%0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %E Berreby, David %T From Research to Reward: Weather Warning: How Physics, Data, and Computers Combine to Make Better Prediction Possible %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25515/from-research-to-reward-weather-warning-how-physics-data-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25515/from-research-to-reward-weather-warning-how-physics-data-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Explore Science %K Policy for Science and Technology %K %P 4 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Automated Research Workflows for Accelerated Discovery: Closing the Knowledge Discovery Loop %@ 978-0-309-68652-5 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26532/automated-research-workflows-for-accelerated-discovery-closing-the-knowledge-discovery %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26532/automated-research-workflows-for-accelerated-discovery-closing-the-knowledge-discovery %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 136 %X The needs and demands placed on science to address a range of urgent problems are growing. The world is faced with complex, interrelated challenges in which the way forward lies hidden or dispersed across disciplines and organizations. For centuries, scientific research has progressed through iteration of a workflow built on experimentation or observation and analysis of the resulting data. While computers and automation technologies have played a central role in research workflows for decades to acquire, process, and analyze data, these same computing and automation technologies can now also control the acquisition of data, for example, through the design of new experiments or decision making about new observations. The term automated research workflow (ARW) describes scientific research processes that are emerging across a variety of disciplines and fields. ARWs integrate computation, laboratory automation, and tools from artificial intelligence in the performance of tasks that make up the research process, such as designing experiments, observations, and simulations; collecting and analyzing data; and learning from the results to inform further experiments, observations, and simulations. The common goal of researchers implementing ARWs is to accelerate scientific knowledge generation, potentially by orders of magnitude, while achieving greater control and reproducibility in the scientific process. Automated Research Workflows for Accelerated Discovery: Closing the Knowledge Discovery Loop examines current efforts to develop advanced and automated workflows to accelerate research progress, including wider use of artificial intelligence. This report identifies research needs and priorities in the use of advanced and automated workflows for scientific research. Automated Research Workflows for Accelerated Discovery is intended to create awareness, momentum, and synergies to realize the potential of ARWs in scholarly discovery. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Statistical Analysis of Massive Data Streams: Proceedings of a Workshop %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11098/statistical-analysis-of-massive-data-streams-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11098/statistical-analysis-of-massive-data-streams-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Surveys and Statistics %P 395 %X Massive data streams, large quantities of data that arrive continuously, are becoming increasingly commonplace in many areas of science and technology. Consequently development of analytical methods for such streams is of growing importance. To address this issue, the National Security Agency asked the NRC to hold a workshop to explore methods for analysis of streams of data so as to stimulate progress in the field. This report presents the results of that workshop. It provides presentations that focused on five different research areas where massive data streams are present: atmospheric and meteorological data; high-energy physics; integrated data systems; network traffic; and mining commercial data streams. The goals of the report are to improve communication among researchers in the field and to increase relevant statistical science activity. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A National Research Council %T International Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics, Chemistry and Technology %D 1930 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20230/international-critical-tables-of-numerical-data-physics-chemistry-and-technology %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20230/international-critical-tables-of-numerical-data-physics-chemistry-and-technology %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 49 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Communicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age %@ 978-0-309-22209-9 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13282/communicating-science-and-engineering-data-in-the-information-age %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13282/communicating-science-and-engineering-data-in-the-information-age %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Surveys and Statistics %P 122 %X The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) communicates its science and engineering (S&E) information to data users in a very fluid environment that is undergoing modernization at a pace at which data producer dissemination practices, protocols, and technologies, on one hand, and user demands and capabilities, on the other, are changing faster than the agency has been able to accommodate. NCSES asked the Committee on National Statistics and the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council to form a panel to review the NCSES communication and dissemination program that is concerned with the collection and distribution of information on science and engineering and to recommend future directions for the program. Communicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age includes recommendations to improve NCSES's dissemination program and improve data user engagement. This report includes recommendations such as NCSES's transition to a dissemination framework that emphasizes database management rather than data presentation, and that NCSES analyze the results of its initial online consumer survey and refine it over time. The implementation of the report's recommendations should be undertaken within an overall framework that accords priority to the basic quality of the data and the fundamentals of dissemination, then to significant enhancements that are achievable in the short term, while laying the groundwork for other long-term improvements. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Safe Science: Promoting a Culture of Safety in Academic Chemical Research %@ 978-0-309-30091-9 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18706/safe-science-promoting-a-culture-of-safety-in-academic-chemical %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18706/safe-science-promoting-a-culture-of-safety-in-academic-chemical %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 128 %X Recent serious and sometimes fatal accidents in chemical research laboratories at United States universities have driven government agencies, professional societies, industries, and universities themselves to examine the culture of safety in research laboratories. These incidents have triggered a broader discussion of how serious incidents can be prevented in the future and how best to train researchers and emergency personnel to respond appropriately when incidents do occur. As the priority placed on safety increases, many institutions have expressed a desire to go beyond simple compliance with regulations to work toward fostering a strong, positive safety culture: affirming a constant commitment to safety throughout their institutions, while integrating safety as an essential element in the daily work of laboratory researchers. Safe Science takes on this challenge. This report examines the culture of safety in research institutions and makes recommendations for university leadership, laboratory researchers, and environmental health and safety professionals to support safety as a core value of their institutions. The report discusses ways to fulfill that commitment through prioritizing funding for safety equipment and training, as well as making safety an ongoing operational priority. A strong, positive safety culture arises not because of a set of rules but because of a constant commitment to safety throughout an organization. Such a culture supports the free exchange of safety information, emphasizes learning and improvement, and assigns greater importance to solving problems than to placing blame. High importance is assigned to safety at all times, not just when it is convenient or does not threaten personal or institutional productivity goals. Safe Science will be a guide to make the changes needed at all levels to protect students, researchers, and staff. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Matchett, Karin %T Seeking Solutions: Maximizing American Talent by Advancing Women of Color in Academia: Summary of a Conference %@ 978-0-309-29591-8 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18556/seeking-solutions-maximizing-american-talent-by-advancing-women-of-color %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18556/seeking-solutions-maximizing-american-talent-by-advancing-women-of-color %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 292 %X Seeking Solutions: Maximizing American Talent by Advancing Women of Color in Academia is the summary of a 2013 conference convened by the Committee on Women in Science, Engineering and Medicine of the National Research Council to discuss the current status of women of color in academia and explore the challenges and successful initiatives for creating the institutional changes required to increase representation of women of color at all levels of the academic workforce. While the number of women, including minority women, pursuing higher education in science, engineering and medicine has grown, the number of minority women faculty in all institutions of higher education has remained small and has grown less rapidly than the numbers of nonminority women or minority men. Seeking Solutions reviews the existing research on education and academic career patterns for minority women in science, engineering, and medicine to enhance understanding of the barriers and challenges to the full participation of all minority women in STEM disciplines and academic careers. Additionally, this report identifies reliable and credible data source and data gaps, as well as key aspects of exemplary policies and programs that are effective in enhancing minority women's participation in faculty ranks. Success in academia is predicated on many factors and is not solely a function of talent. Seeking Solutions elucidates those other factors and highlights ways that institutions and the individuals working there can take action to create institutional cultures hospitable to people of any gender, race, and ethnicity. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Frontiers of Materials Research: A Decadal Survey %@ 978-0-309-48387-2 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25244/frontiers-of-materials-research-a-decadal-survey %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25244/frontiers-of-materials-research-a-decadal-survey %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 294 %X Modern materials science builds on knowledge from physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, computer and data science, and engineering sciences to enable us to understand, control, and expand the material world. Although it is anchored in inquiry-based fundamental science, materials research is strongly focused on discovering and producing reliable and economically viable materials, from super alloys to polymer composites, that are used in a vast array of products essential to today's societies and economies. Frontiers of Materials Research: A Decadal Survey is aimed at documenting the status and promising future directions of materials research in the United States in the context of similar efforts worldwide. This third decadal survey in materials research reviews the progress and achievements in materials research and changes in the materials research landscape over the last decade; research opportunities for investment for the period 2020-2030; impacts that materials research has had and is expected to have on emerging technologies, national needs, and science; and challenges the enterprise may face over the next decade. %0 Book %T Study on the Long-term Retention of Selected Scientific and Technical Records of the Federal Government: Working Papers %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9478/study-on-the-long-term-retention-of-selected-scientific-and-technical-records-of-the-federal-government %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9478/study-on-the-long-term-retention-of-selected-scientific-and-technical-records-of-the-federal-government %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 137 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T National Collaboratories: Applying Information Technology for Scientific Research %@ 978-0-309-04848-4 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2109/national-collaboratories-applying-information-technology-for-scientific-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2109/national-collaboratories-applying-information-technology-for-scientific-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 118 %X Computing and communications are becoming essential tools of science. Together, they make possible new kinds and degrees of collaboration. This book addresses technical, scientific, and social aspects of fostering scientific collaboration using information technology. It explores issues in molecular biology, oceanography, and space physics, and derives recommendations for a partnership between scientists and technologists to develop better collaboration technology to support science. %0 Book %T On-Line Data-Acquisition Systems in Nuclear Physics, 1969 %D 1970 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21169/on-line-data-acquisition-systems-in-nuclear-physics-1969 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21169/on-line-data-acquisition-systems-in-nuclear-physics-1969 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Computers and Information Technology %P 97 %0 Book %T Nuclear Data Compilations: The Lifeblood of the Nuclear Sciences and Their Applications %D 1971 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21164/nuclear-data-compilations-the-lifeblood-of-the-nuclear-sciences-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21164/nuclear-data-compilations-the-lifeblood-of-the-nuclear-sciences-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 32 %0 Book %T Geophysical Data Interchange Assessment, 1978 %D 1979 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19822/geophysical-data-interchange-assessment-1978 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19822/geophysical-data-interchange-assessment-1978 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Earth Sciences %P 81 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Assessment of the Usefulness and Availability of NASA's Earth and Space Science Mission Data %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10363/assessment-of-the-usefulness-and-availability-of-nasas-earth-and-space-science-mission-data %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10363/assessment-of-the-usefulness-and-availability-of-nasas-earth-and-space-science-mission-data %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 112 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Understanding the Sun and Solar System Plasmas: Future Directions in Solar and Space Physics %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11188/understanding-the-sun-and-solar-system-plasmas-future-directions-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11188/understanding-the-sun-and-solar-system-plasmas-future-directions-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 40 %0 Book %T Assessment of Programs in Solar and Space Physics--1991 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12320/assessment-of-programs-in-solar-and-space-physics-1991 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12320/assessment-of-programs-in-solar-and-space-physics-1991 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 42 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Sun to the Earth – and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics: Executive Summary %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10588/the-sun-to-the-earth-and-beyond-a-decadal-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10588/the-sun-to-the-earth-and-beyond-a-decadal-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 37 %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %T Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26927/opportunities-and-challenges-for-digital-twins-in-engineering-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26927/opportunities-and-challenges-for-digital-twins-in-engineering-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Engineering and Technology %P 13 %X The digital twin is an emerging technology that builds on the convergence of computer science, mathematics, engineering, and the life sciences. Digital twins have potential across engineering domains, from aeronautics to renewable energy. On February 7 and 9, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public, virtual workshop to discuss characterizations of digital twins within the context of engineering and to identify methods for their development and use. Panelists highlighted key technical challenges and opportunities across use cases, as well as areas ripe for research and development and investment. The third in a three-part series, this evidence-gathering workshop will inform a National Academies consensus study on research gaps and future directions to advance the mathematical, statistical, and computational foundations of digital twins in applications across science, medicine, engineering, and society. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Sun to the Earth -- and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics %@ 978-0-309-08509-0 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10477/the-sun-to-the-earth-and-beyond-a-decadal-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10477/the-sun-to-the-earth-and-beyond-a-decadal-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 196 %X The sun is the source of energy for life on earth and is the strongest modulator of the human physical environment. In fact, the Sun’s influence extends throughout the solar system, both through photons, which provide heat, light, and ionization, and through the continuous outflow of a magnetized, supersonic ionized gas known as the solar wind. While the accomplishments of the past decade have answered important questions about the physics of the Sun, the interplanetary medium, and the space environments of Earth and other solar system bodies, they have also highlighted other questions, some of which are long-standing and fundamental. The Sun to the Earth—and Beyond organizes these questions in terms of five challenges that are expected to be the focus of scientific investigations in solar and space physics during the coming decade and beyond.