TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Evaluation of the Implementation of WFIRST/AFTA in the Context of New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics SN - DO - 10.17226/18712 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18712/evaluation-of-the-implementation-of-wfirstafta-in-the-context-of-new-worlds-new-horizons-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - Evaluation of the Implementation of WFIRST in the Context of New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics assesses whether the proposed Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets (AFTA) design reference mission described in the April 30, 2013 report of the AFTA Science Definition Team (SDT), WFIRST-2.4, is responsive to the overall strategy to pursue the science objectives of New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics, and in particular, the survey's top ranked, large-scale, space-based priority: the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). This report considers the versions of WFIRST-2.4 with and without the coronagraph, as described in the AFTA SDT report. The report compares the WFIRST mission described in New Worlds, New Horizons to the AFTA SDT WFIRST-2.4 design reference mission, with and without the coronagraph, on the basis of their science objectives, technical complexity, and programmatic rationale, including projected cost. This report gives an overview of relevant scientific, technical, and programmatic changes that have occurred since the release of New Worlds, New Horizons, and assesses the responsiveness of the WFIRST mission to the science and technology objectives of the New Worlds report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - New Worlds, New Horizons: A Midterm Assessment SN - DO - 10.17226/23560 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23560/new-worlds-new-horizons-a-midterm-assessment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics (NWNH), the report of the 2010 decadal survey of astronomy and astrophysics, put forward a vision for a decade of transformative exploration at the frontiers of astrophysics. This vision included mapping the first stars and galaxies as they emerge from the collapse of dark matter and cold clumps of hydrogen, finding new worlds in a startlingly diverse population of extrasolar planets, and exploiting the vastness and extreme conditions of the universe to reveal new information about the fundamental laws of nature. NWNH outlined a compelling program for understanding the cosmic order and for opening new fields of inquiry through the discovery areas of gravitational waves, time-domain astronomy, and habitable planets. Many of these discoveries are likely to be enabled by cyber-discovery and the power of mathematics, physics, and imagination. To help realize this vision, NWNH recommended a suite of innovative and powerful facilities, along with balanced, strong support for the scientific community engaged in theory, data analysis, technology development, and measurements with existing and new instrumentation. Already in the first half of the decade, scientists and teams of scientists working with these cutting-edge instruments and with new capabilities in data collection and analysis have made spectacular discoveries that advance the NWNH vision. New Worlds, New Horizons: A Midterm Assessment reviews the responses of NASA's Astrophysics program, NSF's Astronomy program, and DOE's Cosmic Frontiers program to NWNH. This report describes the most significant scientific discoveries, technical advances, and relevant programmatic changes in astronomy and astrophysics over the years since the publication of the decadal survey, and assesses how well the Agencies' programs address the strategies, goals, and priorities outlined in the 2010 decadal survey. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space SN - DO - 10.17226/24938 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24938/thriving-on-our-changing-planet-a-decadal-strategy-for-earth PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities – social, economic, security, and more – that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet presents prioritized science, applications, and observations, along with related strategic and programmatic guidance, to support the U.S. civil space Earth observation program over the coming decade. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - On Assessment of NASA's 2000 Solar System Exploration Roadmap: Letter Report DO - 10.17226/12264 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12264/on-assessment-of-nasas-2000-solar-system-exploration-roadmap-letter PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Priorities in Space Science Enabled by Nuclear Power and Propulsion SN - DO - 10.17226/11432 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11432/priorities-in-space-science-enabled-by-nuclear-power-and-propulsion PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - In 2003, NASA began an R&D effort to develop nuclear power and propulsion systems for solar system exploration. This activity, renamed Project Prometheus in 2004, was initiated because of the inherent limitations in photovoltaic and chemical propulsion systems in reaching many solar system objectives. To help determine appropriate missions for a nuclear power and propulsion capability, NASA asked the NRC for an independent assessment of potentially highly meritorious missions that may be enabled if space nuclear systems became operational. This report provides a series of space science objectives and missions that could be so enabled in the period beyond 2015 in the areas of astronomy and astrophysics, solar system exploration, and solar and space physics. It is based on but does not reprioritize the findings of previous NRC decadal surveys in those three areas. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Report Series: Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science: Options for the Fifth New Frontiers Announcement of Opportunity SN - DO - 10.17226/25868 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25868/report-series-committee-on-astrobiology-and-planetary-science-options-for PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - The Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Sciences of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine is tasked with monitoring the progress in implementation of the recommendations of the most recent planetary science decadal survey, Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022. Planetary science decadal surveys evaluate the state of the field, identify the most important scientific questions and themes, and prioritize missions and activities for the decade in question based on scientific merit, technical feasibility, and anticipated cost. The need for careful monitoring is underscored by the fact that some of the decadal survey's recommendations are triggered at specific programmatic decision points. Options for the Fifth New Frontiers Announcement of Opportunity addresses one such decision point. For each of the following four New Frontiers targets: Ocean Worlds, Trojan Tour and Rendezvous, Io Observer and Lunar Geophysical, this report summarizes changes in scientific understanding or external factors since the release of Vision and Voyages or its midterm review and considers whether those changes have been sufficiently substantial to warrant reconsideration of the four targets for inclusion in the New Frontiers 5 announcement of opportunity, scheduled for release in early 2022. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Science Management in the Human Exploration of Space SN - DO - 10.17226/5841 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5841/science-management-in-the-human-exploration-of-space PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics ER - TY - BOOK TI - Review of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise Research Strategy for 2000-2010 DO - 10.17226/9960 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9960/review-of-nasas-earth-science-enterprise-research-strategy-for-2000-2010 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics KW - Earth Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kathleen Rooney A2 - Sonya Suter TI - Rural Public Transportation Strategies for Responding to the Livable and Sustainable Communities Initiative DO - 10.17226/22761 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22761/rural-public-transportation-strategies-for-responding-to-the-livable-and-sustainable-communities-initiative PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 375: Rural Public Transportation Strategies for Responding to the Livable and Sustainable Communities Initiative explores ways that state departments of transportation may help rural organizations advance transit-related solutions to rural mobility challenges. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space: An Overview for Decision Makers and the Public SN - DO - 10.17226/25437 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25437/thriving-on-our-changing-planet-a-decadal-strategy-for-earth-observation-from-space PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities – social, economic, security, and more – that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Assessment of Satellite Earth Observation Programs--1991 DO - 10.17226/12322 PY - 1991 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12322/assessment-of-satellite-earth-observation-programs-1991 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Jack D. Fellows A2 - Joseph K. Alexander TI - Decadal Science Strategy Surveys: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/11894 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11894/decadal-science-strategy-surveys-report-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - The Workshop on Decadal Science Strategy Surveys was held on November 14-16, 2006, to promote discussions of the use of National Research Council (NRC) decadal surveys for developing and implementing scientific priorities, to review lessons learned from the most recent surveys, and to identify potential approaches for future surveys that can enhance their realism, utility, and endurance. The workshop involved approximately 60 participants from academia, industry, government, and the NRC. This report summarizes the workshop presentations, panel discussions, and general discussions on the use of decadal surveys for developing and implementing scientific priorities in astronomy and astrophysics, planetary science, solar and space physics, and Earth science. Decadal Science Strategy Surveys: Report of a Workshop summarizes the evnts of the three day workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Alexandra Beatty TI - Student Mobility: Exploring the Impacts of Frequent Moves on Achievement: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/12853 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12853/student-mobility-exploring-the-impacts-of-frequent-moves-on-achievement PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Many low-income families struggle with stable housing and frequently have to move due to foreclosures, rent increases, or other financial setbacks. Children in these families can experience lasting negative effects, especially those who are young and still developing basic learning and social skills. A joint NRC-IOM committee held a workshop in June 2009 to examine these issues, highlight patterns in current research, and discuss how to develop a support system for at-risk children. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Space Studies Board Annual Report 1991 DO - 10.17226/12306 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12306/space-studies-board-annual-report-1991 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Marie Venner Consulting A2 - URS Corporation TI - An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 1 DO - 10.17226/22510 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22510/an-ecological-approach-to-integrating-conservation-and-highway-planning-volume-1 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) S2-C06-RW-1: An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 1 summarizes the research approach and major findings of a project designed to help transportation and environmental professionals apply ecological principles early in the planning and programming process of highway capacity improvements to inform later environmental reviews and permitting.The report is part one of a four-volume set. The other volumes in the set are:An Ecological Approach to Integrating Conservation and Highway Planning, Volume 2 is a summary of the approach and outcomes of a partner project, Integration of Conservation, Highway Planning, and Environmental Permitting through Development of an Outcome-Based Ecosystem-Scale Approach and Corresponding Credit System.The third volume, Practitioner’s Guide to the Integrated Ecological Framework, describes the IEF and outlines a way to integrate the conservation and restoration needs and objectives of multiple entities.The fourth volume, Manager’s Guide to the Integrated Ecological Framework, provides a basic understanding of the Integrated Ecological Framework (IEF), a nine-step process for integrating ecological and transportation planning.A supplemental report, Integrated Ecological Framework Outreach Project, documents the techniques used to disseminate the project's results into practitioner communities and provides technical assistance and guidance to those agencies piloting the products.The primary product of these complementary efforts is the Integrated Ecological Framework (IEF). The IEF is a step-by-step process guiding the integration of transportation and ecological planning. Each step of the IEF is supported by a database of case studies, data, methods, and tools. The IEF is available through the Transportation for Communities—Advancing Projects through Partnerships (TCAPP) website. TCAPP is now known as PlanWorks. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Learning to Change: Opportunities to Improve the Performance of Smaller Manufacturers SN - DO - 10.17226/2239 PY - 1993 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2239/learning-to-change-opportunities-to-improve-the-performance-of-smaller PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - Manufacturing firms—large and small—face massive change and adjustment as they move from a stable, fault-tolerant environment of long production runs to a volatile world in which production runs are short; product characteristics are changing constantly; and defect-free, on-time production at decreasing prices is a condition for survival. The necessary changes in the production organization include everything from the layout of the shop floor to the distribution of authority between managers and workers. The magnitude of these changes threatens to overwhelm the managerial capacities of firms, regardless of their size. This study examines the particularly vulnerable situation of small and mid-size manufacturers and considers ways in which to help them undertake the many changes and adjustments necessary. These include assimilating the new tools, disciplines, and philosophy of lean manufacturing; embracing new ways of delegating responsibilities; and developing new kinds of partnerships among customers, suppliers, and employees. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Review of Progress in Astronomy and Astrophysics Toward the Decadal Vision: Letter Report DO - 10.17226/11230 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11230/review-of-progress-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics-toward-the-decadal-vision PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - In the past few years, programmatic changes at NASA, issues raised by the NRC report, Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos: Eleven Science Questions for the New Century(CQC), and scientific and technological advances combined to prompt consideration of a reexamination of the overall science strategy set forth in Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium (AANM). Discussions followed between the Board on Physics and Astronomy and NASA and NSF that resulted in a request by the two agencies to prepare a short report addressing the points leading up to calls for the reexamination. The report was also to assess progress towards the vision set forth in the AANM and CQC studies. This letter report presents the result of that study. It reviews the context that led up to the request and the most exciting advances in astronomy and astrophysics and key technological developments since the AAMN report was published, and it provides an outlook for fulfilling the decadal vision of the two previous studies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Space Studies Board Annual Report 2014 DO - 10.17226/21671 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21671/space-studies-board-annual-report-2014 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - The original charter of the Space Science Board was established in June 1958, 3 months before the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) opened its doors. The Space Science Board and its successor, the Space Studies Board (SSB), have provided expert external and independent scientific and programmatic advice to NASA on a continuous basis from NASA's inception until the present. The SSB has also provided such advice to other executive branch agencies, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Department of Defense, as well as to Congress. Space Studies Board Annual Report 2014 covers a message from the chair of the SSB, David N. Spergel. This report also explains the origins of the Space Science Board, how the Space Studies Board functions today, the SSB's collaboration with other National Research Council units, assures the quality of the SSB reports, acknowledges the audience and sponsors, and expresses the necessity to enhance the outreach and improve dissemination of SSB reports. This report will be relevant to a full range of government audiences in civilian space research - including NASA, NSF, NOAA, USGS, and the Department of Energy, as well members of the SSB, policy makers, and researchers. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Space Studies Board Annual Report 2000 DO - 10.17226/10177 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10177/space-studies-board-annual-report-2000 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Susan L. Cutter TI - American Hazardscapes: The Regionalization of Hazards and Disasters SN - DO - 10.17226/10132 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10132/american-hazardscapes-the-regionalization-of-hazards-and-disasters PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - Earth Sciences KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Barrier islands. Flood plains. Earthquake faults. Sometimes the environment poses threats to our well being, yet many of us continue to choose to live in risky or dangerous places. And on top of the “knowns” are the other, more hidden hazards related to environmental contamination that pose equally serious threats to our health and well being. But where are these places and what types of hazards are found there? American Hazardscapes examines the risks associated with living and owning property in diverse regions across the United States, offering dual perspectives: that of the geographer and that of the social science hazards researcher. The book summarizes what we already know about regional patterns of hazard events and losses during the previous three decades and goes further to shed light on the nature of the events themselves and their impact on society. Written for the relocating citizen and the policy maker alike, American Hazardscapes presents a regional ecology of disaster-prone or disaster-resistant states. It also offers thoughts on what local, state, and federal managers need to do to meet the challenge of reducing hazard losses in the next century. ER -