TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Arielle L. Baker A2 - Jeena M. Thomas A2 - Jennifer E. Saunders TI - Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent and Address Sexual Harassment: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26279 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26279/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-interventions-to-prevent-and-address-sexual-harassment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - Rising awareness of and increased attention to sexual harassment has resulted in momentum to implement sexual harassment prevention efforts in higher education institutions. Work on preventing sexual harassment is an area that has recently garnered a lot of attention, especially around education and programs that go beyond the standard anti-sexual harassment trainings often used to comply with legal requirements. On April 20-21, 2021, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the workshop Developing Evaluation Metrics for Sexual Harassment Prevention Efforts. The workshop explored approaches and strategies for evaluating and measuring the effectiveness of sexual harassment interventions being implemented at higher education institutions and research and training sites, in order to assist institutions in transforming promising ideas into evidence-based best practices. Workshop participants also addressed methods, metrics, and measures that could be used to evaluate sexual harassment prevention efforts that lead to change in the organizational climate and culture and/or a change in behavior among community members. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Measuring Success in Substance Use Grant Programs: Outcomes and Metrics for Improvement SN - DO - 10.17226/25745 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25745/measuring-success-in-substance-use-grant-programs-outcomes-and-metrics PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The opioid epidemic, now several decades in the making, continues to cause pain and suffering for millions of Americans. Each year, thousands of individuals die from overdose, and thousands more grieve from these losses. Opioid use disorder (OUD) can lead to a complete interruption of day-to-day activities, including caring for one's family, maintaining a job or career, or keeping track of basic necessities, such as health care and finances. This report, the first in a series of three, examines four of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)'s grant programs that help alleviate suffering due to opioids and improve treatment quality and access. It offers recommendations about the existing reporting tools used by these programs and and proposes additional metrics and outcomes that should be considered. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Lyla Hernandez A2 - Suzanne Landi TI - Promoting Health Literacy to Encourage Prevention and Wellness: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/13186 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13186/promoting-health-literacy-to-encourage-prevention-and-wellness-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Health literacy has been shown to affect health outcomes. The use of preventive services improves health and prevents costly health care expenditures. Several studies have found that health literacy makes a difference in the extent to which populations use preventive services. On September 15, 2009, the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Health Literacy held a workshop to explore approaches to integrate health literacy into primary and secondary prevention. Promoting Health Literacy to Encourage Prevention and Wellness serves as a factual account of the discussion that took place at the workshop. The report describes the inclusion of health literacy into public health prevention programs at the national, state, and local levels; reviews how insurance companies factor health literacy into their prevention programs; and discusses industry contributions to providing health literate primary and secondary prevention. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Laura Aiuppa Denning A2 - Marc Meisnere A2 - Kenneth E. Warner TI - Preventing Psychological Disorders in Service Members and Their Families: An Assessment of Programs SN - DO - 10.17226/18597 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18597/preventing-psychological-disorders-in-service-members-and-their-families-an PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Being deployed to a war zone can result in numerous adverse psychological health conditions. It is well documented in the literature that there are high rates of psychological disorders among military personnel serving in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq as well as among the service members' families. For service members' families, the degree of hardship and negative consequences rises with the amount of the service members' exposure to traumatic or life-altering experiences. Adult and child members of the families of service members who experience wartime deployments have been found to be at increased risk for symptoms of psychological disorders and to be more likely to use mental health services. In an effort to provide early recognition and early intervention that meet the psychological health needs of service members and their families, DOD currently screens for many of these conditions at numerous points during the military life cycle, and it is implementing structural interventions that support the improved integration of military line personnel, non-medical caregivers, and clinicians, such as RESPECT-Mil (Re-engineering Systems of Primary Care Treatment in the Military), embedded mental health providers, and the Patient-Centered Medical Home. Preventing Psychological Disorders in Service Members and Their Families evaluates risk and protective factors in military and family populations and suggests that prevention strategies are needed at multiple levels - individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and societal - in order to address the influence that these factors have on psychological health. This report reviews and critiques reintegration programs and prevention strategies for PTSD, depression, recovery support, and prevention of substance abuse, suicide, and interpersonal violence. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Opportunities to Improve Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Disease Services: Integrating Responses to a Dual Epidemic SN - DO - 10.17226/25626 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25626/opportunities-to-improve-opioid-use-disorder-and-infectious-disease-services PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Opioid use and infectious diseases are intertwined epidemics. Despite the fact that the United States is more than two decades into the opioid crisis - the cause of tens of thousands of deaths every year on its own - the health system has not sufficiently addressed the morbidity and mortality of drug use coupled with infectious diseases. This is at least in part due to traditional models of substance use disorder care wherein substance use disorder treatment is delivered independently of other medical care, thereby inhibiting the delivery of comprehensive care. As a result, the United States is experiencing a drastic increase in infectious diseases that spread with drug use. Opportunities to Improve Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Disease Services examines current efforts to integrate care and describes barriers, such as inadequate workforce and training; lack of data integration and sharing; and stigma among people who use drugs and have also been diagnosed with an infectious disease. The conclusions and recommendations of this report will help to promote patient-centered, integrated programs to address this dual epidemic. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Innovations in Design and Utilization of Measurement Systems to Promote Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health: Workshop in Brief DO - 10.17226/23543 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23543/innovations-in-design-and-utilization-of-measurement-systems-to-promote-childrens-cognitive-affective-and-behavioral-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - On November 5-6, 2014, the Forum on Promoting Children’s Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health held a workshop in Washington, D.C., to address advances and gaps in measurement systems to promote children's mental and behavioral health. The workshop featured presentations on the use of data linkage and integration to inform research and practice; the use of quality measures to facilitate change in health care, classroom, and juvenile justice settings; and tools to measure implementation of evidence-based prevention programs. Workshop presenters and participants discussed examples of innovative design and utilization of measurement systems, new approaches to build on existing data structures, and new data systems that could support the cognitive, affective, and behavioral health and well-being of children. This report highlights the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Francis K. Amankwah A2 - D. S. Red Haircrow A2 - Sharyl J. Nass TI - Suicide Prevention in Indigenous Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26745 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26745/suicide-prevention-in-indigenous-communities-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Indigenous communities experience higher risks for suicide compared to the general U.S. population, with suicide as the second-leading cause of death among Indigenous children and young adults in North America. To reduce this trend, it is essential for prevention and intervention efforts to build on scientific evidence; cultural and local knowledge; and the best community, family, and institutional practices to reduce risk and increase protection. The Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders and the Forum for Children's Well-Being at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a three-part virtual public workshop on April 26, 2022, May 13, 2022, and June 10, 2022, to examine suicide risk and protective factors in Indigenous populations, discuss culturally appropriate and effective suicide prevention policies and programs, explore existing data systems and how data can be used for tracking suicide rates, and consider opportunities for action. This Proceedings highlights presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Leigh Carroll A2 - Megan M. Perez A2 - Rachel M. Taylor TI - The Evidence for Violence Prevention Across the Lifespan and Around the World: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18399 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18399/the-evidence-for-violence-prevention-across-the-lifespan-and-around-the-world PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Evidence for Violence Prevention Across the Lifespan and Around the World is the summary of a workshop convened in January 2013 by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention to explore value and application of the evidence for violence prevention across the lifespan and around the world. As part of the Forum's mandate is to engage in multisectoral, multidirectional dialogue that explores crosscutting approaches to violence prevention, this workshop examined how existing evidence for violence prevention can continue to be expanded, disseminated, and implemented in ways that further the ultimate aims of improved individual well-being and safer communities. This report examines violence prevention interventions that have been proven to reduce different types of violence (e.g., child and elder abuse, intimate partner and sexual violence, youth and collective violence, and self-directed violence), identifies the common approaches most lacking in evidentiary support, and discusses ways that proven effective interventions can be integrated or otherwise linked with other prevention programs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Steve Olson TI - Applying Lessons of Optimal Adolescent Health to Improve Behavioral Outcomes for Youth: Public Information-Gathering Session: Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief DO - 10.17226/25495 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25495/applying-lessons-of-optimal-adolescent-health-to-improve-behavioral-outcomes-for-youth-public-information-gathering-session PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The Committee on Applying Lessons of Optimal Adolescent Health to Improve Behavioral Outcomes for Youth is conducting a study to identify key components of youth-serving programs that have proved successful in improving health outcomes related to adolescent behavior. As a part of this work, the committee held a public information-gathering session on April 17, 2019. The day-long session consisted of five panels: (1) health education decision making in public education systems, (2) effective measurement and evaluation of adolescent behaviors and behavioral interventions, (3) effective elements of programs focused on adolescent behavior, (4) evaluations of the Teen Pregnancy Prevention (TPP) Program and sex education programs, and (5) a discussion with youth. This public session represents just one of the ways in which the committee is gathering information for their report. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the session. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Monica S. Ruiz A2 - Alicia R. Gable A2 - Edward H. Kaplan A2 - Michael A. Stoto A2 - Harvey V. Fineberg A2 - James Trussell TI - No Time to Lose: Getting More from HIV Prevention SN - DO - 10.17226/9964 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9964/no-time-to-lose-getting-more-from-hiv-prevention PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The United States has spent two productive decades implementing a variety of prevention programs. While these efforts have slowed the rate of infection, challenges remain. The United States must refocus its efforts to contain the spread of HIV and AIDS in a way that would prevent as many new HIV infections as possible. No Time to Lose presents the Institute of Medicine’s framework for a national prevention strategy. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Steve Olson A2 - Noam I. Keren TI - Innovations in Design and Utilization of Measurement Systems to Promote Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21661 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21661/innovations-in-design-and-utilization-of-measurement-systems-to-promote-childrens-cognitive-affective-and-behavioral-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Many measurement systems to monitor the well-being of children and guide services are implemented across the community, state, and national levels in the United States. While great progress has been made in recent years in developing interventions that have been shown to improve the cognitive, affective, and behavioral health of children, many of these tested and effective interventions have yet to be widely implemented. One potential reason for this lag in implementation is a need to further develop and better utilize measures that gauge the success of evidence-based programs as part of a broad effort to prevent negative outcomes and foster children's health and well-being. To address this issue, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Promoting Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health held a workshop in Washington, DC, on November 5-6, 2014. The workshop featured presentations on the use of data linkage and integration to inform research and practice related to children's cognitive, affective, and behavioral health; the use of quality measures to facilitate system change in health care, classroom, and juvenile justice settings; and tools developed to measure implementation of evidence-based prevention programs at scale to support sustainable program delivery, among other topics. Workshop presenters and participants discussed examples of innovative design and utilization of measurement systems, new approaches to build on existing data systems, and new data systems that could support the cognitive, affective, and behavioral health and well-being of children. This report summarizes the presentation and discussions of the event. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Paula Tarnapol Whitacre A2 - Annina Catherine Burns A2 - Cathy Liverman A2 - Lynn Parker TI - Community Perspectives on Obesity Prevention in Children: Workshop Summaries SN - DO - 10.17226/12705 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12705/community-perspectives-on-obesity-prevention-in-children-workshop-summaries PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Food and Nutrition AB - As the public health threat of childhood obesity has become clear, the issue has become the focus of local, state, and national initiatives. Many of these efforts are centered on the community environment in recognition of the role of environmental factors in individual behaviors related to food and physical activity. In many communities, for example, fresh produce is not available or affordable, streets and parks are not amenable to exercise, and policies and economic choices make fast food cheaper and more convenient than healthier alternatives. Community efforts to combat obesity vary in scope and scale; overall, however, they remain fragmented, and little is known about their effectiveness. At the local level, communities are struggling to determine which obesity prevention programs to initiate and how to evaluate their impact. In this context, the Institute of Medicine held two workshops to inform current work on obesity prevention in children through input from individuals who are actively engaged in community- and policy-based obesity prevention programs. Community perspectives were elicited on the challenges involved in undertaking policy and programmatic interventions aimed at preventing childhood obesity, and on approaches to program implementation and evaluation that have shown promise. Highlights of the workshop presentations and discussions are presented in this volume. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Preventing HIV Infection Among Injecting Drug Users in High-Risk Countries: An Assessment of the Evidence SN - DO - 10.17226/11731 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11731/preventing-hiv-infection-among-injecting-drug-users-in-high-risk-countries PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Drug dependence is a complex, chronic, relapsing condition that is often accompanied by severe health, psychological, economic, legal, and social consequences. Injecting drug users are particularly vulnerable to HIV and other bloodborne infections (such as hepatitis C) as a result of sharing contaminated injecting equipment. All drug-dependent individuals, including injecting drug users (IDUs), may be at increased risk of HIV infection because of high-risk sexual behaviors. There are an estimated 13.2 million injecting drug users (IDUs) world-wide—78 percent of whom live in developing or transitional countries. The sharing of contaminated injecting equipment has become a major driving force of the global AIDS epidemic and is the primary mode of HIV transmission in many countries. In some cases, epidemics initially fueled by the sharing of contaminated injecting equipment are spreading through sexual transmission from IDUs to non-injecting populations, and through perinatal transmission to newborns. Reversing the rise of HIV infections among IDUs has thus become an urgent global public health challenge—one that remains largely unmet. In response to this challenge, the Institute of Medicine convened a public workshop in Geneva in December 2005 to gather information from experts on IDU-driven HIV epidemics in the most affected regions of the world with an emphasis on countries throughout Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and significant parts of Asia. Experts from other regions also provided information on their experiences in preventing HIV infection among IDUs. This report provides a summary of the workshop discussions. Preventing HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users in High Risk Countries describes the evidence on the intermediate outcomes of drug-related risk and sex-related risk prior to examining the impact on HIV transmission. This report focuses on programs that are designed to prevent the transmission of HIV among injecting drug users. These programs range from efforts to curtail non-medical drug use to those that encourage reduction in high-risk behavior among drug users. Although the report focuses on HIV prevention for IDUs in high-risk countries, the Committee considered evidence from countries around the world. The findings and recommendations of this report are also applicable to countries where injecting drug use is not the primary driver, but in which injection drug use is nevertheless associated with significant HIV transmission. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Margie Patlak TI - Strategies for Scaling Effective Family-Focused Preventive Interventions to Promote Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18808 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18808/strategies-for-scaling-effective-family-focused-preventive-interventions-to-promote-childrens-cognitive-affective-and-behavioral-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Over the last three decades, researchers have made remarkable progress in creating and testing family-focused programs aimed at fostering the cognitive, affective, and behavioral health of children. These programs include universal interventions, such as those for expecting or new parents, and workshops for families whose children are entering adolescence, as well as programs targeted to especially challenged parents, such as low-income single teens about to have their first babies, or the parents of children with autism. Some family-focused programs have been shown to foster significantly better outcomes in children, including enhanced educational performance, and reduced rates of teen pregnancy, substance abuse, and child conduct and delinquency, as well as reduced child abuse. The favorable cost-benefit ratios of some of these programs are due, in part, to the multiple and far-ranging effects that family-focused prevention programs targeting children can have. Other family-focused programs have shown success in smaller academic studies but have not been widely applied, or have not worked as effectively or failed when applied to more diverse real-world settings. Strategies for Scaling Effective Family-Focused Preventive Interventions to Promote Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine Forum on Promoting Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health to explore effective preventive interventions for youth that can modify risk and promote protective factors that are linked to mental, emotional, and behavioral health, and how to apply this existing knowledge. Based on the 2009 report Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People, this report considers how to build a stronger research and practice base around the development and implementation of programs, practices, and policies that foster children's health and well-being across the country, while engaging multi-sectorial stakeholders. While research has advanced understanding of risk, promotive, and protective factors in families that influence the health and well-being of youth, a challenge remains to provide family-focused interventions across child and adolescent development at sufficient scale and reach to significantly reduce the incidence and prevalence of negative cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes in children and adolescents nationwide, as well as to develop widespread demand for effective programs by end users. This report explores new and innovative ways to broaden the reach and demand for effective programs and to generate alternative paradigms for strengthening families. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Robert Graham A2 - Nicole F. Kahn TI - Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes: Thriving in the 21st Century SN - DO - 10.17226/25552 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25552/promoting-positive-adolescent-health-behaviors-and-outcomes-thriving-in-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Adolescence is a critical growth period in which youth develop essential skills that prepare them for adulthood. Prevention and intervention programs are designed to meet the needs of adolescents who require additional support and promote healthy behaviors and outcomes. To ensure the success of these efforts, it is essential that they include reliably identifiable techniques, strategies, or practices that have been proven effective. Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes: Thriving in the 21st Century identifies key program factors that can improve health outcomes related to adolescent behavior and provides evidence-based recommendations toward effective implementation of federal programming initiatives. This study explores normative adolescent development, the current landscape of adolescent risk behavior, core components of effective programs focused on optimal health, and recommendations for research, programs, and policies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Sara K. Goldsmith TI - Suicide Prevention and Intervention: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10226 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10226/suicide-prevention-and-intervention-summary-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - For many, thoughts of suicide are abundant and frequent. There exists a fear of death but an even greater fear of life due to the latter's hardships. Participants of the committee on the Pathophysiology and Prevention of Adult and Adolescent Suicide of the Institute of Medicine's workshop on suicide prevention; however, believe that there is potential for better suicide prevention. Two workshops were convened by the committee: Risk Factors for Suicide, March 14, 2001 and Suicide Prevention and Intervention, May 14, 2001. The two workshops were designed to allow invited presenters to share with the committee and other workshop participants their particular expertise in suicide, and to discuss and examine the existing knowledge base. Participants of the second workshop were selected to represent many areas including: design and analysis of prevention programs, suicide contagion, and firearm availability and suicide. The committee wanted to assess the science base of suicide etiology, evaluate the current status of suicide prevention, and examine current strategies for the study of suicide. Suicide Prevention and Intervention: Summary of a Workshop summarizes the major themes that arose during the workshop. It also includes the workshop agenda and a list of speakers that were present. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - A Smarter National Surveillance System for Occupational Safety and Health in the 21st Century SN - DO - 10.17226/24835 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24835/a-smarter-national-surveillance-system-for-occupational-safety-and-health-in-the-21st-century PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Industry and Labor KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - The workplace is where 156 million working adults in the United States spend many waking hours, and it has a profound influence on health and well-being. Although some occupations and work-related activities are more hazardous than others and face higher rates of injuries, illness, disease, and fatalities, workers in all occupations face some form of work-related safety and health concerns. Understanding those risks to prevent injury, illness, or even fatal incidents is an important function of society. Occupational safety and health (OSH) surveillance provides the data and analyses needed to understand the relationships between work and injuries and illnesses in order to improve worker safety and health and prevent work-related injuries and illnesses. Information about the circumstances in which workers are injured or made ill on the job and how these patterns change over time is essential to develop effective prevention programs and target future research. The nation needs a robust OSH surveillance system to provide this critical information for informing policy development, guiding educational and regulatory activities, developing safer technologies, and enabling research and prevention strategies that serves and protects all workers. A Smarter National Surveillance System for Occupational Safety and Health in the 21st Century provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of OSH surveillance. This report is intended to be useful to federal and state agencies that have an interest in occupational safety and health, but may also be of interest broadly to employers, labor unions and other worker advocacy organizations, the workers' compensation insurance industry, as well as state epidemiologists, academic researchers, and the broader public health community. The recommendations address the strengths and weaknesses of the envisioned system relative to the status quo and both short- and long-term actions and strategies needed to bring about a progressive evolution of the current system. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Karen M. Anderson A2 - Steve Olson TI - Leveraging Culture to Address Health Inequalities: Examples from Native Communities: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18496 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18496/leveraging-culture-to-address-health-inequalities-examples-from-native-communities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Leveraging Culture to Address Health Inequalities: Examples from Native Communities is the summary of a workshop convened in November 2012 by the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity and the Elimination of Health Disparities of the Institute of Medicine. The workshop brought together more than 100 health care providers, policy makers, program administrators, researchers, and Native advocates to discuss the sizable health inequities affecting Native American, Alaska Native, First Nation, and Pacific Islander populations and the potential role of culture in helping to reduce those inequities. This report summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop and includes case studies that examine programs aimed at diabetes prevention and management and cancer prevention and treatment programs. In Native American tradition, the medicine wheel encompasses four different components of health: physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual. Health and well-being require balance within and among all four components. Thus, whether someone remains healthy depends as much on what happens around that person as on what happens within. Leveraging Culture to Address Health Inequalities addresses the broad role of culture in contributing to and ameliorating health inequities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Charles F. Wellford A2 - John V. Pepper A2 - Carol V. Petrie TI - Firearms and Violence: A Critical Review SN - DO - 10.17226/10881 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10881/firearms-and-violence-a-critical-review PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - For years proposals for gun control and the ownership of firearms have been among the most contentious issues in American politics. For public authorities to make reasonable decisions on these matters, they must take into account facts about the relationship between guns and violence as well as conflicting constitutional claims and divided public opinion. In performing these tasks, legislators need adequate data and research to judge both the effects of firearms on violence and the effects of different violence control policies. Readers of the research literature on firearms may sometimes find themselves unable to distinguish scholarship from advocacy. Given the importance of this issue, there is a pressing need for a clear and unbiased assessment of the existing portfolio of data and research. Firearms and Violence uses conventional standards of science to examine three major themes - firearms and violence, the quality of research, and the quality of data available. The book assesses the strengths and limitations of current databases, examining current research studies on firearm use and the efforts to reduce unjustified firearm use and suggests ways in which they can be improved. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - S. K. Goldsmith A2 - T. C. Pellmar A2 - A. M. Kleinman A2 - W. E. Bunney TI - Reducing Suicide: A National Imperative SN - DO - 10.17226/10398 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10398/reducing-suicide-a-national-imperative PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Every year, about 30,000 people die by suicide in the U.S., and some 650,000 receive emergency treatment after a suicide attempt. Often, those most at risk are the least able to access professional help. Reducing Suicide provides a blueprint for addressing this tragic and costly problem: how we can build an appropriate infrastructure, conduct needed research, and improve our ability to recognize suicide risk and effectively intervene. Rich in data, the book also strikes an intensely personal chord, featuring compelling quotes about people’s experience with suicide. The book explores the factors that raise a person’s risk of suicide: psychological and biological factors including substance abuse, the link between childhood trauma and later suicide, and the impact of family life, economic status, religion, and other social and cultural conditions. The authors review the effectiveness of existing interventions, including mental health practitioners’ ability to assess suicide risk among patients. They present lessons learned from the Air Force suicide prevention program and other prevention initiatives. And they identify barriers to effective research and treatment. This new volume will be of special interest to policy makers, administrators, researchers, practitioners, and journalists working in the field of mental health. ER -