TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Open Science by Design: Realizing a Vision for 21st Century Research SN - DO - 10.17226/25116 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25116/open-science-by-design-realizing-a-vision-for-21st-century PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - Openness and sharing of information are fundamental to the progress of science and to the effective functioning of the research enterprise. The advent of scientific journals in the 17th century helped power the Scientific Revolution by allowing researchers to communicate across time and space, using the technologies of that era to generate reliable knowledge more quickly and efficiently. Harnessing today's stunning, ongoing advances in information technologies, the global research enterprise and its stakeholders are moving toward a new open science ecosystem. Open science aims to ensure the free availability and usability of scholarly publications, the data that result from scholarly research, and the methodologies, including code or algorithms, that were used to generate those data. Open Science by Design is aimed at overcoming barriers and moving toward open science as the default approach across the research enterprise. This report explores specific examples of open science and discusses a range of challenges, focusing on stakeholder perspectives. It is meant to provide guidance to the research enterprise and its stakeholders as they build strategies for achieving open science and take the next steps. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Assuring Data Quality at U.S. Geological Survey Laboratories SN - DO - 10.17226/25524 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25524/assuring-data-quality-at-us-geological-survey-laboratories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mission is to provide reliable and impartial scientific information to understand Earth, minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters, and manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources. Data collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination are central to everything the USGS does. Among other activities, the USGS operates some 250 laboratories across the country to analyze physical and biological samples, including water, sediment, rock, plants, invertebrates, fish, and wildlife. The data generated in the laboratories help answer pressing scientific and societal questions or support regulation, resource management, or commercial applications. At the request of the USGS, this study reviews a representative sample of USGS laboratories to examine quality management systems and other approaches for assuring the quality of laboratory results and recommends best practices and procedures for USGS laboratories. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Natalie Armstrong A2 - Carol Berkower A2 - Lyly Luhachack TI - Developing Wearable Technologies to Advance Understanding of Precision Environmental Health: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/27178 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27178/developing-wearable-technologies-to-advance-understanding-of-precision-environmental-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - The rapid proliferation of wearable devices that gather data on physical activity and physiology has become commonplace across various sectors of society. Concurrently, the development of advanced wearables and sensors capable of detecting a multitude of compounds presents new opportunities for monitoring environmental exposure risks. Wearable technologies are additionally showing promise in disease prediction, detection, and management, thereby offering potential advancements in the interdisciplinary fields of both environmental health and biomedicine. To gain insight into this burgeoning field, on June 1 and 2, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a 2-day virtual workshop titled Developing Wearable Technologies to Advance Understanding of Precision Environmental Health. Experts from government, industry, and academia convened to discuss emerging applications and the latest advances in wearable technologies. The workshop aimed to explore the potential of wearables in capturing, monitoring, and predicting environmental exposures and risks to inform precision environmental health. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kyle Cavagnini A2 - Carolyn Shore A2 - Megan Snair TI - Enhancing Public Access to the Results of Research Supported by the Department of Health and Human Services: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/27480 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27480/enhancing-public-access-to-the-results-of-research-supported-by-the-department-of-health-and-human-services PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The National Academies hosted a hybrid public workshop in Fall 2023, in Fall 2023, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, to explore approaches that U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) agencies could consider as they develop or update policies to enhance public access to the results of HHS-funded research. Workshop participants discussed how policy changes would promote equity in publication opportunities for investigators, provide ways to improve accessibility to publications by diverse communities of users, and increase findability and transparency of research results. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Leslie Pray A2 - Laura Pillsbury A2 - Emily Tomayko TI - The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/13522 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13522/the-human-microbiome-diet-and-health-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - The Food Forum convened a public workshop on February 22-23, 2012, to explore current and emerging knowledge of the human microbiome, its role in human health, its interaction with the diet, and the translation of new research findings into tools and products that improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summary summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. Over the two day workshop, several themes covered included: The microbiome is integral to human physiology, health, and disease. The microbiome is arguably the most intimate connection that humans have with their external environment, mostly through diet. Given the emerging nature of research on the microbiome, some important methodology issues might still have to be resolved with respect to undersampling and a lack of causal and mechanistic studies. Dietary interventions intended to have an impact on host biology via their impact on the microbiome are being developed, and the market for these products is seeing tremendous success. However, the current regulatory framework poses challenges to industry interest and investment. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Reproducibility and Replicability in Science SN - DO - 10.17226/25303 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25303/reproducibility-and-replicability-in-science PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Surveys and Statistics KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Ned D. Heindel A2 - Tina M. Masciangioli A2 - Eva von Schaper TI - Are Chemical Journals Too Expensive and Inaccessible?: A Workshop Summary to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable SN - DO - 10.17226/11288 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11288/are-chemical-journals-too-expensive-and-inaccessible-a-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Education AB - On October 25-26, 2005, the Chemical Sciences Roundtable held a workshop to explore issues involving those who use and contribute to chemical literature, as well as those who publish and disseminate chemical journals. As a follow-up to the workshop, a summary was written to capture the presentations and discussions that occurred during the workshop. As a forum to discuss chemistry journals within the larger context of scientific, technical and medical journal publishing, the workshop covered whether chemists and chemical engineers have unique journal needs and, if so, whether these needs are being met in the current journal publishing environment. Workshop participants also tackled how open access publishing might be applied to the chemical literature, such as to provide authors more freedom to distribute their articles after publication and allowing free access to chemical literature archives. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Attributes of a First-in-Class Environmental Program: A Letter Report Prepared for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management SN - DO - 10.17226/26368 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26368/attributes-of-a-first-in-class-environmental-program-a-letter PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Energy and Energy Conservation KW - Earth Sciences AB - The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) manages the energy and mineral resources on the outer continental shelf. BOEM's environmental program, by producing environmental studies and conducting environmental assessments, ensures that environmental protection is a critical element of BOEM's decision making. This report addresses BOEM's aspirations to conduct a first-in-class science program within their Environmental Studies Program (ESP). This report describes attributes identified by the committee of a first-in-class, use-inspired, management-oriented science program (in this case, BOEM's ESP and its connection to the broader BOEM environmental program). The report recommends that BOEM develop procedures and conduct regular evaluations to assess whether and how well its environmental program meets the attributes of a first-in-class program and identify areas for improvement. It also outlines a framework for conducting such an evaluation. The report contains guidance and examples drawn from a workshop series with BOEM's peer agencies and other science programs, as well as other information gathering efforts. The guidance contained in this report is offered to BOEM as a starting point for developing more detailed processes for evaluating and improving its program. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Eileen R. Choffnes A2 - LeighAnne Olsen A2 - Theresa Wizemann TI - The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18261 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18261/the-science-and-applications-of-microbial-genomics-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - Health and Medicine KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Over the past several decades, new scientific tools and approaches for detecting microbial species have dramatically enhanced our appreciation of the diversity and abundance of the microbiota and its dynamic interactions with the environments within which these microorganisms reside. The first bacterial genome was sequenced in 1995 and took more than 13 months of work to complete. Today, a microorganism's entire genome can be sequenced in a few days. Much as our view of the cosmos was forever altered in the 17th century with the invention of the telescope, these genomic technologies, and the observations derived from them, have fundamentally transformed our appreciation of the microbial world around us. On June 12 and 13, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to discuss the scientific tools and approaches being used for detecting and characterizing microbial species, and the roles of microbial genomics and metagenomics to better understand the culturable and unculturable microbial world around us. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants examined the use of microbial genomics to explore the diversity, evolution, and adaptation of microorganisms in a wide variety of environments; the molecular mechanisms of disease emergence and epidemiology; and the ways that genomic technologies are being applied to disease outbreak trace back and microbial surveillance. Points that were emphasized by many participants included the need to develop robust standardized sampling protocols, the importance of having the appropriate metadata, data analysis and data management challenges, and information sharing in real time. The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics summarizes this workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences A2 - Steve Olson TI - The Science of Science Communication III: Inspiring Novel Collaborations and Building Capacity: Proceedings of a Colloquium SN - DO - 10.17226/24958 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24958/the-science-of-science-communication-iii-inspiring-novel-collaborations-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - Successful scientists must be effective communicators within their professions. Without those skills, they could not write papers and funding proposals, give talks and field questions, or teach classes and mentor students. However, communicating with audiences outside their profession - people who may not share scientists' interests, technical background, cultural assumptions, and modes of expression - presents different challenges and requires additional skills. Communication about science in political or social settings differs from discourse within a scientific discipline. Not only are scientists just one of many stakeholders vying for access to the public agenda, but the political debates surrounding science and its applications may sometimes confront scientists with unfamiliar and uncomfortable discussions involving religious values, partisan interests, and even the trustworthiness of science. The Science of Science Communication III: Inspiring Novel Collaborations and Building Capacity summarizes the presentations and discussions from a Sackler Colloquium convened in November 2017. This event used Communicating Science Effectively as a framework for examining how one might apply its lessons to research and practice. It considered opportunities for creating and applying the science along with the barriers to doing so, such as the incentive systems in academic institutions and the perils of communicating science in polarized environments. Special attention was given to the organization and infrastructure necessary for building capacity in science communication. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Report of the Committee on Proposal Evaluation for Allocation of Supercomputing Time for the Study of Molecular Dynamics: Fourth Round SN - DO - 10.17226/18503 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18503/report-of-the-committee-on-proposal-evaluation-for-allocation-of-supercomputing-time-for-the-study-of-molecular-dynamics PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - AB - This letter report evaluates proposals for allocation of time to the non-commercial research community on Anton, a supercomputer specially designed and built by D.E. Shaw Research (DESRES) that allows for dramatically increased molecular dynamics simulations compared to other currently available resources. Over the past three years (October 1, 2010 – September 30, 2013), DESRES has made available to the non-commercial research community node-hours on an Anton system housed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), based on the advice of previous National Research Council committees convened in 2010, 2011, and 2012. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - David A. Relman A2 - Margaret A. Hamburg A2 - Eileen R. Choffnes A2 - Alison Mack TI - Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation: A Tribute to the Life and Scientific Legacies of Joshua Lederberg: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/12586 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12586/microbial-evolution-and-co-adaptation-a-tribute-to-the-life PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Dr. Joshua Lederberg - scientist, Nobel laureate, visionary thinker, and friend of the Forum on Microbial Threats - died on February 2, 2008. It was in his honor that the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop on May 20-21, 2008, to examine Dr. Lederberg's scientific and policy contributions to the marketplace of ideas in the life sciences, medicine, and public policy. The resulting workshop summary, Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation, demonstrates the extent to which conceptual and technological developments have, within a few short years, advanced our collective understanding of the microbiome, microbial genetics, microbial communities, and microbe-host-environment interactions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Siobhan Addie A2 - Meredith Hackmann A2 - Lydia Teferra A2 - Anna Nicholson A2 - Sarah H. Beachy TI - Applying Systems Thinking to Regenerative Medicine: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26025 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26025/applying-systems-thinking-to-regenerative-medicine-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Regenerative medicine products, which are intended to repair or replace damaged cells or tissues in the body, include a range of therapeutic approaches such as cell- and gene-based therapies, engineered tissues, and non-biologic constructs. The current approach to characterizing the quality of a regenerative medicine product and the manufacturing process often involves measuring as many endpoints as possible, but this approach has proved to be inadequate and unsustainable. The Forum on Regenerative Medicine of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened experts across disciplines for a 2-day virtual public workshop to explore systems thinking approaches and how they may be applied to support the identification of relevant quality attributes that can help in the optimization of manufacturing and streamline regulatory processes for regenerative medicine. A broad array of stakeholders, including data scientists, physical scientists, industry researchers, regulatory officials, clinicians, and patient representatives, discussed new advances in data acquisition, data analysis and theoretical frameworks, and how systems approaches can be applied to the development of regenerative medicine products that can address the unmet needs of patients. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Eileen R. Choffnes A2 - Alison Mack TI - The Influence of Global Environmental Change on Infectious Disease Dynamics: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18800 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18800/the-influence-of-global-environmental-change-on-infectious-disease-dynamics PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The twentieth century witnessed an era of unprecedented, large-scale, anthropogenic changes to the natural environment. Understanding how environmental factors directly and indirectly affect the emergence and spread of infectious disease has assumed global importance for life on this planet. While the causal links between environmental change and disease emergence are complex, progress in understanding these links, as well as how their impacts may vary across space and time, will require transdisciplinary, transnational, collaborative research. This research may draw upon the expertise, tools, and approaches from a variety of disciplines. Such research may inform improvements in global readiness and capacity for surveillance, detection, and response to emerging microbial threats to plant, animal, and human health. The Influence of Global Environmental Change on Infectious Disease Dynamics is the summary of a workshop hosted by the Institute of Medicine Forum on Microbial Threats in September 2013 to explore the scientific and policy implications of the impacts of global environmental change on infectious disease emergence, establishment, and spread. This report examines the observed and potential influence of environmental factors, acting both individually and in synergy, on infectious disease dynamics. The report considers a range of approaches to improve global readiness and capacity for surveillance, detection, and response to emerging microbial threats to plant, animal, and human health in the face of ongoing global environmental change. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs SN - DO - 10.17226/25279 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25279/a-research-review-of-interventions-to-increase-the-persistence-and-resilience-of-coral-reefs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Coral reef declines have been recorded for all major tropical ocean basins since the 1980s, averaging approximately 30-50% reductions in reef cover globally. These losses are a result of numerous problems, including habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, disease, and climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions and the associated increases in ocean temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations have been implicated in increased reports of coral bleaching, disease outbreaks, and ocean acidification (OA). For the hundreds of millions of people who depend on reefs for food or livelihoods, the thousands of communities that depend on reefs for wave protection, the people whose cultural practices are tied to reef resources, and the many economies that depend on reefs for fisheries or tourism, the health and maintenance of this major global ecosystem is crucial. A growing body of research on coral physiology, ecology, molecular biology, and responses to stress has revealed potential tools to increase coral resilience. Some of this knowledge is poised to provide practical interventions in the short-term, whereas other discoveries are poised to facilitate research that may later open the doors to additional interventions. A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs reviews the state of science on genetic, ecological, and environmental interventions meant to enhance the persistence and resilience of coral reefs. The complex nature of corals and their associated microbiome lends itself to a wide range of possible approaches. This first report provides a summary of currently available information on the range of interventions present in the scientific literature and provides a basis for the forthcoming final report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Elizabeth Boyle TI - Feasibility of Addressing Environmental Exposure Questions Using Department of Defense Biorepositories: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/25287 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25287/feasibility-of-addressing-environmental-exposure-questions-using-department-of-defense-biorepositories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The past decade has seen advancements in methods for measuring environmental exposures in biological specimens, such as blood or tissue. Chemicals can now be measured more accurately and with smaller volumes of specimens. Biorepositories that store many biospecimens are maintained by the Department of Defense (DoD) for medical purposes. To help determine the feasibility of using these biorepositories to conduct research on environmental and occupational exposures experienced by servicemembers, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a two-day workshop in June 2018. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2019 Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/25620 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25620/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - This volume of Frontiers of Engineering presents papers on the topics covered at the National Academy of Engineering’s 2019 US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium, hosted by Boeing in North Charleston, South Carolina, September 25-27. At the annual 2 1/2-day event, 100 of this country's best and brightest early-career engineers - from academia, industry, and government and a variety of engineering disciplines - learn from their peers about pioneering work in different areas of engineering. Frontiers of Engineering conveys the excitement of this unique meeting and highlights innovative developments in engineering research and technical work. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Genomic Epidemiology Data Infrastructure Needs for SARS-CoV-2: Modernizing Pandemic Response Strategies SN - DO - 10.17226/25879 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25879/genomic-epidemiology-data-infrastructure-needs-for-sars-cov-2-modernizing PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In December 2019, new cases of severe pneumonia were first detected in Wuhan, China, and the cause was determined to be a novel beta coronavirus related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus that emerged from a bat reservoir in 2002. Within six months, this new virus—SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—has spread worldwide, infecting at least 10 million people with an estimated 500,000 deaths. COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO) and a pandemic on March 11, 2020. To date, there is no approved effective treatment or vaccine for COVID-19, and it continues to spread in many countries. Genomic Epidemiology Data Infrastructure Needs for SARS-CoV-2: Modernizing Pandemic Response Strategies lays out a framework to define and describe the data needs for a system to track and correlate viral genome sequences with clinical and epidemiological data. Such a system would help ensure the integration of data on viral evolution with detection, diagnostic, and countermeasure efforts. This report also explores data collection mechanisms to ensure a representative global sample set of all relevant extant sequences and considers challenges and opportunities for coordination across existing domestic, global, and regional data sources. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Evaluating COVID-19-Related Surveillance Measures for Decision-Making DO - 10.17226/26578 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26578/evaluating-covid-19-related-surveillance-measures-for-decision-making PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - As the COVID-19 pandemic has continued to evolve, the types of data available have changed with the identification of new variants, the availability of COVID-19 vaccines, the introduction of new COVID-19 therapeutics, the reopening of the economy, and the relaxing of mitigation measures. Enhanced understanding of these data types can lead to more informed decisions. The latest guidance from the Societal Experts Action Network (SEAN) highlights new and updated COVID-19 data measures and surveillance strategies that decision makers can use to inform policy decisions. This rapid expert consultation was produced by SEAN, an activity of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. SEAN links researchers in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences with decision makers to respond to policy questions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. This project is a collaboration with the National Academies' Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats, which is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Teresa J. Sylvina TI - Animal Welfare Challenges in Research and Education on Wildlife, Non-Model Animal Species and Biodiversity: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26614 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26614/animal-welfare-challenges-in-research-and-education-on-wildlife-non-model-animal-species-and-biodiversity PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences AB - Research to advance understanding of the ecology and biology of wildlife species is more important than ever as the world confronts issues ranging from biodiversity loss to the emergence of zoonotic diseases. However, the current understanding of animal welfare in research and education has been based on laboratory work with specific domesticated species. Wildlife research represents a starkly different context and with different implications for animal welfare. Wild species that are the subject of research have extremely diverse physiologies and behaviors and live in diverse habitats. This makes it challenging and sometimes impossible for wildlife researchers to follow the recommendations outlined in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NRC 2011) and other guidelines developed for a laboratory-based, biomedically focused research context. To explore issues associated with the unique welfare considerations of wildlife research, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (under the auspices of the Roundtable on Science and Animal Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use), hosted a workshop titled Discussing and Understanding Animal Welfare Challenges in Research and Education on Wildlife, Non-Model Animal Species, and Biodiversity on February 9-10, 2022. The event, held virtually, included pre-recorded presentations and overarching discussions to explore this topic in breadth and depth. More than 1,800 participants from academia, industry, government, and nonprofit organizations joined the webcast. This proceedings summarizes key topics covered in the workshop presentations and discussions based on transcripts, recordings, and slides from the event. ER -