%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Dixon, Karen %E Fitzpatrick, Kay %E Lord, Dominique %E Dobrovolny, Chiara Silvestri %E Avelar, Raul %E Dadashova, Bahar %E Mannering, Fred %E Alnawmasi, Nawaf %E Atkinson, Jennifer %E Jones, Joseph %E Cheema, Adil %E Matthews, K.C. %T Guide to Understanding Effects of Raising Speed Limits %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26769/guide-to-understanding-effects-of-raising-speed-limits %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26769/guide-to-understanding-effects-of-raising-speed-limits %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 36 %X Over the past decade, there has been a trend toward higher speed limits, especially on rural interstates and freeways. Eleven states have increased speed limits to 75 mph, with some of them raising the limit as high as 85 mph on freeways and 75 mph on other roads. The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1006: Guide to Understanding Effects of Raising Speed Limits provides a better understanding of the expected safety implications of increasing speed limits to 75 mph or higher. Supplemental to the report are a presentation and NCHRP Web-Only Document 328: Safety Effects of Raising Speed Limits to 75 mph and Higher. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E MacKenzie, Ellen J. %E Wollek, Scott H. %E Yost, Olivia C. %E Cork, Daniel L. %T A Framework for Assessing Mortality and Morbidity After Large-Scale Disasters %@ 978-0-309-68025-7 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25863/a-framework-for-assessing-mortality-and-morbidity-after-large-scale-disasters %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25863/a-framework-for-assessing-mortality-and-morbidity-after-large-scale-disasters %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 272 %X In the wake of a large-scale disaster, from the initial devastation through the long tail of recovery, protecting the health and well-being of the affected individuals and communities is paramount. Accurate and timely information about mortality and significant morbidity related to the disaster are the cornerstone of the efforts of the disaster management enterprise to save lives and prevent further health impacts. Conversely, failure to accurately capture mortality and significant morbidity data undercuts the nation's capacity to protect its population. Information about disaster-related mortality and significant morbidity adds value at all phases of the disaster management cycle. As a disaster unfolds, the data are crucial in guiding response and recovery priorities, ensuring a common operating picture and real-time situational awareness across stakeholders, and protecting vulnerable populations and settings at heightened risk. A Framework for Assessing Mortality and Morbidity After Large-Scale Disasters reviews and describes the current state of the field of disaster-related mortality and significant morbidity assessment. This report examines practices and methods for data collection, recording, sharing, and use across state, local, tribal, and territorial stakeholders; evaluates best practices; and identifies areas for future resource investment. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Neubauer, Kenneth %E Fleet, David %E Grosoli, Filippo %E Verstynen, Harry %T Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) at Airports: A Primer %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21907/unmanned-aircraft-systems-uas-at-airports-a-primer %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21907/unmanned-aircraft-systems-uas-at-airports-a-primer %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 94 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 144: Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) at Airports: A Primer provides airports of all sizes with information about unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and their potential use and impact on airports. The report includes a glossary of key terms, a background on the current state of UAS operations, UAS costs and benefits to airports, regulatory and community considerations, UAS infrastructure and operational considerations, UAS safety and security issues, and more. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Education, Christopher Cunningham, Thomas Chase, Yulin Deng, Chris Carnes, Kihyun Pyo, Institute for Transportation Research and %E Inc., Pete Jenior, Bastian Schroeder, Brian Ray, Thomas Urbanik II, Julia Knudsen, Lee Rodegerdts, Shannon Warchol, Kittelson & Associates %E Tanaka, City of Portland Alison %T Diverging Diamond Interchange Informational Guide, Second Edition %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26027/diverging-diamond-interchange-informational-guide-second-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26027/diverging-diamond-interchange-informational-guide-second-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X The diverging diamond interchange (also known as a double crossover diamond interchange) is a relatively new design to the United States. This design can increase throughput and safety without widening bridge structures.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 959: Diverging Diamond Interchange Informational Guide, Second Edition presents a comprehensive guide to the design and operation of diverging diamond interchanges and updates material found in the FHWA’s Diverging Diamond Interchange Informational Guide.A workshop summary is provided that includes an overview of key traffic signal timing concepts at diverging diamond interchanges—from terminology to timing considerations and from operational analysis to traffic signal equipment. Videos viewed during the workshop are also provided. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Snow and Ice Control: Guidelines for Materials and Methods %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13776/snow-and-ice-control-guidelines-for-materials-and-methods %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13776/snow-and-ice-control-guidelines-for-materials-and-methods %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 39 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 526: Snow and Ice Control: Guidelines for Materials and Methods provides guidance for selecting roadway snow and ice control strategies, and tactics for a wide range of winter maintenance operating conditions. This guidance applies to highways, roads, streets, and other paved surfaces that carry motor vehicles—under state or local jurisdictions. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %T Naval Engineering: Alternative Approaches for Organizing Cooperative Research -- Special Report 266 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10381/naval-engineering-alternative-approaches-for-organizing-cooperative-research-special-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10381/naval-engineering-alternative-approaches-for-organizing-cooperative-research-special-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 78 %X TRB Special Report 266: Naval Engineering: Alternative Approaches for Organizing Cooperative Research evaluates alternative approaches for organizing and managing cooperative research programs in naval engineering. At the request of the Office of Naval Research (ONR), TRB/the Marine Board convened a committee to investigate and evaluate alternative approaches for structuring cooperative research programs in naval engineering. ONR is concerned about having both research products in "total ship design" and designers who are capable of designing complex warships according to this approach. In a fast-track study, the committee evaluated four approaches to structuring a cooperative research program and provided its assessment of these options. Each model was assessed in terms of its ability to balance the perspective of the various stakeholders (Navy, shipbuilding industry, and universities) in the development of a research agenda, the production of useful research, and the ability to attract students into the field.Special Report 266 Summary %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Experts, LLC Countermeasures Assessment and Security %E Associates, Waite & %E Consulting, LLC Nakanishi Research and %T Public Transportation Passenger Security Inspections: A Guide for Policy Decision Makers %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23150/public-transportation-passenger-security-inspections-a-guide-for-policy-decision-makers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23150/public-transportation-passenger-security-inspections-a-guide-for-policy-decision-makers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 67 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 86, Public Transportation Security Public Transportation Security Volume 13: Public Transportation Passenger Security Inspections: A Guide for Policy Decision Makers suggests guidance that a public transportation agency may use when considering whether, where, when, and how to introduce a passenger security inspection program into its operations. The report identifies promising types of screening technologies and methods currently in use or being tested, and the operational considerations for the deployment of these technologies in land-based systems. The report also examines the legal precedent that either applies or that should be contemplated in connection with passenger screening activities, and includes a passenger security inspection policy decision-making model. Detailed appendixes to TCRP Report 86 Vol. 13 were published as TCRP Web-Only Document 38.The TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security series assembles relevant information into single, concise volumes, each pertaining to a specific security problem and closely related issues. These volumes focus on the concerns that transit agencies are addressing when developing programs in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks that followed. Future volumes of the report will be issued as they are completed. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Guidelines for Ramp and Interchange Spacing %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22891/guidelines-for-ramp-and-interchange-spacing %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22891/guidelines-for-ramp-and-interchange-spacing %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 183 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 687: Guidelines for Ramp and Interchange Spacing explores guidelines for ramp and interchange spacing based on design, operations, safety, and signing considerations.The report is designed to help aid the decision-making process when an agency is considering new ramps or interchanges on existing facilities, modifying ramps and interchanges of existing facilities, or when planning and designing new highway and interchange facilities. The guidelines also offer standardized definitions measuring ramp and interchange spacing, which have varied in previous design guides.A final report documenting the full research effort related to the development of NCHRP Report 687 was published as NCHRP Web-Only Document 169. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Taylor, Rachel M. %T Exploring Partnership Governance in Global Health: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24997/exploring-partnership-governance-in-global-health-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24997/exploring-partnership-governance-in-global-health-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 9 %X On October 26, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety convened a workshop on the governance of global health partnerships. Collaboration, a common approach in both 21st-century engineering and global health, brings together the talents, experiences, and resources of multiple sectors, and the diversity of these sectors leads to creative solutions for tackling system challenges. In global health, collaboration frequently occurs through public–private partnerships (PPPs), with public and private parties sharing risks, responsibilities, and decision-making processes with the objective of collectively and more effectively addressing a common goal. PPPs include government and industry as well as partners from a range of other sectors. The workshop examined what role governance assumes in global health PPPs through presentations and discussion on transparency and accountability, operational challenges, legal considerations, barriers and strategies for engagement, examples of governance structures and lessons learned, and measurement. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Biological Confinement of Genetically Engineered Organisms %@ 978-0-309-09085-8 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10880/biological-confinement-of-genetically-engineered-organisms %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10880/biological-confinement-of-genetically-engineered-organisms %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 276 %X Genetically engineered organisms (GEOs) have been under development for more than 20 years while GE crops have been grown commercially during the last decade. During this time, a number of questions have cropped up concerning the potential consequences that certain GEOs might have on natural or managed ecosystems and human health. Interest in developing methods to confine some GEOs and their transgenes to specifically designated release settings has increased and the success of these efforts could facilitate the continued growth and development of this technology. Biological Confinement of Genetically Engineered Organisms examines biological methods that may be used with genetically engineered plants, animals, microbes, and fungi. Bioconfinement methods have been applied successfully to a few non-engineered organisms, but many promising techniques remain in the conceptual and experimental stages of development. This book reviews and evaluates these methods, discusses when and why to consider their use, and assesses how effectively they offer a significant reduction of the risks engineered organisms can present to the environment. Interdisciplinary research to develop new confinement methods could find ways to minimize the potential for unintended effects on human health and the environment. Need for this type of research is clear and successful methods could prove helpful in promoting regulatory approval for commercialization of future genetically engineered organisms. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Bruinsma, James %E Smith, Kelly %E Peshkin, David %E Ballou, Lauren %E Eisenberg, Bethany %E Lurie, Carol %E Costa, Mark %E Ung, Cambria %E Nassiri, Somayeh %E Shi, Xianming %E Haselbach, Liv %T Guidance for Usage of Permeable Pavement at Airports %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24852/guidance-for-usage-of-permeable-pavement-at-airports %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24852/guidance-for-usage-of-permeable-pavement-at-airports %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 88 %X TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Research Report 178: Guidance for Usage of Permeable Pavement at Airports provides guidance on the advantages and disadvantages of permeable pavement at a variety of types and sizes of airports. The guidance includes potential installation locations such as airside and landside applications; environmental, operational, and economic considerations; and a decision matrix to examine applicability of installations. Final guidance appendices accompany the report. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Owens, William A. %E Dam, Kenneth W. %E Lin, Herbert S. %T Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities %@ 978-0-309-13850-5 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12651/technology-policy-law-and-ethics-regarding-us-acquisition-and-use-of-cyberattack-capabilities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12651/technology-policy-law-and-ethics-regarding-us-acquisition-and-use-of-cyberattack-capabilities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Computers and Information Technology %P 390 %X The United States is increasingly dependent on information and information technology for both civilian and military purposes, as are many other nations. Although there is a substantial literature on the potential impact of a cyberattack on the societal infrastructure of the United States, little has been written about the use of cyberattack as an instrument of U.S. policy. Cyberattacks--actions intended to damage adversary computer systems or networks--can be used for a variety of military purposes. But they also have application to certain missions of the intelligence community, such as covert action. They may be useful for certain domestic law enforcement purposes, and some analysts believe that they might be useful for certain private sector entities who are themselves under cyberattack. This report considers all of these applications from an integrated perspective that ties together technology, policy, legal, and ethical issues. Focusing on the use of cyberattack as an instrument of U.S. national policy, Technology, Policy, Law and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities explores important characteristics of cyberattack. It describes the current international and domestic legal structure as it might apply to cyberattack, and considers analogies to other domains of conflict to develop relevant insights. Of special interest to the military, intelligence, law enforcement, and homeland security communities, this report is also an essential point of departure for nongovernmental researchers interested in this rarely discussed topic. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Knobler, Stacey %E Lederberg, Joshua %E Pray, Leslie A. %T Considerations for Viral Disease Eradication: Lessons Learned and Future Strategies: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-08414-7 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10424/considerations-for-viral-disease-eradication-lessons-learned-and-future-strategies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10424/considerations-for-viral-disease-eradication-lessons-learned-and-future-strategies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 232 %X Since smallpox eradication, the science of eradication has changed and with it, our definitions of what diseases are possible to eradicate. However, eradication must not beget complacency. As has been learned from past control or eradication attempts with a variety of viral diseases, from yellow fever to influenza, accidental or intentional reintroduction is a real threat—one that could strike anywhere and for which we need to be fully prepared. The criteria for assessing eradicability of polio, measles, and other viral infections have been debated extensively. With the elimination and eradication of several viral diseases on the horizon, issues surrounding the cessation of immunization activities become exceedingly important. In an effort to better understand the dynamics of disease eradication and post—immunization policies, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Emerging Infections hosted a two-day workshop (February 1—2, 2001) on The Consequences of Viral Disease Eradication. This book explores the principles underlying the biological challenges, medical interventions, the continuing research agenda, and operational considerations for post—immunization strategies for vaccine—preventable viral diseases, and highlights important efforts that may facilitate wise decision making. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Guidelines for the Selection of Snow and Ice Control Materials to Mitigate Environmental Impacts %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23178/guidelines-for-the-selection-of-snow-and-ice-control-materials-to-mitigate-environmental-impacts %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23178/guidelines-for-the-selection-of-snow-and-ice-control-materials-to-mitigate-environmental-impacts %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 194 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 577: Guidelines for the Selection of Snow and Ice Control Materials to Mitigate Environmental Impacts explores guidelines for the selection of snow and ice control materials through an evaluation of their cost, performance, and impacts on the environment and infrastructure. The report examines a decision tool for the selection of snow and ice control materials to suit the specific needs of any given highway agency, a purchase specification that can be used by an agency once agency staff have selected materials for use, and a quality assurance monitoring program that includes procedures and standard test methods to characterize snow and ice control products before their purchase or use.Decision Tool Software can be downloaded in zip format.PHASE 1Appendix A: Agency Survey A-1Appendix B: Agency Survey Response Summary B-1PHASE 2Appendix A: LPR Standard Operating Procedure A-1Appendix B: Corrosion Test Worksheet and Summary B-1Appendix C: Corrosion Rate Data Summaries C-1Appendix D: Comparison of Corrosion Rates by LPR vs. Weight Loss D-1DECISION TOOLAppendix A: Decision Tool Software Screen CapturesThere is a summary document, Paths to Practice, available. %0 Book %T Visual Search Techniques: Proceedings of a Symposium %D 1960 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20719/visual-search-techniques-proceedings-of-a-symposium %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20719/visual-search-techniques-proceedings-of-a-symposium %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 270 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T International Network of Global Fiducial Stations: Science and Implementation Issues %@ 978-0-309-04543-8 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1855/international-network-of-global-fiducial-stations-science-and-implementation-issues %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1855/international-network-of-global-fiducial-stations-science-and-implementation-issues %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 144 %X The advent of highly precise space-based geodetic techniques has led to the application of these techniques to the solution of global earth and ocean problems. Now under consideration is a worldwide network of interconnected fiducial stations where geodetic as well as other scientific measurements can be made. This book discusses the science rationale behind the concept of an extensive global network of fiducial sites. It identifies geophysical problems that cannot be solved without a global approach and cites geodetic objectives that call for a global deployment of fiducial sites. It concludes with operations considerations and proposes a plan for development of the global network. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Letter Report: Scientific Assessment of Options for the Disposition of the Galileo Spacecraft %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9896/letter-report-scientific-assessment-of-options-for-the-disposition-of-the-galileo-spacecraft %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9896/letter-report-scientific-assessment-of-options-for-the-disposition-of-the-galileo-spacecraft %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 9 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Harnessing Innovative Biotechnologies for National Security in Material and Human Dimensions: Abridged Version %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27023/harnessing-innovative-biotechnologies-for-national-security-in-material-and-human-dimensions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27023/harnessing-innovative-biotechnologies-for-national-security-in-material-and-human-dimensions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 22 %X This publication is the unclassified summary of a classified consensus report linking advanced biotechnologies to national security capability needs and identifying potential pathways for their adoption. %0 Book %T Letter Report to the Census Bureau on the Design for the Accuracy and Coverage Evaluation (ACE) Survey %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9777/letter-report-to-the-census-bureau-on-the-design-for-the-accuracy-and-coverage-evaluation-ace-survey %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9777/letter-report-to-the-census-bureau-on-the-design-for-the-accuracy-and-coverage-evaluation-ace-survey %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 8 %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Fowler, Mark %T Airport-Centric Advanced Air Mobility Market Study %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27326/airport-centric-advanced-air-mobility-market-study %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27326/airport-centric-advanced-air-mobility-market-study %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 94 %X Advanced air mobility (AAM) is a broad concept enabled by new technology with the potential to transform aviation and urban transportation systems over the next 10 years. Some of these technologies include electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft as well as traditional fixed-wing aircraft using electric or other advanced propulsion systems. ACRP Synthesis 130: Airport-Centric Advanced Air Mobility Market Study, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, is designed to help airports and other stakeholders as they plan for AAM. Many of the initial use cases for AAM will be integrated into existing airports of all sizes, including airport ground access, connecting passenger service between regional and hub airports, and cargo operations.