@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies—Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles", isbn = "978-0-309-14850-4", abstract = "The nation has compelling reasons to reduce its consumption of oil and emissions of carbon dioxide. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) promise to contribute to both goals by allowing some miles to be driven on electricity drawn from the grid, with an internal combustion engine that kicks in when the batteries are discharged. However, while battery technology has made great strides in recent years, batteries are still very expensive.\nTransitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies--Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles builds on a 2008 National Research Council report on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The present volume reviews the current and projected technology status of PHEVs; considers the factors that will affect how rapidly PHEVs could enter the marketplace, including the interface with the electric transmission and distribution system; determines a maximum practical penetration rate for PHEVs consistent with the time frame and factors considered in the 2008 Hydrogen report; and incorporates PHEVs into the models used in the hydrogen study to estimate the costs and impacts on petroleum consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12826/transitions-to-alternative-transportation-technologies-plug-in-hybrid-electric-vehicles", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy—2025-2035", isbn = "978-0-309-37122-3", abstract = "From daily commutes to cross-country road trips, millions of light-duty vehicles are on the road every day. The transportation sector is one of the United States\u2019 largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions, and fuel is an important cost for drivers. The period from 2025-2035 could bring the most fundamental transformation in the 100-plus year history of the automobile. Battery electric vehicle costs are likely to fall and reach parity with internal combustion engine vehicles. New generations of fuel cell vehicles will be produced. Connected and automated vehicle technologies will become more common, including likely deployment of some fully automated vehicles. These new categories of vehicles will for the first time assume a major portion of new vehicle sales, while internal combustion engine vehicles with improved powertrain, design, and aerodynamics will continue to be an important part of new vehicle sales and fuel economy improvement.\nThis study is a technical evaluation of the potential for internal combustion engine, hybrid, battery electric, fuel cell, nonpowertrain, and connected and automated vehicle technologies to contribute to efficiency in 2025-2035. In addition to making findings and recommendations related to technology cost and capabilities, Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy - 2025-2035 considers the impacts of changes in consumer behavior and regulatory regimes.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26092/assessment-of-technologies-for-improving-light-duty-vehicle-fuel-economy-2025-2035", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels", isbn = "978-0-309-26852-3", abstract = "\nFor a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005.\nThis report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18264/transitions-to-alternative-vehicles-and-fuels", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Charles W. Wessner", title = "Building the U.S. Battery Industry for Electric Drive Vehicles: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities: Summary of a Symposium", isbn = "978-0-309-25452-6", abstract = "Since 1991, the National Research Council, under the auspices of the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, has undertaken a program of activities to improve policymakers' understandings of the interconnections of science, technology, and economic policy and their importance for the American economy and its international competitive position. The Board's activities have corresponded with increased policy recognition of the importance of knowledge and technology to economic growth. The goal of the this symposium was to conduct two public symposia to review and analyze the potential contributions of public-private partnerships and identify other relevant issues for the Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, Energy Storage Team's activities in the energy storage research and development area. The symposia will also identify lessons from these and other domestic and international experiences to help inform DoE as to whether its activities are complete and appropriately focused. Additional topics that emerge in the course of the planning may also be addressed. Building the U.S. Battery Industry for Electric Drive Vehicles: Summary of a Symposium gathers representatives from leading battery manufacturers, automotive firms, university researchers, academic and industry analysts, congressional staff, and federal agency representatives. An individually-authored summary of each symposium will be issued.\nThe symposium was held in Michigan in order to provide direct access to the policymakers and industrial participants drawn from the concentration of battery manufacturers and automotive firms in the region. The symposium reviewed the current state, needs, and challenges of the U.S. advanced battery manufacturing industry; challenges and opportunities in battery R&D, commercialization, and deployment; collaborations between the automotive industry and battery industry; workforce issues, and supply chain development. It also focused on the impact of DoE's investments and the role of state and federal programs in support of this growing industry. This task of this report is to summarize the presentations and discussions that took place at this symposium. Needless to say, the battery industry has evolved very substantially since the conference was held, and indeed some of the caveats raised by the speakers with regard to overall demand for batteries and the prospects of multiple producers now seem prescient. At the same time, it is important to understand that it is unrealistic to expect that all recipients of local, state, or federal support in a complex and rapidly evolving industry will necessarily succeed. A number of the firms discussed here have been absorbed by competitors, others have gone out of business, and others continue to progress.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13370/building-the-us-battery-industry-for-electric-drive-vehicles-progress", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Transit Research Analysis Committee Letter Report: March 10, 2006", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Transit Research Analysis Committee (TRAC) has delivered a letter report to Ronald Hynes, the deputy associate administrator for research, demonstration, and innovation for the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). The March 10, 2006, letter report presents the committee\u2019s response to the September 30, 2005, version of FTA\u2019s strategic research plan, including recommendations for disseminating and updating the plan and putting it into practice by linking it to FTA\u2019s annual program of research. The report also addresses the role of earmarked and designated research within the context of FTA\u2019s efforts to identify and conduct a balanced portfolio of research to meet the agency\u2019s strategic goals and serve the transit community. In addition, the report explores opportunities to pursue research in support of three of FTA\u2019s high-level goals--increasing ridership, improving capital and operating efficiencies, and protecting the environment and promoting energy independence. On this last topic, the report includes a discussion focused on transit applications of electric drive technologies.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22051/transit-research-analysis-committee-letter-report-march-10-2006", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report", isbn = "978-0-309-49635-3", abstract = "Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, \"medium- and heavy-duty vehicles\", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs.\nOn September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25542/reducing-fuel-consumption-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions-of-medium-and-heavy-duty-vehicles-phase-two", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Research Council", title = "Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles", isbn = "978-0-309-37217-6", abstract = "In the past few years, interest in plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has grown. Advances in battery and other technologies, new federal standards for carbon-dioxide emissions and fuel economy, state zero-emission-vehicle requirements, and the current administration's goal of putting millions of alternative-fuel vehicles on the road have all highlighted PEVs as a transportation alternative. Consumers are also beginning to recognize the advantages of PEVs over conventional vehicles, such as lower operating costs, smoother operation, and better acceleration; the ability to fuel up at home; and zero tailpipe emissions when the vehicle operates solely on its battery. There are, however, barriers to PEV deployment, including the vehicle cost, the short all-electric driving range, the long battery charging time, uncertainties about battery life, the few choices of vehicle models, and the need for a charging infrastructure to support PEVs. What should industry do to improve the performance of PEVs and make them more attractive to consumers?\nAt the request of Congress, Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles identifies barriers to the introduction of electric vehicles and recommends ways to mitigate these barriers. This report examines the characteristics and capabilities of electric vehicle technologies, such as cost, performance, range, safety, and durability, and assesses how these factors might create barriers to widespread deployment. Overcoming Barriers to Deployment of Plug-in Electric Vehicles provides an overview of the current status of PEVs and makes recommendations to spur the industry and increase the attractiveness of this promising technology for consumers. Through consideration of consumer behaviors, tax incentives, business models, incentive programs, and infrastructure needs, this book studies the state of the industry and makes recommendations to further its development and acceptance.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21725/overcoming-barriers-to-deployment-of-plug-in-electric-vehicles", year = 2015, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Raphael Apeaning and Kyra Howe", title = "Navigating an Electric Vehicle Future: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-69219-9", abstract = "The widespread adoption of electric vehicles will play a critical role in decarbonizing the transportation sector as the nation moves toward net-zero emissions. Recent announcements from automakers and the federal government, as well as provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021, aim to stimulate electric vehicle (EV) deployment, and ongoing technology improvements continue to make EVs a more affordable and practical option. However, many challenges remain to meet the needs of all buyers and drivers and to ensure that manufacturing supply chains and the electric system can support this large-scale transformation.\nAs a follow-up activity to its 2021 report Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy - 2025-2035, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 4-day virtual workshop on October 25-28, 2021, to identify some of the challenges to widespread EV deployment and discuss policy, technical, and market strategies to help federal agencies and other stakeholders plan for the future. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26668/navigating-an-electric-vehicle-future-proceedings-of-a-workshop", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Twenty-First Century Ecosystems: Managing the Living World Two Centuries After Darwin: Report of a Symposium", isbn = "978-0-309-20901-4", abstract = "The two hundredth anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin, February 12, 2009, occurred at a critical time for the United States and the world. In honor of Darwin's birthday, the National Research Council appointed a committee under the auspices of the U.S. National Committee (USNC) for DIVERSITAS to plan a Symposium on Twenty-first Century Ecosystems. The purpose of the symposium was to capture some of the current excitement and recent progress in scientific understanding of ecosystems, from the microbial to the global level, while also highlighting how improved understanding can be applied to important policy issues that have broad biodiversity and ecosystem effects. The aim was to help inform new policy approaches that could satisfy human needs while also maintaining the integrity of the goods and services provided by biodiversity and ecosystems over both the short and the long terms.\nThis report summarizes the views expressed by symposium participants; however, it does not provide a session-by-session summary of the presentations at the symposium. Instead, the symposium steering committee identified eight key themes that emerged from the lectures, which were addressed in different contexts by different speakers. The focus here is on general principles rather than specifics. These eight themes provide a sharp focus on a few concepts that enable scientists, environmental NGOs, and policy makers to engage more effectively around issues of central importance for biodiversity and ecosystem management.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13109/twenty-first-century-ecosystems-managing-the-living-world-two-centuries", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fifth Report", isbn = "978-0-309-45687-6", abstract = "Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fifth Report follows on four previous reviews of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, which was the predecessor of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership. The U.S. DRIVE (Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability) vision, according to the charter of the Partnership, is this: American consumers have a broad range of affordable personal transportation choices that reduce petroleum consumption and significantly reduce harmful emissions from the transportation sector. Its mission is as follows: accelerate the development of pre-competitive and innovative technologies to enable a full range of efficient and clean advanced light-duty vehicles (LDVs), as well as related energy infrastructure. The Partnership focuses on precompetitive research and development (R&D) that can help to accelerate the emergence of advanced technologies to be commercialization-feasible.\nThe guidance for the work of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership as well as the priority setting and targets for needed research are provided by joint industry\/government technical teams. This structure has been demonstrated to be an effective means of identifying high-priority, long-term precompetitive research needs for each technology with which the Partnership is involved. Technical areas in which research and development as well as technology validation programs have been pursued include the following: internal combustion engines (ICEs) potentially operating on conventional and various alternative fuels, automotive fuel cell power systems, hydrogen storage systems (especially onboard vehicles), batteries and other forms of electrochemical energy storage, electric propulsion systems, hydrogen production and delivery, and materials leading to vehicle weight reductions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24717/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-us-drive-partnership", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Amanda Walsh and Michael Gallaher and Benjamin Fein-Smolinski", title = "Evaluation of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Connections", abstract = "Beginning in 2019, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) requested that TRB be directly involved in managing evaluations of selected projects undertaken by the agency.\nThe TRB Cooperative Research Program's CRP Special Release 3: Evaluation of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Connections presents an evaluation of the UHPC Research and Development Program. UHPC is used in highway bridges, particularly for bridge-deck-level connections for prefabricated bridge elements.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26634/evaluation-of-ultra-high-performance-concrete-connections", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Bus Rapid Transit Practitioner's Guide", abstract = "TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 118: Bus Rapid Transit Practitioner's Guide explores the costs, impacts, and effectiveness of implementing selected bus rapid transit (BRT) components. The report examines planning and decision making related to implementing different components of BRT systems, updates some of the information presented in TCRP Report 90: Bus Rapid Transit, and highlights the costs and impacts of implementing various BRT components and their effectiveness.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23172/bus-rapid-transit-practitioners-guide", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Geoscience Data and Collections: National Resources in Peril", isbn = "978-0-309-08341-6", abstract = "Geoscience data and collections (such as, rock and sediment cores, geophysical data, engineering records, and fossils) are necessary for industries to discover and develop domestic natural resources to fulfill the nation\u2019s energy and mineral requirements and to improve the prediction of immediate and long term hazards, such as land slides, volcanic eruptions and global climate change. While the nation has assembled a wealth of geoscience data and collections, their utility remains incompletely tapped. Many could act as invaluable resources in the future but immediate action is needed if they are to remain available. Housing of and access to geoscience data and collections have become critical issues for industry, federal and state agencies, museums, and universities. Many resources are in imminent danger of being lost through mismanagement, neglect, or disposal. A striking 46 percent of the state geological surveys polled by the committee reported that there is no space available or they have refused to accept new material. In order to address these challenges, Geoscience Data and Collections offers a comprehensive strategy for managing geoscience data and collections in the United States.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10348/geoscience-data-and-collections-national-resources-in-peril", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Judith Rochat and Doug Barrett and Shannon McKenna and Keith Yoerg and Karel Cubick and Sean Riffle and Lisa Samples and Robert Rasmussen and Richard Sohaney", title = "Breaking Barriers: Alternative Approaches to Avoiding and Reducing Highway Traffic Noise Impacts", abstract = "The most common approach that state departments of transportation (DOTs) use to address highway traffic noise impacts is noise barriers\u2014usually noise walls.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 984: Breaking Barriers: Alternative Approaches to Avoiding and Reducing Highway Traffic Noise Impacts presents the results of a review of innovative strategies to avoid and\/or reduce highway noise impacts. A practitioner's handbook to identify which of these innovative strategies may be appropriate for a highway project is also included.Supplemental to the report are Appendices A through E, covering terminology, a summary of 14 noise-reducing strategies, and further investigations of low berms, solid safety barriers, and acoustically soft ground; strategy flowcharts; and a final presentation.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26469/breaking-barriers-alternative-approaches-to-avoiding-and-reducing-highway-traffic-noise-impacts", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Deicing Planning Guidelines and Practices for Stormwater Management Systems", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 14: Deicing Planning Guidelines and Practices for Stormwater Management Systems explores a wide array of practices designed to provide for the practical, cost-effective control of runoff from aircraft and airfield deicing and anti-icing operations. Detailed operational practices were published by TRB as a collection of fact sheets.The May 2014 Impacts on Practice examines how the Gerald R. Ford International Airport (GRR) in Grand Rapids, Michigan utilized ACRP Report 14: Deicing Planning Guidelines and Practices for Stormwater Management Systems to develop a long-term stormwater and deicing program that would maintain airport safety and comply with environmental regulations.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22037/deicing-planning-guidelines-and-practices-for-stormwater-management-systems", year = 2009, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Janet Brigham", title = "Dying to Quit: Why We Smoke and How We Stop", isbn = "978-0-309-06409-5", abstract = "Historians and scientists a few millennia from now are likely to see tobacco as one of the major bafflements of our time, suggests Janet Brigham. Why do we smoke so much, even when we know that tobacco kills more than a million of us a year?\nTwo decades ago, smoking was on the decline in the United States. Now the decline has flattened, and smoking appears to be increasing, most ominously among young people. Cigar smoking is on the rise. Data from a generation of young smokers indicate that many of them want to quit but have no access to effective treatment.\nDying to Quit features the real-life smoking day of a young woman who plans to quit\u2014again. Her comments take readers inside her love\/hate relationship with tobacco. In everyday language, the book reveals the complex psychological and scientific issues behind the news headlines about tobacco regulations, lawsuits and settlements, and breaking scientific news.\nWhat is addiction? Is there such a thing as an addictive personality? What does nicotine do to the body? How does it affect the brain? Why do people stand in subzero temperatures outside office buildings to smoke cigarettes? What is the impact of carefully crafted advertisements and marketing strategies? Why do people who are depressed tend to smoke more? What is the biology behind these common links? These and many fundamental questions are explored drawing on the latest findings from the world's best addictions laboratories.\nWant to quit? Brigham takes us shopping in the marketplace of gizmos and gadgets designed to help people stop smoking, from wristwatch-like monitors to the lettuce cigarette. She presents the bad news and the not-so-bad news about smoking cessation, including the truth about withdrawal symptoms and weight gain. And she summarizes authoritative findings and recommendations about what actually works in quitting smoking.\nBy training a behavioral scientist\u2014by gift a writing talent\u2014Brigham helps readers understand what people feel when they use tobacco or when they quit. At a time when tobacco smoke has filled nearly every corner of the earth and public confusion grows amid strident claims and counterclaims in the media, Dying to Quit clears the air with dispassion toward facts and compassion toward smokers. This book invites readers on a fascinating journey through the world of tobacco use and points the way toward help for smokers who want to quit.\nJanet Brigham, Ph.D., is a research psychologist with SRI International in Menlo Park, California, where she studies tobacco use. A former journalist and editor, she has conducted substance use research at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the University of Pittsburgh", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6013/dying-to-quit-why-we-smoke-and-how-we-stop", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Role of the U.S. Merchant Marine in National Security; Project Walrus Report", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18522/role-of-the-us-merchant-marine-in-national-security-project-walrus-report", year = 1959, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Target-Setting Methods and Data Management to Support Performance-Based Resource Allocation by Transportation Agencies - Volume I: Research Report, and Volume II: Guide for Target Setting and Data Management", abstract = "TRB\u2019s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 666: Target Setting Methods and Data Management to Support Performance-Based Resource Allocation by Transportation Agencies - Volume I: Research Report, and Volume II: Guide for Target-Setting and Data Management provides a framework and specific guidance for setting performance targets and for ensuring that appropriate data are available to support performance-based decision-making.Volume III to this report was published separately in an electronic-only format as NCHRP Web-Only Document 154. Volume III includes case studies of organizations investigated in the research used to develop NCHRP Report 666.NCHRP Report 706: Uses of Risk Management and Data Management to Support Target-Setting for Performance-Based Resource Allocation by Transportation Agencies was released in 2011 and supplements NCHRP Report 666. NCHRP Report 706 describes how risk management and data management may be used by transportation agencies to support management target-setting for performance based resource allocation.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14429/target-setting-methods-and-data-management-to-support-performance-based-resource-allocation-by-transportation-agencies-volume-i-research-report-and-volume-ii-guide-for-target-setting-and-data-management", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Review of WIC Food Packages: Improving Balance and Choice: Final Report", isbn = "978-0-309-45016-4", abstract = "The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) began 40 years ago as a pilot program and has since grown to serve over 8 million pregnant women, and mothers of and their infants and young children. Today the program serves more than a quarter of the pregnant women and half of the infants in the United States, at an annual cost of about $6.2 billion. Through its contribution to the nutritional needs of pregnant, breastfeeding, and post-partum women; infants; and children under 5 years of age; this federally supported nutrition assistance program is integral to meeting national nutrition policy goals for a significant portion of the U.S. population.\n\nTo assure the continued success of the WIC, Congress mandated that the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reevaluate the program's food packages every 10 years. In 2014, the USDA asked the Institute of Medicine to undertake this reevaluation to ensure continued alignment with the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. In this third report, the committee provides its final analyses, recommendations, and the supporting rationale.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23655/review-of-wic-food-packages-improving-balance-and-choice-final", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "John J. Schiavone", title = "Optimizing Bus Warranty", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 111: Optimizing Bus Warranty explores how some transit agencies address key aspects of their warranty programs. The report examines the steps taken to more accurately monitor warranty coverage periods, optimize the warranty process, and maximize warranty reimbursement to fulfill U.S. Federal Transit Administration requirements and taxpayer expectations.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22410/optimizing-bus-warranty", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }