentation summarizing the project, and a memorandum on implementing the research. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Roger Kilgore A2 - Alan Leak A2 - Paul Hummel A2 - Paul Duda A2 - Michael Barzaghi A2 - Maura Flight A2 - Megan Sheahan A2 - Christopher Lewis A2 - Brent Boehlert A2 - Blake Meinecke A2 - Lee Cook A2 - Ted Cleveland A2 - David Sample TI - Watershed Approach to Mitigating Hydrologic Impacts of Transportation Projects: Conduct of Research Report DO - 10.17226/26765 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26765/watershed-approach-to-mitigating-hydrologic-impacts-of-transportation-projects-conduct-of-research-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - State departments of transportation (DOTs) face increasingly stringent requirements for stormwater quantity and quality. The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 333: Watershed Approach to Mitigating Hydrologic Impacts of Transportation Projects: Conduct of Research Report describes the development of a watershed-based approach to mitigating hydrologic impacts of transportation projects. The document is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1011: Watershed Approach to Mitigating Hydrologic Impacts of Transportation Projects: Guide. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Affordability of National Flood Insurance Program Premiums: Report 2 SN - DO - 10.17226/21848 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21848/affordability-of-national-flood-insurance-program-premiums-report-2 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - When Congress authorized the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in 1968, it intended for the program to encourage community initiatives in flood risk management, charge insurance premiums consistent with actuarial pricing principles, and encourage the purchase of flood insurance by owners of flood prone properties, in part, by offering affordable premiums. The NFIP has been reauthorized many times since 1968, most recently with the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (BW 2012). In this most recent reauthorization, Congress placed a particular emphasis on setting flood insurance premiums following actuarial pricing principles, which was motivated by a desire to ensure future revenues were adequate to pay claims and administrative expenses. BW 2012 was designed to move the NFIP towards risk-based premiums for all flood insurance policies. The result was to be increased premiums for some policyholders that had been paying less than NFIP risk-based premiums and to possibly increase premiums for all policyholders. Recognition of this possibility and concern for the affordability of flood insurance is reflected in sections of the Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2014 (HFIAA 2014). These sections called on FEMA to propose a draft affordability framework for the NFIP after completing an analysis of the efforts of possible programs for offering "means-tested assistance" to policyholders for whom higher rates may not be affordable. BW 2012 and HFIAA 2014 mandated that FEMA conduct a study, in cooperation with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, which would compare the costs of a program of risk-based rates and means-tested assistance to the current system of subsidized flood insurance rates and federally funded disaster relief for people without coverage. Production of two reports was agreed upon to fulfill this mandate. This second report proposes alternative approaches for a national evaluation of affordability program policy options and includes lessons for the design of a national study from a proof-of-concept pilot study. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Glen Weisbrod A2 - Naomi Stein A2 - Chandler Duncan A2 - Adam Blair TI - Practices for Evaluating the Economic Impacts and Benefits of Transit DO - 10.17226/24768 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24768/practices-for-evaluating-the-economic-impacts-and-benefits-of-transit PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 128: Practices for Evaluating the Economic Impacts and Benefits of Transit provides state-of-the-practice information for transit agencies to help them in incorporating economic benefits and impacts into their decision-making processes, which may lead to more sustainable funding solutions for transit agencies. The report describes the methods used for assessing transit economic impacts and benefits, the types of effects that are covered by these methods, and the ways that agencies are using the information obtained for planning, prioritizing, funding, and stakeholder support. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Relationships Between Streetcars and the Built Environment DO - 10.17226/14422 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14422/relationships-between-streetcars-and-the-built-environment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 86: Relationships Between Streetcars and the Built Environment examines selected, built streetcar and trolley systems to trace their evolution, define significant factors, and identify commonalities among levels of success in impacting the built environment. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Sharada Vadali A2 - Johanna Zmud A2 - Todd Carlson A2 - Karin DeMoors A2 - Rick Rybeck A2 - Steven Fitzroy A2 - Naomi Stein A2 - Mark Sieber TI - Guidebook to Funding Transportation Through Land Value Return and Recycling DO - 10.17226/25110 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25110/guidebook-to-funding-transportation-through-land-value-return-and-recycling PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 873: Guidebook to Funding Transportation Through Land Value Return and Recycling presents guidance on ways to mobilize some portion of property-value increases to fund maintenance and operations as well as investment in the infrastructure. Because local government typically has authority to deal with matters related to land use and land-related revenue-generating mechanisms, access to land value return and recycling—a subset of real estate–based value capture methods—may require enabling legislation or partnering with local agencies. This report includes examples of applications of land value return and recycling as well as model legislation and institutional structures to facilitate the strategy. A PowerPoint presentation assists users of the guide in presenting the concept and methods for using land value return and recycling to a broad audience. Appendix G: NCHRP Project 19-13 Report is available online. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Economic Development Research Group, Inc. A2 - Compass Transportation & Technology, Inc. TI - Economic Impact Case Study Tool for Transit DO - 10.17226/23525 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23525/economic-impact-case-study-tool-for-transit PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 186: Economic Impact Case Study Tool for Transit presents the results of a project aimed at creating the prototype for a searchable, web-based database of public transit investment projects and their associated, transit-driven economic and land development outcomes. This information is intended to inform future planning efforts for transit-related projects, and to support better multi-modal planning.This TCRP project builds upon a database established for highway projects under TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP2) called Transportation Project Impact Case Studies (TPICS). The purpose of TPICS is to provide transportation planners with a consistent base of data on actual, documented economic and land development impacts of completed transit-related investments, along with descriptions of the nature and associated factors of the impact.The report covers the design and development of the case study database and web tool, and includes a set of seven prototype case studies. The web tool and prototype cases can be found at http://transit.tpics.us. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Developing a Toolkit to Measure and Communicate the Value of Access Management DO - 10.17226/27018 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27018/developing-a-toolkit-to-measure-and-communicate-the-value-of-access-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Access management has many benefits, including, but not limited to, improved safety, reduced delay, better multimodal quality of service, and livability. Yet government agencies often find themselves under intense pressure to yield to requests for more (or poorly located) access connections, or to forego a raised median that will preserve or restore roadway safety.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 339: Developing a Toolkit to Measure and Communicate the Value of Access Management is designed to demonstrate and articulate the benefits and costs of access management at the program, corridor, and project levels.The document is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1032: How to Measure and Communicate the Value of Access Management. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Need for a Multipurpose Cadastre DO - 10.17226/10989 PY - 1980 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10989/need-for-a-multipurpose-cadastre PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Destiny N. Thomas A2 - Navjot Heer A2 - Imani Wyatt Mitchell A2 - Alex Karner A2 - Kaylyn Levine A2 - Jonathan Shuster A2 - Kendra Ma TI - Racial Equity, Black America, and Public Transportation, Volume 1: A Review of Economic, Health, and Social Impacts DO - 10.17226/26710 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26710/racial-equity-black-america-and-public-transportation-volume-1-a-review-of-economic-health-and-social-impacts PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - An overall objective of the transit community is to help develop an enhanced and more inclusive approach to public transportation planning and decision making. Public transportation planners have a critical role in addressing and correcting many of the problems caused by a 20th- and 21st-century transportation sector that severely impacted and, in some cases, destroyed Black communities in the building of today’s transportation systems and network.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 236: Racial Equity, Black America, and Public Transportation, Volume 1: A Review of Economic, Health, and Social Impacts reviews the literature and summarizes common practices of the 20th and 21st centuries that had significant economic, health, and social impacts, and the racial gaps that emerged as a result of transportation inequities, deliberate actions, policies, and projects.The objective of Volume 1 is to document the extent of the damage that has been done to Black communities as a result of transportation decisions and actions. Volume 2 will demonstrate a methodology to estimate how much it would cost to redress those damages. Volumes 3 and 4 will provide tools for elected and appointed officials and other stakeholder groups to engage effectively in the arena of transportation policy, planning, and funding at all levels of government. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science SN - DO - 10.17226/10476 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10476/chemical-reference-materials-setting-the-standards-for-ocean-science PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - The accuracy of chemical oceanographic measurements depends on calibration against reference materials to ensure comparability over time and among laboratories. Several key parameters lack reference materials for measurements in seawater, particles in the water column, and sediments. Without reference materials it is difficult to produce the reliable data sets or long-term baseline studies that are essential to verify global change and oceanic stability. Chemical Reference Materials : Setting the Standards for Ocean Science identifies the most urgently required chemical reference materials based on key themes for oceanographic research and provides suggestions as to how they can be developed within realistic cost constraints. Chemical analyses of seawater are uniquely difficult given the poorly known speciation and the low concentration of many of the analytes of interest. Analyses of suspended and sedimentary marine particulate materials present their own distinct challenges, primarily due to potential interference by predominant mineral phases of different types. Of all the analytical methods applied to marine waters and particles, at present only a small fraction can be systematically evaluated via comparison to reference materials that represent the appropriate natural concentrations and matrices. Specifically, the committee was charged with the following tasks: - compile from available sources a list of important oceanographic research questions that may benefit from chemical reference standards; - create a comprehensive list of reference materials currently available for oceanographic studies; - identify and prioritize the reference materials needed to study the identified research questions; - determine for each priority analyte whether reference materials and/or analytic methods should be standardized; and - identify the most appropriate approaches for the development and future production of reference materials for ocean sciences. ER -