TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Douglas D. Gransberg, Gransberg & Associates, Inc. A2 - Michael Loulakis, Capital Project Strategies, LLC A2 - Keith Molenaar, University of Colorado at Boulder A2 - Steven D. DeWitt, Transportation Infrastructure Solutions, PLLC A2 - Auburn University Jorge Rueda-Benavides A2 - Ghada Gad, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona A2 - Debra R. Brisk, DRB Consulting, LLC TI - Implementing Alternative Technical Concepts in All Types of Highway Project Delivery Methods DO - 10.17226/25865 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25865/implementing-alternative-technical-concepts-in-all-types-of-highway-project-delivery-methods PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - There is an emerging view in the construction industry that better performance or better value for money can be achieved by integrating teamwork for planning, design, and construction of projects.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 277: Implementing Alternative Technical Concepts in All Types of Highway Project Delivery Methods seeks to assist integrated construction projects to include the construction contractor in the design process in some meaningful manner.The report is released in association with NCHRP Research Report 937: Guidebook for Implementing Alternative Technical Concepts in All Types of Highway Project Delivery Methods. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Douglas D. Gransberg, Gransberg & Associates, Inc. A2 - Michael Loulakis, Capital Project Strategies, LLC A2 - Keith Molenaar, University of Colorado at Boulder A2 - Steven D. DeWitt, Transportation Infrastructure Solutions, PLLC A2 - Auburn University Jorge Rueda-Benavides A2 - Ghada Gad, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona A2 - Debra R. Brisk, DRB Consulting, LLC TI - Guidebook for Implementing Alternative Technical Concepts in All Types of Highway Project Delivery Methods DO - 10.17226/25866 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25866/guidebook-for-implementing-alternative-technical-concepts-in-all-types-of-highway-project-delivery-methods PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - The past decade has been characterized by the pressing need to rapidly renew the nation’s deteriorating infrastructure, which has driven the increased use of alternative contracting methods for transportation and other infrastructure projects.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 937: Guidebook for Implementing Alternative Technical Concepts in All Types of Highway Project Delivery Methods is designed to help guide alternative technical concepts (ATCs) in the state highway project delivery process. The ATC process—used with design-build highway project delivery—solicits design modification ideas offered by respondents during the bidding process. These modifications aim to encourage innovation and improve design requirements while giving the respondent a competitive advantage.The report is accompanied by an Excel-based ATC Implementation Toolkit and an associated publication, NCHRP Web-Only Document 277: Implementing Alternative Technical Concepts in All Types of Highway Project Delivery Methods. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - H. David Jeong A2 - Kunhee Choi A2 - Taewoo Ko A2 - Douglas D. Gransberg A2 - Chau Le TI - Contingency Factors to Account for Risk in Early Construction Cost Estimates for Transportation Infrastructure Projects DO - 10.17226/26829 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26829/contingency-factors-to-account-for-risk-in-early-construction-cost-estimates-for-transportation-infrastructure-projects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Accurate early construction cost estimates of projects are important in order for state departments of transportation (DOTs) to effectively fund and manage the overall construction program. When cost estimates at the scoping phase of a project closely match construction costs, available funding is properly allocated within the program.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1025: Contingency Factors to Account for Risk in Early Construction Cost Estimates for Transportation Infrastructure Projects describes a method for developing estimates of contingency factors for common project-related risks that affect construction costs.Supplemental to the report are a downloadable spreadsheet-based tool that can be used to calculate contingency ranges based on project type and a presentation summarizing the project. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Adam Gamoran A2 - Kenne Dibner TI - The Future of Education Research at IES: Advancing an Equity-Oriented Science SN - DO - 10.17226/26428 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26428/the-future-of-education-research-at-ies-advancing-an-equity PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - In 2002 Congress passed the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 (ESRA), authorizing the creation of the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) as the research, evaluation, statistics, and assessment arm of the Department of Education, and crystallizing the federal government's commitment to providing national leadership in expanding fundamental knowledge and understanding of education from early childhood through postsecondary study. IES shares information on the condition and progress of education in the United States, including early childhood education and special education; educational practices that support learning and improve academic achievement and access to educational opportunities for all students; and the effectiveness of federal and other education programs. In response to a request from the Institute of Education Sciences, this report provides guidance on the future of education research at the National Center for Education Research and the National Center for Special Education Research, two centers directed by IES. This report identifies critical problems and issues, new methods and approaches, and new and different kinds of research training investments. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Framework and Tools for Estimating Benefits of Specific Freight Network Investments DO - 10.17226/14600 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14600/framework-and-tools-for-estimating-benefits-of-specific-freight-network-investments PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Freight Research Program (NCFRP) Report 12: Framework and Tools for Estimating Benefits of Specific Freight Network Investments provides a framework and tools designed to help estimate the private and public benefits of potential freight infrastructure investments.The evaluation framework is intended to assist public planning and decision-making processes regarding freight; to supplement benefit/cost assessment with distributional impact measures; and to advance public-private cooperation.The framework is capable of handling projects that span all of the different modes and able to assess benefits from a variety of project types, including those that are designed to improve freight operations, as well as those that would generate more capacity through infrastructure expansion. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Douglas W. Harwood, Daniel J. Cook, MRIGlobal A2 - Richard C. Coakley, Chad Polk, CH2M Hill TI - Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects DO - 10.17226/25206 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25206/guidelines-for-integrating-safety-and-cost-effectiveness-into-resurfacing-restoration-and-rehabilitation-3r-projects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Prior to 1976, federal highway funds could only be used for the construction of new highways or the reconstruction of existing highways. The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976 allowed the use of federal aid for resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation (3R) projects on federal-aid highways. However, in 1976 there were no standards for 3R improvements.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 876: Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects presents a rational approach for estimating the cost-effectiveness of including safety and operational improvements in a resurfacing, restoration, or rehabilitation (3R) project.The approach uses the performance of the existing road in estimating the benefits and cost-effectiveness of proposed design improvements. These guidelines are intended to replace TRB Special Report 214: Designing Safer Roads: Practices for Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation.Supplemental materials include NCHRP Web-Only Document 244: Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Two spreadsheet tools for benefit–cost analysis in support of design decisions for 3R projects also accompany the report. Spreadsheet Tool 1 is a tool for analysis of a single design alternative or combination of alternatives. Spreadsheet Tool 2 is a tool for comparison of several design alternatives or combinations of alternatives. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Elizabeth Ogard TI - Inventory of State and Federal Passenger and Freight Rail Programs DO - 10.17226/24788 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24788/inventory-of-state-and-federal-passenger-and-freight-rail-programs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Rail Research Program (NCRRP) Web Only Document 4: Inventory of State and Federal Passenger and Freight Rail Programs explores rail funding trends and objectives, a program taxonomy, an inventory of federal and state programs, and case studies to highlight rail funding innovation in practice.The Matrix of Rail Programs includes information about 379 state and federal, passenger and freight rail programs. The matrix allows users to compare programs by state or by defining characteristics, including funding types, project types, applicant eligibility, funding objectives, and primary program elements.This spreadsheet is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Stuart Anderson A2 - Cesar Quiroga A2 - John Overman A2 - Kunhee Choi A2 - Jayant Sahu A2 - Sharareh Kermanshacki A2 - Paul Goodrum A2 - Timothy Taylor A2 - Ying Li TI - Effective Project Scoping Practices to Improve On-Time and On-Budget Delivery of Highway Projects DO - 10.17226/23398 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23398/effective-project-scoping-practices-to-improve-on-time-and-on-budget-delivery-of-highway-projects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 821: Effective Project Scoping Practices to Improve On-Time and On-Budget Delivery of Highway Projects demonstrates how a state department of transportation (state DOT) can enhance its scoping process and practices to produce a project cost estimate and schedule that facilitate improved programming decision making and accountability. The guidebook illustrates the effort needed to develop a robust cost estimate and then manage to a baseline budget and scope throughout the project delivery cycle. The guidebook is applicable to a range of project types and is scalable in its ability to accommodate projects of varying complexity.Increasing or otherwise changing the scope of a project to improve facility performance is a common source of cost increases and schedule delays, as is failure to adequately consider project impacts on utilities, communities, or the environment. Industrial and commercial building construction sectors have experienced similar problems with construction project scope growth, cost increases, and time delays that occur after a project has been authorized for detailed design and construction.Recent research in these sectors has produced a structured and systematic process to help owners meet project cost and schedule objectives by defining a project to a suitable level of development prior to authorization of detailed design. Statistical evidence indicates that earlier and more detailed scoping efforts can reduce total design and construction cost by as much as 20%, and shorten total design and construction schedules by as much as 39%. Such scoping processes, with supporting indices and tools to calibrate the level of scoping effort required to achieve these results, have become standard procedures that many private U.S. corporations use in their capital facilities development efforts. With modifications, these processes and tools may be transferable to the transportation industry. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Economic Development Research Group, Inc. TI - Interactions Between Transportation Capacity, Economic Systems, and Land Use DO - 10.17226/22085 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22085/interactions-between-transportation-capacity-economic-systems-and-land-use PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-C03-RR-1: Interactions Between Transportation Capacity, Economic Systems, and Land Use provides information on the development of a large database of case studies and a web-based T-PICS (Transportation Project Impact Case Studies) tool that allow for more rapid assessment of the long-term economic impacts of highway capacity projects.SHRP 2 Report S2-C03-RR-1 and the accompanying T-PICS web-based tool are intended to serve as a resource for transportation planners and others who are interested in better understanding the long-term economic impacts of highway capacity projects. The T-PICS web-based tool provides transportation planners with a way to search for relevant case studies by type of project and setting. The case studies include details of the projects, their impacts, and factors affecting the impacts. The web tool also provides users with an option to specify the type of proposed project and see the range of likely impacts based on the studies.SHRP 2 Capacity Project C03 also developed three additional related materials: a data dictionary, a users guide, and performance metrics.SHRP 2 Report S2-C03-RR-1 includes an explanation of how the case studies were selected and developed, an introduction to T-PICS, and a meta-analysis of the key relationships among factors such as project type, traffic volume, project location, and nontransportation policies aimed at fostering economic development.An e-book version of this report is available for purchase at Google, iTunes, and Amazon.Errata: Figure 4.3 (p. 23) was cut off along the right edge and did not display all of the information in the bar graph. The figure has been corrected in the electronic version of the report.Disclaimer: This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Eric Kerness A2 - Kurt Dettman A2 - James W. Evans, Jr. A2 - James McDaniel TI - Legal Issues with Obtaining Insurance for Large Transit Projects DO - 10.17226/22301 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22301/legal-issues-with-obtaining-insurance-for-large-transit-projects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Legal Research Digest 47: Legal Issues with Obtaining Insurance for Large Transit Projects identifies and discusses in detail the legal issues confronting transit agencies seeking to obtain insurance for large transit capital projects. The report covers different types of insurance coverage required for large projects and the types of programs available, including Owner Controlled Insurance Programs and owner’s protective professional indemnity insurance. In addition, the report considers the benefits, advantages, and disadvantages of such programs as compared to consultant- or contractor-provided insurance programs.The digest also examines how state law affects the ability to assign risk contractually; the current practices for drafting contract provisions to manage risk; competitive procurement and cost analysis issues; methods of obtaining comparative pricing for various insurance options; and the impacts of the various types of insurance programs on owner liability, project and contractor safety, and disadvantaged and small business enterprise project participation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Michael C. Loulakis A2 - Shannon J. Briglia A2 - Lauren P. McLaughlin TI - Issues Involving Surety for Public Transportation Projects DO - 10.17226/22738 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22738/issues-involving-surety-for-public-transportation-projects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Legal Research Digest 40: Issues Involving Surety for Public Transportation Projects reviews applicable federal law, provides examples of state and local laws, and highlights industry practices related to surety.The digest also examines surety issues and industry practices in various types of construction and other public transportation projects. The types of surety addressed by the report include performance, payment, and warranty bonds; letters of credit; and other instruments. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Zoe Haseman TI - Integrating Environmental Sustainability into Airport Contracts DO - 10.17226/22567 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22567/integrating-environmental-sustainability-into-airport-contracts PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 42: Integrating Environmental Sustainability into Airport Contracts provides examples of how airports might help drive environmental sustainability performance improvements at their facilities by integrating environmental sustainability concepts into contracts with contractors, suppliers, and vendors. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions SN - DO - 10.17226/12946 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12946/controlling-cost-growth-of-nasa-earth-and-space-science-missions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - Cost and schedule growth is a problem experienced by many types of projects in many fields of endeavor. Based on prior studies of cost growth in NASA and Department of Defense projects, this book identifies specific causes of cost growth associated with NASA Earth and space science missions and provides guidance on how NASA can overcome these specific problems. The recommendations in this book focus on changes in NASA policies that would directly reduce or eliminate the cost growth of Earth and space science missions. Large cost growth is a concern for Earth and space science missions, and it can be a concern for other missions as well. If the cost growth is large enough, it can create liquidity problems for NASA's Science Mission Directorate that in turn cause cost profile changes and development delays that amplify the overall cost growth for other concurrent and/or pending missions. Addressing cost growth through the allocation of artificially high reserves is an inefficient use of resources because it unnecessarily diminishes the portfolio of planned flights. The most efficient use of resources is to establish realistic budgets and reserves and effective management processes that maximize the likelihood that mission costs will not exceed reserves. NASA is already taking action to reduce cost growth; additional steps, as recommended herein, will help improve NASA's mission planning process and achieve the goal of ensuring frequent mission opportunities for NASA Earth and space science. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Optical Sizing and Roundness Determination of Glass Beads Used in Traffic Markings DO - 10.17226/14433 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14433/optical-sizing-and-roundness-determination-of-glass-beads-used-in-traffic-markings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 346: Optical Sizing and Roundness Determination of Glass Beads Used in Traffic Markings summarizes the results of a project that examined the precision and bias of both optical and traditional mechanical methods for different glass bead types. The project also compared the precision and bias of various measurement methods, and explored development of a practice for the use of computerized optical methods and equipment to measure the size and roundness of glass beads used in traffic markings.The final report on this project was published as NCHRP Web-Only Document 156. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Major Legal Issues for Highway Public-Private Partnerships DO - 10.17226/23324 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23324/major-legal-issues-for-highway-public-private-partnerships PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Legal Research Digest 51: Major Legal Issues for Highway Public-Private Partnerships explores legal issues that are likely to arise in the implementation of public-private partnerships in the U.S. highway sector. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jennifer Shane A2 - Kelly Strong A2 - Douglas Gransberg A2 - Junyong Ahn A2 - Neil Allan A2 - Debra Brisk A2 - James Hunt A2 - Carla Lopez del Puerto A2 - Owens John A2 - Eric Scheepbouwer A2 - Sidney Scott A2 - Susan Tighe A2 - Ali Touran TI - Project Management Strategies for Complex Projects: Case Study Report DO - 10.17226/22413 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22413/project-management-strategies-for-complex-projects-case-study-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Renewal Project R10 has released a report titled Project Management Strategies for Complex Projects: Case Study Report, which includes case studies of 15 projects in the United States and three international projects that used tools that aid project managers in the delivery of complex projects. The 18 projects represent a number of different types, locations, size, and phases of development. The tools identified fall into two areas—project development and project execution.In addition, SHRP 2 Renewal Project R10 developed two other reports:Project Management Strategies for Complex Projects, which describes the five-dimensional management approach for complex projects. The goal of the five-dimensional approach is to identify issues that should be planned and managed proactively, rather than retroactively. The five areas of the new project management approach address cost, schedule, engineering requirements, external influences, and financing; and Guide To: Project Management Strategies for Complex Projects, which is designed to help facilitate the application of the five-dimensional project management approach for complex projects. The objective of the guide is to identify and communicate the critical factors involved in successfully managing complex transportation design and construction projects. A training course based on the information in the guide was also developed. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Stephen Barrett Barrett, Energy Resources Group, LLC TI - Airport Greenhouse Gas Reduction Efforts DO - 10.17226/25609 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25609/airport-greenhouse-gas-reduction-efforts PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Airports in the United States are responding to the demand for increased air travel with sustainable development that incorporates more energy-efficient and lower-emission technologies. Funding for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions-reducing technologies, such as electrification, alternative fuels, and renewable energy, has also become more accessible as technologies are proven to be safe, reliable, and cost-effective.Newer strategies and programs to reduce GHG emissions reach beyond airport operations to incorporate the traveling public. These are among the findings in the TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 100: Airport Greenhouse Gas Reduction Efforts. The report assesses (1) the state of practice of GHG emissions reduction initiatives at airports, and (2) the lessons learned to support the successful implementation of future GHG reduction projects.The report also finds that large airports are taking the lead in moving beyond reduction strategies for their own emissions and tackling those produced by tenants and the traveling public by supporting the use of alternative fuels and directing passengers to airport carbon offset platforms.It is clear that airports regard energy-efficiency measures to be the most effective practice to reducing GHG emissions. Smaller airports, in particular, are adopting new technologies associated with more efficient heating and cooling infrastructure and lighting systems because they decrease energy consumption and make economic sense. GHG reduction projects are being implemented by different types of airports across the industry because of the cost savings and the environmental benefits of the new technology.Airports are actively benchmarking emission-reduction progress in comparison with similar efforts at airports around the world by using frameworks employed by the industry globally, such as the Airport Carbon Accreditation Program and the airport carbon emissions reporting tool (ACERT), to measure their GHG emissions.Innovative approaches are allowing airports to address rapidly changing consumer behaviors, like those presented in recent years by transportation network companies (TNCs) such as Uber and Lyft. These policy-based solutions offer the potential for wider adoption as they enable airports to act without significant capital expenditures. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Optical Sizing and Roundness Determination of Glass Beads Used in Traffic Markings DO - 10.17226/22927 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22927/optical-sizing-and-roundness-determination-of-glass-beads-used-in-traffic-markings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 156: Optical Sizing and Roundness Determination of Glass Beads Used in Traffic Markings is the final report on a project that examined the precision and bias of both optical and traditional mechanical methods for different glass bead types. The project also compared the precision and bias of various measurement methods, and explored development of a practice for the use of computerized optical methods and equipment to measure the size and roundness of glass beads used in traffic markings.A summary of the project was published as NCHRP Research Results Digest 346. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board TI - The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program: Assessing 10 Years of Experience -- Special Report 264 DO - 10.17226/10350 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10350/the-congestion-mitigation-and-air-quality-improvement-program-assessing-10 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - TRB Special Report 264 - Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program: Assessing 10 Years of Experience recommends that Congress retain the sole federal surface transportation program that funds projects to reduce pollution and traffic congestion in areas that must comply with national air quality standards. The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) program was enacted as part of the surface transportation legislation authorized in 1991 to provide support for projects that would aid local efforts to meet the strict new federal deadlines imposed by the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990. CMAQ was included in the reauthorization of surface transportation legislation in 1998 for another 6 years, and funding for this period was set at $8.1 billion. In the 1998 legislation, Congress also requested an evaluation of the effectiveness of the program and the cost-effectiveness of the projects funded by the program. CMAQ funds are focused primarily on the transportation control measures (TCMs) contained in the 1990 CAAA (with the exception of vehicle scrappage programs, which have not been permitted). TCMs are strategies whose primary purpose is to lessen the pollutants emitted by motor vehicles by decreasing highway travel (for example, bicycle, pedestrian, and some transit projects) and to encourage more efficient facility use (for example, projects focused on ridesharing and on traffic flow improvements, such as signal timing). In addition, CMAQ funds may be used for projects that reduce vehicle emissions directly, such as through vehicle inspection and maintenance programs and purchase of alternative-fueled transit vehicles. In the spirit of the legislation that originally authorized the program, decisions about project selection are made at the local level, usually by or through the local metropolitan planning organization. After reviewing the limited information available about these types of projects, the committee that evaluated the CMAQ program concluded that, when compared on the sole criterion of tons of emissions reduced per dollar spent, strategies aimed directly at emissions reductions—such as emissions and fuel standards for new vehicles, well-structured inspection and maintenance programs, and vehicle scrappage programs—are more cost-effective than the typical CMAQ TCMs, which tend to depend on changes in behavior. A few behaviorally based TCMs, however, such as pricing and regional ridesharing, compare favorably with vehicle- and fuel-based strategies. The committee recommended that the CMAQ program be continued, in part because it is a "funded" rather than an "unfunded" mandate. The committee also called for a focus of future projects on reductions in emissions with the largest public health consequences and for improved evaluation of project effectiveness. Special Report 264 Summary ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Timothy Taylor A2 - Roy Sturgill A2 - Steve Waddle A2 - Ying Li A2 - Paul Goodrum A2 - Keith Molenaar A2 - Sara Al-Haddad TI - Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects DO - 10.17226/25720 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25720/workforce-optimization-workbook-for-transportation-construction-projects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - State transportation agencies are increasingly tasked with doing more with less in managing highway transportation networks.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 923: Workforce Optimization Workbook for Transportation Construction Projects provides state transportation agencies with guidance to identify their construction staffing needs and how to best allocate their state or consultant engineering and inspection staff and consultant resources to highway construction projects. The guidance provides 35 specific staffing strategies that may help alleviate construction staff challenges.There are also an associated e-Workforce Optimization Workbook (e-WOW) spreadsheet and a User Guide. ER -