TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2009 SN - DO - 10.17226/12767 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12767/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-electronics-and-electrical-engineering-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, carries out its mission of promoting U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by developing and applying technology, measurements, and standards across nationally and strategically important industries. NIST is uniquely positioned to contribute to the development of U.S. industry and to technology deployment, and thereby to U.S. economic growth. This book contains the assessment by the Panel on Electronics and Electrical Engineering of NIST's Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEEL), focusing on the scientific and technical work performed by the laboratory. The assessment is conducted biennially. The book examines the broad factors of technical merit of the laboratory's programs, the adequacy of facilities and resources, and the achievement of desired impacts. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2007 SN - DO - 10.17226/12011 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12011/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-electronics-and-electrical-engineering-laboratory PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Policy for Science and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories: Fiscal Year 2000 DO - 10.17226/9979 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9979/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-measurement-and-standards-laboratories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories: Fiscal Year 2001 DO - 10.17226/10204 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10204/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-measurement-and-standards-laboratories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English AB - This volume represents the 42nd annual assessment by the National Research Council (NRC) of the technical quality and relevance of the programs of the Measurement and Standards Laboratories of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This report provides judgments regarding the overall state of the NIST Measurement and Standards Laboratories (MSL),and offers findings to further increase the merit and impact of NIST MSL programs. It also offers in-depth reviews of each of the seven laboratories of the MSL, with findings aimed at their specific programmatic areas. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories: Fiscal Years 2004-2005 SN - DO - 10.17226/11475 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11475/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-measurement-and-standards-laboratories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Measurements and Standards Laboratories (MSL) provide technical leadership for the nation’s measurement and standards infrastructure and assure the availability of essential reference data and measurement capabilities. At NIST’s request the National Research Council (NRC) carries out a biennial assessment of the seven MSL. The assessment focuses on each laboratory’s technical quality and merit; and effectiveness. It also examines the relevance of the NIST programs and how well laboratory facilities, equipment, and personnel are able to fulfill the MSL mission. This report presents an overall assessment of the MSL followed by detailed assessments of each of the seven laboratories. ER - TY - BOOK TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories: Fiscal Year 1999 DO - 10.17226/9685 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9685/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-measurement-and-standards-laboratories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories, Fiscal Year 1998 DO - 10.17226/9515 PY - 1998 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9515/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-measurement-and-standards-laboratories-fiscal-year-1998 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories: Fiscal Year 2003 DO - 10.17226/10820 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10820/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-measurement-and-standards-laboratories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories: Fiscal Year 2002 SN - DO - 10.17226/10510 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10510/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-measurement-and-standards-laboratories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - This assessment of the technical quality and relevance of the programs of the Measurement and Standards Laboratories of the National Institute of Standards and Technology is the work of the 165 members of the National Research Council's (NRC's) Board on Assessment of NIST Programs and its panels. These individuals were chosen by the NRC for their technical expertise, their practical experience in running research programs, and their knowledge of industry's needs in basic measurements and standards. This assessment addresses the following: The technical merit of the laboratory programs relative to the state of the art worldwide; The effectiveness with which the laboratory programs are carried out and the results disseminated to their customers; The relevance of the laboratory programs to the needs of their customers; and The ability of the laboratories' facilities, equipment, and human resources to enable the laboratories to fulfill their mission and meet their customers' needs. ER - TY - BOOK TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Programs: Fiscal Year 1997 DO - 10.17226/9208 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9208/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-programs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Charles W. Wessner TI - Partnership for Solid-State Lighting: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10473 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10473/partnership-for-solid-state-lighting-report-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Energy and Energy Conservation KW - Industry and Labor AB - As part of its analysis of public-private partnerships, the Academies convened leading academic researchers, government officials and policy makers, and representatives from large and small firms to explore the potential contributions, technical challenges, and opportunities for government-industry-university collaboration in the area of solid-state lighting. The workshop report devotes special attention to the potential for substantial social benefits—relating to the environment, energy consumption, and national security—that could arise with the widespread use of solid-state lighting technology. The workshop also focused on the technical and competitive hurdles currently faced in bringing solid-state lighting to market and the potential contributions of a well-conceived national consortium for solid-state lighting research. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2009 Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/12821 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12821/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Engineering and Technology AB - In 1995, the National Academy of Engineering initiated the Frontiers of Engineering Program, which brings together about 100 young engineering leaders at annual symposia to learn about cutting-edge research and technical work in a variety of engineering fields. The 2009 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering Symposium was held at The National Academies' Arnold O. and Mabel Beckman Center on September 10-12. Speakers were asked to prepare extended summaries of their presentations, which are reprinted in this volume. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight cutting-edge developments in engineering research and technical work. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Thomas S. Arrison A2 - C. Fred Bergsten A2 - Edward M. Graham A2 - Martha Caldwell Harris TI - Japan's Growing Technological Capability: Implications for the U.S. Economy SN - DO - 10.17226/2030 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2030/japans-growing-technological-capability-implications-for-the-us-economy PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Industry and Labor AB - The perspectives of technologists, economists, and policymakers are brought together in this volume. It includes chapters dealing with approaches to assessment of technology leadership in the United States and Japan, an evaluation of future impacts of eroding U.S. technological preeminence, an analysis of the changing nature of technology-based global competition, and a discussion of policy options for the United States. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Prospective Evaluation of Applied Energy Research and Development at DOE (Phase One): A First Look Forward SN - DO - 10.17226/11277 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11277/prospective-evaluation-of-applied-energy-research-and-development-at-doe-phase-one PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Energy and Energy Conservation AB - In 2001, the National Research Council (NRC) completed a congressionally mandated assessment of the benefits and costs of DOE's fossil energy and energy efficiency R&D programs, Energy Research at DOE: Was It Worth It? The Congress followed this retrospective study by directing DOE to request the NRC to develop a methodology for assessing prospective benefits. The first phase of this project—development of the methodology—began in December 2003. Phase two will make the methodology more robust and explore related issues, and subsequent phases will apply the methodology to review the prospective benefits of different DOE fossil energy and energy efficiency R&D programs. In developing this project, three considerations were particularly important. First, the study should adapt the work of the retrospective study. Second, the project should develop a methodology that provides a rigorous calculation of benefits and risks, and a practical and consistent process for its application. Third, the methodology should be transparent, should not require extensive resources for implementation, and should produce easily understood results. This report presents the results of phase one. It focuses on adaptation of the retrospective methodology to a prospective context. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Charles W. Wessner TI - The Future of Photovoltaics Manufacturing in the United States: Summary of Two Symposia SN - DO - 10.17226/12724 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12724/the-future-of-photovoltaics-manufacturing-in-the-united-states-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - Technological innovation and growth are critical to U.S. competitiveness in a global economy. One means of facilitating growth and improving competitiveness is to foster more robust innovation ecosystems through the development of public-private partnerships, industry consortia, and other regional and national economic development initiatives. Public-private partnerships, in particular, catalyze the commercialization of state and national investments in research and development. One of the major projects of the National Research Council's Board on Science Technology and Economic Policy (STEP) is to examine state and local investment programs designed to attract and grow knowledge-based industries. STEP analyzes state and regional innovation initiatives to gain a better understanding of the challenges associated with the transition of research into products, the practices associated with successful state and regional programs, and their interaction with federal programs and private initiatives. In April and July 2009, STEP convened two meeting to assess the future of the U.S. photovoltaic industry and the practical steps that the federal government and some state and regional governments are taking to develop the capacity to manufacture photovoltaics competitively. The Future of Photovoltaic Manufacturing in the United States captures the presentations and discussions of these meetings. This report explores the prospects for cooperative R&D efforts, standards, and roadmapping efforts that could accelerate innovation and growth of a U.S. photovoltaics industry. It includes both efforts to strengthen existing industries as well as specific new technology focus areas such as nanotechnology, stem cells, and energy in order to gain an improved understanding of program goals, challenges, and accomplishments. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for Our Nation SN - DO - 10.17226/13491 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13491/optics-and-photonics-essential-technologies-for-our-nation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - Optics and photonics technologies are ubiquitous: they are responsible for the displays on smart phones and computing devices, optical fiber that carries the information in the internet, advanced precision manufacturing, enhanced defense capabilities, and a plethora of medical diagnostics tools. The opportunities arising from optics and photonics offer the potential for even greater societal impact in the next few decades, including solar power generation and new efficient lighting that could transform the nation's energy landscape and new optical capabilities that will be essential to support the continued exponential growth of the Internet. As described in the National Research Council report Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for our Nation, it is critical for the United States to take advantage of these emerging optical technologies for creating new industries and generating job growth. The report assesses the current state of optical science and engineering in the United States and abroad—including market trends, workforce needs, and the impact of photonics on the national economy. It identifies the technological opportunities that have arisen from recent advances in, and applications of, optical science and engineering. The report also calls for improved management of U.S. public and private research and development resources, emphasizing the need for public policy that encourages adoption of a portfolio approach to investing in the wide and diverse opportunities now available within photonics. Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for our Nation is a useful overview not only for policymakers, such as decision-makers at relevant Federal agencies on the current state of optics and photonics research and applications but also for individuals seeking a broad understanding of the fields of optics and photonics in many arenas. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - 2018-2020 Assessment of the Army Research Office SN - DO - 10.17226/26324 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26324/2018-2020-assessment-of-the-army-research-office PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The mission of the Army Research Office (ARO), as part of the U.S. Army Futures Command—U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command—Army Research Laboratory (ARL), is to execute the Army's extramural basic research program in the following scientific disciplines: chemical sciences, computing sciences, electronics, life sciences, materials science, mathematical sciences, mechanical sciences, network sciences, and physics. The goal of this basic research is to drive scientific discoveries that will provide the Army with significant advances in operational capabilities through high-risk, high pay-off research opportunities, primarily with universities, but also with large and small businesses. ARO ensures that this research supports and drives the realization of future research relevant to all of the Army Functional Concepts, the ARL Core Technical Competencies, and the ARL Essential Research Programs. The results of these efforts are transitioned to the Army research and development community, industry, or academia for the pursuit of long-term technological advances for the Army. This report summarizes the findings of the review of ARO's Information Sciences Directorate in 2018, the Physical Sciences Directorate in 2019,and the Engineering Sciences Directorate in 2020 conducted by the panels of the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Research Council TI - Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/12621 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12621/real-prospects-for-energy-efficiency-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Energy and Energy Conservation AB - America's economy and lifestyles have been shaped by the low prices and availability of energy. In the last decade, however, the prices of oil, natural gas, and coal have increased dramatically, leaving consumers and the industrial and service sectors looking for ways to reduce energy use. To achieve greater energy efficiency, we need technology, more informed consumers and producers, and investments in more energy-efficient industrial processes, businesses, residences, and transportation. As part of the America's Energy Future project, Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States examines the potential for reducing energy demand through improving efficiency by using existing technologies, technologies developed but not yet utilized widely, and prospective technologies. The book evaluates technologies based on their estimated times to initial commercial deployment, and provides an analysis of costs, barriers, and research needs. This quantitative characterization of technologies will guide policy makers toward planning the future of energy use in America. This book will also have much to offer to industry leaders, investors, environmentalists, and others looking for a practical diagnosis of energy efficiency possibilities. ER -