%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Berwick, Donald %E Bowman, Katherine %E Matney, Chanel %T Traumatic Brain Injury: A Roadmap for Accelerating Progress %@ 978-0-309-49043-6 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25394/traumatic-brain-injury-a-roadmap-for-accelerating-progress %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25394/traumatic-brain-injury-a-roadmap-for-accelerating-progress %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 244 %X Every community is affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Causes as diverse as falls, sports injuries, vehicle collisions, domestic violence, and military incidents can result in injuries across a spectrum of severity and age groups. Just as the many causes of TBI and the people who experience it are diverse, so too are the physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes that can occur following injury. The overall TBI ecosystem is not limited to healthcare and research, but includes the related systems that administer and finance healthcare, accredit care facilities, and provide regulatory approval and oversight of products and therapies. TBI also intersects with the wide range of community organizations and institutions in which people return to learning, work, and play, including the education system, work environments, professional and amateur sports associations, the criminal justice system, and others. Traumatic Brain Injury: A Roadmap for Accelerating Progress examines the current landscape of basic, translational, and clinical TBI research and identifies gaps and opportunities to accelerate research progress and improve care with a focus on the biological, psychological, sociological, and ecological impacts. This report calls not merely for improvement, but for a transformation of attitudes, understanding, investments, and care systems for TBI. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Forstag, Erin Hammers %E Shore, Carolyn %T Drug Research and Development for Adults Across the Older Age Span: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-68568-9 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25998/drug-research-and-development-for-adults-across-the-older-age-span %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25998/drug-research-and-development-for-adults-across-the-older-age-span %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 142 %X There is a void in evidence-based information for making informed decisions on how to optimize care for older adults, particularly those 80 years and over. Because older adults are vastly underrepresented in clinical trials, there is a dearth of information about the appropriate use of drugs in this population. Yet older adults have higher rates of comorbidities and simultaneous use of multiple medications than the general population, and are the majority users of many medications. Additionally, age-related physiological and pathological changes, particularly for adults 80 years of age and older, can lead to significant differences in the pharmacokinetics (PK)2 and pharmacodynamics (PD)3 of a given drug compared to the general population. On August 5 and 6, 2020, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop titled Drug Research and Development for Adults Across the Older Age Span. The workshop was designed to examine the challenges and opportunities in drug research and development for older adult populations, explore barriers that impede safety and efficacy studies in these populations, and share lessons learned for better understanding clinical pharmacology for populations over age 65. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Ball, John R. %E Evans, Charles H., Jr. %T Safe Passage: Astronaut Care for Exploration Missions %@ 978-0-309-07585-5 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10218/safe-passage-astronaut-care-for-exploration-missions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10218/safe-passage-astronaut-care-for-exploration-missions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 317 %X Safe Passage: Astronaut Care for Exploration Missions sets forth a vision for space medicine as it applies to deep space voyage. As space missions increase in duration from months to years and extend well beyond Earth's orbit, so will the attendant risks of working in these extreme and isolated environmental conditions. Hazards to astronaut health range from greater radiation exposure and loss of bone and muscle density to intensified psychological stress from living with others in a confined space. Going beyond the body of biomedical research, the report examines existing space medicine clinical and behavioral research and health care data and the policies attendant to them. It describes why not enough is known today about the dangers of prolonged travel to enable humans to venture into deep space in a safe and sane manner. The report makes a number of recommendations concerning NASA's structure for clinical and behavioral research, on the need for a comprehensive astronaut health care system and on an approach to communicating health and safety risks to astronauts, their families, and the public. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guidelines for Developing Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Space Station Contaminants %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21636/guidelines-for-developing-spacecraft-maximum-allowable-concentrations-for-space-station-contaminants %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21636/guidelines-for-developing-spacecraft-maximum-allowable-concentrations-for-space-station-contaminants %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Space and Aeronautics %P 129 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interactions in the Elderly and Special Issues in Elderly African-American Populations: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-05892-6 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5854/pharmacokinetics-and-drug-interactions-in-the-elderly-and-special-issues-in-elderly-african-american-populations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5854/pharmacokinetics-and-drug-interactions-in-the-elderly-and-special-issues-in-elderly-african-american-populations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 56 %X Reports in the popular press about the increasing longevity of Americans and the aging of the baby boom generation are constant reminders that the American population is becoming older. Consequently, an issue of growing medical, health policy, and social concern is the appropriate and rational use of medications by the elderly. Although becoming older does not necessarily correlate with increasing illness, aging is associated with anatomical and physiological changes that affect how medications are metabolized by the body. Furthermore, aging is often related to an increased frequency of chronic illness (often combined with multiple health problems) and an increased use of medications. Thus, a better understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs; of the physiologic responses to those medications; as well as of the interactions among multiple medications is crucial for improving the health of older people. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Shelton-Davenport, Marilee %E Bowman, Katherine %E Sharples, Frances %T Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25621/strategies-for-identifying-and-addressing-vulnerabilities-posed-by-synthetic-biology %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25621/strategies-for-identifying-and-addressing-vulnerabilities-posed-by-synthetic-biology %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 6 %X In June 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine released the report Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology. The report was prepared for the Department of Defense (DOD), specifically for the office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense. The study process for the June 2018 report was conducted without access to any classified information and the report underwent security review prior to being publicly released as an unclassified document. Several months following the release of the report, a workshop with unclassified and closed discussions was held on October 11-12, 2018. The purpose of the workshop was to convene federal agency personnel and the report committee to explore the report and its implications for what steps DOD might explore to develop options to mitigate potential misuse of synthetic biology capabilities. This publication provides unclassified highlights from both the unclassified and closed workshop discussions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century %@ 978-0-309-06047-9 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6282/a-strategy-for-research-in-space-biology-and-medicine-in-the-new-century %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6282/a-strategy-for-research-in-space-biology-and-medicine-in-the-new-century %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 296 %X Construction of the international space station, scheduled to start in late 1998, ushers in a new era for laboratory sciences in space. This is especially true for space life sciences, which include not only the use of low gravity as an experimental parameter to study fundamental biological processes but also the study of the serious physiological changes that occur in astronauts as they remain in space for increasingly longer missions. This book addresses both of these aspects and provides a comprehensive review of ground-based and space research in eleven disciplines, ranging from bone physiology to plant biology. It also offers detailed, prioritized recommendations for research during the next decade, which are expected to have a considerable impact on the direction of NASA's research program. The volume is also a valuable reference tool for space and life scientists. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Chauvin, Cherie %T Threatening Communications and Behavior: Perspectives on the Pursuit of Public Figures %@ 978-0-309-18670-4 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13091/threatening-communications-and-behavior-perspectives-on-the-pursuit-of-public %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13091/threatening-communications-and-behavior-perspectives-on-the-pursuit-of-public %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 116 %X Today's world of rapid social, technological, and behavioral change provides new opportunities for communications with few limitations of time and space. Through these communications, people leave behind an ever-growing collection of traces of their daily activities, including digital footprints provided by text, voice, and other modes of communication. Meanwhile, new techniques for aggregating and evaluating diverse and multimodal information sources are available to security services that must reliably identify communications indicating a high likelihood of future violence. In the context of this changed and changing world of communications and behavior, the Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences of the National Research Council presents this volume of three papers as one portion of the vast subject of threatening communications and behavior. The papers review the behavioral and social sciences research on the likelihood that someone who engages in abnormal and/or threatening communications will actually then try to do harm. The focus is on how the scientific knowledge can inform and advance future research on threat assessments, in part by considering the approaches and techniques used to analyze communications and behavior in the dynamic context of today's world. The papers in the collection were written within the context of protecting high-profile public figures from potential attach or harm. The research, however, is broadly applicable to U.S. national security including potential applications for analysis of communications from leaders of hostile nations and public threats from terrorist groups. This work highlights the complex psychology of threatening communications and behavior, and it offers knowledge and perspectives from multiple domains that contribute to a deeper understanding of the value of communications in predicting and preventing violent behaviors. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Review of NASA's Space Flight Health Standards: Letter Report %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11862/review-of-nasas-space-flight-health-standards-letter-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11862/review-of-nasas-space-flight-health-standards-letter-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 14 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %T Global Harmonization of Methodological Approaches to Nutrient Intake Recommendations: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24989/global-harmonization-of-methodological-approaches-to-nutrient-intake-recommendations-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24989/global-harmonization-of-methodological-approaches-to-nutrient-intake-recommendations-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 9 %X The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in partnership with the Department of Nutrition for Health and Development of the World Health Organization and the Nutrition Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, convened a workshop to explore the evidence for achieving global harmonization of methodological approaches to establishing nutrient intake recommendations in September 2017. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques %@ 978-0-309-09130-5 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10998/existing-and-potential-standoff-explosives-detection-techniques %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10998/existing-and-potential-standoff-explosives-detection-techniques %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 148 %X Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques examines the scientific techniques currently used as the basis for explosives detection and determines whether other techniques might provide promising research avenues with possible pathways to new detection protocols. This report describe the characteristics of explosives, bombs, and their components that are or might be used to provide a signature for exploitation in detection technology; considers scientific techniques for exploiting these characteristics to detect explosives and explosive devices; discusses the potential for integrating such techniques into detection systems that would have sufficient sensitivity without an unacceptable false-positive rate; and proposes areas for research that might be expected to yield significant advances in practical explosives and bomb detection technology in the near, mid, and long term. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Winters, Tina %T Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: Experience and Caregiving, Epidemiology, and Models of Care: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25694/alzheimers-disease-and-related-dementias-experience-and-caregiving-epidemiology-and-models-of-care %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25694/alzheimers-disease-and-related-dementias-experience-and-caregiving-epidemiology-and-models-of-care %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X On August 14, 2019, the Committee on Developing a Behavioral and Social Science Research Agenda on Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias convened a public workshop in Washington, D.C., as part of the study "Developing a Behavioral and Social Science Research Agenda on Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias." As the first public event of the study, the workshop was designed to inform the public about the study and to gather information on how dementia affects individuals, families, and communities; the epidemiology of dementia; and how best to provide care to individuals with dementia. To achieve these goals, the workshop included four panel discussions: sponsors' perspectives on the study; perspectives from individuals living with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias and caregivers; epidemiological perspectives; and a discussion on models of care initiatives. This Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief summarizes the key points made by the participants. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Flaubert, Jennifer Lalitha %E Lustig, Tracy %E Snair, Megan %T Advancing Diagnostic Excellence for Older Adults: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26789/advancing-diagnostic-excellence-for-older-adults-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26789/advancing-diagnostic-excellence-for-older-adults-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X To examine the current state of the science and research opportunities for improving diagnosis in older adults within the U.S. health care system, the Board on Health Care Services of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a hybrid workshop on July 21, 2022. The workshop highlighted unique challenges faced in achieving diagnostic excellence for older adults, opportunities and obstacles to improving diagnosis, and strategies and interventions to promote diagnostic excellence across the care continuum. This workshop was the fifth in a series on diagnostic excellence funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, with additional funding provided for this specific workshop by The John A. Hartford Foundation. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Research for a Future in Space: The Role of Life and Physical Sciences %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13450/research-for-a-future-in-space-the-role-of-life %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13450/research-for-a-future-in-space-the-role-of-life %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 32 %X During its more than 50-year history, NASA's success in human space exploration has depended on the agency's ability to effectively address a wide range of biomedical, engineering, physical sciences, and related obstacles. This achievement is made possible by NASA's strong and productive commitments to life and physical sciences research for human space exploration, and by its use of human space exploration infrastructures for scientific discovery. Research for a Future in Space: The Role of Life and Physical Sciences explains how unique characteristics of the space environment can be used to address complex problems in the life and physical sciences. This booklet also helps deliver both new knowledge and practical benefits for humankind as it embarks on a new era of space exploration. Research for a Future in Space: The Role of Life and Physical Sciences is based on the in depth report, Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration: Life and Physical Sciences Research for a New Era. To learn more about the future of space exploration, visit our catalog page and download this report for free. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Volume 2 %@ 978-0-309-05478-2 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5170/spacecraft-maximum-allowable-concentrations-for-selected-airborne-contaminants-volume-2 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5170/spacecraft-maximum-allowable-concentrations-for-selected-airborne-contaminants-volume-2 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 408 %X The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has developed spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations (SMACs) for contaminants that might be found in the atmosphere within spacecraft during space missions to ensure the health and well-being of astronauts traveling and working in this unique environment. In volume 1 of this series, NASA developed SMACs for 11 compounds: acetaldehyde, ammonia, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, Freon 113, hydrogen, methane, methanol, octamethyltrisiloxane, trimethylsilanol, and vinyl chloride. Volume 2 includes SMACs for 12 more airborne contaminants: acrolein, benzene, carbon dioxide, 2-ethoxyethanol, hydrazine, indole, mercury, methylene chloride, methyl ethyl ketone, nitromethane, 2-propoanol, and toluene. In developing SMACs from the toxicological literature, NASA followed the Guidelines for Developing Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Space Station Contaminants published in 1992 by the National Research Council. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals %@ 978-0-309-10110-3 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11557/guidelines-for-the-humane-transportation-of-research-animals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11557/guidelines-for-the-humane-transportation-of-research-animals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 164 %X Arranging the transportation of animals at research facilities is often an ordeal. There is a confusing patchwork of local, national, and international regulations; a perceived lack of high-quality shipping services; a dearth of science-based good practices; and a lack of biosafety standards. It’s a challenge —and an impediment to biomedical research. Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals identifies the current problems encountered in the transportation of research animals and offers recommendations aimed at local and federal officials to rectify these problems. This book also includes a set of good practices based on the extensive body of literature on transportation of agricultural animals, universal concepts of physiology, and a scientific understanding of species-specific needs and differences. Good practices were developed by the committee to address thermal environment, space requirements, food and water requirements, social interaction, monitoring of transportation, emergency procedures, personnel training, and biosecurity. Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals is an essential guide for all researchers, animal care technicians, facilities managers, administrators, and animal care and use committees at research institutions. %0 Book %T Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Volume 1 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9062/spacecraft-maximum-allowable-concentrations-for-selected-airborne-contaminants-volume-1 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9062/spacecraft-maximum-allowable-concentrations-for-selected-airborne-contaminants-volume-1 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 393 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Research Priorities for Assessing Health Effects from the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill: A Letter Report %@ 978-0-309-16312-5 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13036/research-priorities-for-assessing-health-effects-from-the-gulf-of-mexico-oil-spill %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13036/research-priorities-for-assessing-health-effects-from-the-gulf-of-mexico-oil-spill %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 28 %X It is as yet uncertain how the Gulf of Mexico oil spill will affect the health of clean-up workers and volunteers, residents, and visitors in the Gulf. The IOM recommends that the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services focus on researching psychological and behavioral health, exposure information to oil and dispersants, seafood safety, communication methods for health studies, and methods for conducting research in order to better understand and mitigate the effects on human health for this oil spill and for future disasters. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %A National Research Council %T Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society %@ 978-0-309-07532-9 %D 1966 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9978/accidental-death-and-disability-the-neglected-disease-of-modern-society %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9978/accidental-death-and-disability-the-neglected-disease-of-modern-society %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 39 %0 Book %T The National Research Council's Committee on Toxicology: The First 50 Years 1947-1997 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9487/the-national-research-councils-committee-on-toxicology-the-first-50 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9487/the-national-research-councils-committee-on-toxicology-the-first-50 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 39