%0 Book %A National Research Council %E Montgomery, Mark R. %E Stren, Richard %E Cohen, Barney %E Reed, Holly E. %T Cities Transformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World %@ 978-0-309-08862-6 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10693/cities-transformed-demographic-change-and-its-implications-in-the-developing %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10693/cities-transformed-demographic-change-and-its-implications-in-the-developing %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Industry and Labor %P 550 %X Virtually all of the growth in the world's population for the foreseeable future will take place in the cities and towns of the developing world. Over the next twenty years, most developing countries will for the first time become more urban than rural. The benefits from urbanization cannot be overlooked, but the speed and sheer scale of this transformation present many challenges. A new cast of policy makers is emerging to take up the many responsibilities of urban governance—as many national governments decentralize and devolve their functions, programs in poverty, health, education, and public services are increasingly being deposited in the hands of untested municipal and regional governments. Demographers have been surprisingly slow to devote attention to the implications of the urban transformation. Drawing from a wide variety of data sources, many of them previously inaccessible, Cities Transformed explores the implications of various urban contexts for marriage, fertility, health, schooling, and children's lives. It should be of interest to all involved in city-level research, policy, planning, and investment decisions. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Kirkendall, Nancy J. %T Using Models to Estimate Hog and Pig Inventories: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-49572-1 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25526/using-models-to-estimate-hog-and-pig-inventories-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25526/using-models-to-estimate-hog-and-pig-inventories-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Surveys and Statistics %P 110 %X In 2014, the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) engaged the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a planning committee to organize a public workshop for an expert open discussion of their then-current livestock models. The models had worked well for some time. Unfortunately beginning in 2013, an epidemic that killed baby pigs broke out in the United States. The epidemic was not fully realized until 2014 and spread to many states. The result was a decline in hog inventories and pork production that was not predicted by the models. NASS delayed the workshop until 2019 while it worked to develop models that could help in times both of equilibrium and shock (disease or disaster), as well as alternative approaches to help detect the onset of a shock. The May 15, 2019, workshop was consistent with NASS’s 2014 intention, but with a focus on a model that can help predict hog inventories over time, including during times of shock. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Smelser, Neil J. %E Mitchell, Faith %T Discouraging Terrorism: Some Implications of 9/11 %@ 978-0-309-08530-4 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10489/discouraging-terrorism-some-implications-of-911 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10489/discouraging-terrorism-some-implications-of-911 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 130 %X This report addresses the question of what terrorists hold in value. This question is posed in order to assess some means and strategies for deterring, deflecting, or preventing terrorist activities. The report approaches the question on several levels, moving from the use of short-term deterrent strategies to the modification of the broader contexts and conditions conducive to terrorist activities in the long run. The report focuses on contemporary Islamic extremist terrorism but deals with generic dimensions in many instances. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academy of Engineering %T Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2005 Symposium %@ 978-0-309-10102-8 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11577/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11577/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Space and Aeronautics %P 202 %X This volume includes 16 papers from the National Academy of Engineering's 2005 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering (USFOE) Symposium held in September 2005. USFOE meetings bring together 100 outstanding engineers (ages 30 to 45) to exchange information about leading-edge technologies in a range of engineering fields. The 2005 symposium covered four topic areas: ID and verification technologies, engineering for developing communities, engineering complex systems, and energy resources for the future. A paper by dinner speaker Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson, president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, is also included. The papers describe leading-edge research on face and human activity recognition, challenges in implementing appropriate technology projects in developing countries, complex networks, engineering bacteria for drug production, organic-based solar cells, and current status and future challenges in fuel cells, among other topics. Appendixes include information about contributors, the symposium program, and a list of meeting participants. This is the eleventh volume in the USFOE series. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Growing Populations, Changing Landscapes: Studies from India, China, and the United States %@ 978-0-309-07554-1 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10144/growing-populations-changing-landscapes-studies-from-india-china-and-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10144/growing-populations-changing-landscapes-studies-from-india-china-and-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 323 %X As the world’s population exceeds an incredible 6 billion people, governments—and scientists—everywhere are concerned about the prospects for sustainable development. The science academies of the three most populous countries have joined forces in an unprecedented effort to understand the linkage between population growth and land-use change, and its implications for the future. By examining six sites ranging from agricultural to intensely urban to areas in transition, the multinational study panel asks how population growth and consumption directly cause land-use change, and explore the general nature of the forces driving the transformations. Growing Populations, Changing Landscapes explains how disparate government policies with unintended consequences and globalization effects that link local land-use changes to consumption patterns and labor policies in distant countries can be far more influential than simple numerical population increases. Recognizing the importance of these linkages can be a significant step toward more effective environmental management. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reed, Holly E. %E Keely, Charles B. %T Forced Migration and Mortality %@ 978-0-309-07334-9 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10086/forced-migration-and-mortality %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10086/forced-migration-and-mortality %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 159 %X In recent years the number of complex humanitarian emergencies around the world has been steadily increasing. War and political, ethnic, racial, and religious strife continually force people to migrate against their will. These forced migrants create a stream of new challenges for relief workers and policy makers. A better understanding of the characteristics of refugee populations and of the population dynamics of these situations is vital. Improved research and insights can enhance disaster management, refugee camp administration, and repatriation or resettlement programs. Forced Migration and Mortality examines mortality patterns in complex human- itarian emergencies, reviewing the state of knowledge, as well as how patterns may change in the new century. It contains four case studies of mortality in recent emergencies: Rwanda, North Korea, Kosovo, and Cambodia. Because refugees and internally displaced persons are likely to continue to be a significant humanitarian concern for many years, research in this field is critical. This is the first book to comprehensively explore forced migration and mortality and it provides useful material for researchers, policy makers, and relief workers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Entwisle, Barbara %E Stern, Paul C. %T Population, Land Use, and Environment: Research Directions %@ 978-0-309-09655-3 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11439/population-land-use-and-environment-research-directions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11439/population-land-use-and-environment-research-directions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Earth Sciences %P 344 %X Population, Land Use, and Environment: Research Directions offers recommendations for future research to improve understanding of how changes in human populations affect the natural environment by means of changes in land use, such as deforestation, urban development, and development of coastal zones. It also features a set of state-of-the-art papers by leading researchers that analyze population-land useenvironment relationships in urban and rural settings in developed and underdeveloped countries and that show how remote sensing and other observational methods are being applied to these issues. This book will serve as a resource for researchers, research funders, and students. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Brass, William %E Jolly, Carole L. %T Population Dynamics of Kenya %@ 978-0-309-04943-6 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2210/population-dynamics-of-kenya %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2210/population-dynamics-of-kenya %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 200 %X This detailed examination of recent trends in fertility and mortality considers the links between those trends and the socioeconomic changes occuring during the same period. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Pison, Gilles %E Hill, Kenneth H. %E Cohen, Barney %E Foote, Karen A. %T Population Dynamics of Senegal %@ 978-0-309-05280-1 %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4900/population-dynamics-of-senegal %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4900/population-dynamics-of-senegal %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 272 %X This volume, the last in the series Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa, examines key demographic changes in Senegal over the past several decades. It analyzes the changes in fertility and their causes, with comparisons to other sub-Saharan countries. It also analyzes the causes and patterns of declines in mortality, focusing particularly on rural and urban differences. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Preparing for an Aging World: The Case for Cross-National Research %@ 978-0-309-07421-6 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10120/preparing-for-an-aging-world-the-case-for-cross-national %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10120/preparing-for-an-aging-world-the-case-for-cross-national %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 326 %X Aging is a process that encompasses virtually all aspects of life. Because the speed of population aging is accelerating, and because the data needed to study the aging process are complex and expensive to obtain, it is imperative that countries coordinate their research efforts to reap the most benefits from this important information. Preparing for an Aging World looks at the behavioral and socioeconomic aspects of aging, and focuses on work, retirement, and pensions; wealth and savings behavior; health and disability; intergenerational transfers; and concepts of well-being. It makes recommendations for a collection of new, cross-national data on aging populations—data that will allow nations to develop policies and programs for addressing the major shifts in population age structure now occurring. These efforts, if made internationally, would advance our understanding of the aging process around the world. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Ewbank, Douglas C. %E Gribble, James N. %T Effects of Health Programs on Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa %@ 978-0-309-04941-2 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2208/effects-of-health-programs-on-child-mortality-in-sub-saharan-africa %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2208/effects-of-health-programs-on-child-mortality-in-sub-saharan-africa %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 208 %X This book examines the effects of health interventions on infant and child mortality. Discussions of levels and trends of infant and child mortality and causes of death provide the background for an analysis of treatment and prevention strategies. %0 Book %T Science Priorities for the Human Dimensions of Global Change %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9175/science-priorities-for-the-human-dimensions-of-global-change %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9175/science-priorities-for-the-human-dimensions-of-global-change %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 45 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Ecological Knowledge and Environmental Problem-Solving: Concepts and Case Studies %@ 978-0-309-03645-0 %D 1986 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/645/ecological-knowledge-and-environmental-problem-solving-concepts-and-case-studies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/645/ecological-knowledge-and-environmental-problem-solving-concepts-and-case-studies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 400 %X This volume explores how the scientific tools of ecology can be used more effectively in dealing with a variety of complex environmental problems. Part I discusses the usefulness of such ecological knowledge as population dynamics and interactions, community ecology, life histories, and the impact of various materials and energy sources on the environment. Part II contains 13 original and instructive case studies pertaining to the biological side of environmental problems, which Nature described as "carefully chosen and extremely interesting." %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Foote, Karen A. %E Hill, Kenneth H. %E Martin, Linda G. %T Demographic Change in Sub-Saharan Africa %@ 978-0-309-04942-9 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2207/demographic-change-in-sub-saharan-africa %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2207/demographic-change-in-sub-saharan-africa %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 396 %X This overview includes chapters on child mortality, adult mortality, fertility, proximate determinants, marriage, internal migration, international migration, and the demographic impact of AIDS. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Recruiting Fishery Scientists: Workshop on Stock Assessment and Social Science Careers %@ 978-0-309-07308-0 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10000/recruiting-fishery-scientists-workshop-on-stock-assessment-and-social-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10000/recruiting-fishery-scientists-workshop-on-stock-assessment-and-social-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 36 %X The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) employs many fishery scientists with diverse skills. The agency finds that the supply of fishery biologists is adequate to meet most of its demand. However, increasing demands on the agency to understand fish populations and the social and economic conditions in fishing communities have created a need for additional experts in the fields of fisheries stock assessment and social sciences. NMFS has developed plans for meeting its anticipated staff needs in stock assessment and social sciences and asked the National Research Council (NRC) to convene a workshop to discuss the plans and suggest other actions the agency might take to ensure an adequate supply of experts in these fields. Approximately 30 individuals gathered in Woods Hole, Massachusetts on July 17, 2000 under the auspices of the NRC's Ocean Studies Board to discuss NMFS' plans. This document summarizes the presentations and discussions at that one-day workshop. No attempt was made to reach consensus among the participants; thus, the suggestions recorded in this summary represent the personal views of workshop participants, as summarized by NRC staff. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management %@ 978-0-309-03627-6 %D 1986 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/619/pesticide-resistance-strategies-and-tactics-for-management %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/619/pesticide-resistance-strategies-and-tactics-for-management %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 484 %X Based on a symposium sponsored by the Board on Agriculture, this comprehensive book explores the problem of pesticide resistance; suggests new approaches to monitor, control, or prevent resistance; and identifies the changes in public policy necessary to protect crops and human health from the ravages of pests. The volume synthesizes the most recent information from a wide range of disciplines, including entomology, genetics, plant pathology, biochemistry, economics, and public policy. It also suggests research avenues that would indicate how to counter future problems. A glossary provides the reader with additional guidance. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use in Sub-Saharan Africa %@ 978-0-309-04944-3 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2209/factors-affecting-contraceptive-use-in-sub-saharan-africa %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2209/factors-affecting-contraceptive-use-in-sub-saharan-africa %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 272 %X This book discusses current trends in contraceptive use, socioeconomic and program variables that affect the demand for and supply of children, and the relationship of increased contraceptive use to recent fertility declines. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Bledsoe, Caroline H. %E Cohen, Barney %T Social Dynamics of Adolescent Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa %@ 978-0-309-04897-2 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2220/social-dynamics-of-adolescent-fertility-in-sub-saharan-africa %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2220/social-dynamics-of-adolescent-fertility-in-sub-saharan-africa %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 224 %X This examination of changes in adolescent fertility emphasizes the changing social context within which adolescent childbearing takes place. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Contraception and Reproduction: Health Consequences for Women and Children in the Developing World %@ 978-0-309-04094-5 %D 1989 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1421/contraception-and-reproduction-health-consequences-for-women-and-children-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1421/contraception-and-reproduction-health-consequences-for-women-and-children-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 120 %X This book examines how changes in reproductive patterns (such as the number and timing of births and spacing between births) have affected the health of women and children in the developing world. It reviews the relationships between contraceptive use, reproductive patterns, and health; the effects of differences and changes in reproductive patterns; as well as the role of family planning in women's fertility and health. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Evaluation of the Predictive Ecological Model for the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan: An Interim Report as Part of Phase 2 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23557/evaluation-of-the-predictive-ecological-model-for-the-edwards-aquifer-habitat-conservation-plan %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23557/evaluation-of-the-predictive-ecological-model-for-the-edwards-aquifer-habitat-conservation-plan %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 32 %X An ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine is in the process of reviewing the many different scientific initiatives underway to support the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP). The Committee to Review the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan is focusing on the adequacy of information to reliably inform assessments of the HCP's scientific initiatives, ensuring that these initiatives are based on the best-available science. Relationships among proposed conservation measures (including flow protection measures and habitat protection and restoration), biological objectives (defined by the HCP as specified flow rates), and biological goals (such as maintaining populations of the endangered species) are central to the HCP, and are being evaluated during the Academies review. The study spans from 2014 to 2018 and will result in three reports. At the conclusion of Phase 1, the Committee issued its first report (NRC, 2015), which focused on hydrologic modeling, ecological modeling, water quality and biological monitoring, and the Applied Research Program. The Committee will issue its second report in late 2016 and its third and final report in 2018. This interim report is part of Phase 2 activities and will be incorporated, as an appendix, into the second report. This interim report focuses on the ecological modeling only and is being provided prior to the issuance of the second report in order for the Committee's comments (which take the form of conclusions and recommendations) to be considered while the ecological modeling team is still in place.