%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Racial and Gender Diversity in State DOTs and Transit Agencies %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22010/racial-and-gender-diversity-in-state-dots-and-transit-agencies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22010/racial-and-gender-diversity-in-state-dots-and-transit-agencies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) and National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) have jointly produced and published Racial and Gender Diversity in State DOTs and Transit Agencies. The product, which can be referred to as TCRP Report 120 or NCHRP Report 585, examines racial and gender diversity in state departments of transportation (DOTs) and transit agencies for purposes of establishing a baseline that reflects the current status of racial and gender diversity in state DOTs and transit agencies based on existing data. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Improving the Design of the Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) %@ 978-0-309-08711-7 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10571/improving-the-design-of-the-scientists-and-engineers-statistical-data-system-sestat %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10571/improving-the-design-of-the-scientists-and-engineers-statistical-data-system-sestat %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Industry and Labor %K Surveys and Statistics %P 48 %X The past decade has demonstrated the utility of SESTAT, but the SESTAT design shows some deficiencies with respect to response rates, coverage of populations of interest, and its ability to support some useful analyses. To tackle those deficiencies, NSF has proposed three possible design options for improving the database and asked the National Research Council's Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) to form the Committee to Review the 2000 Decade Design of the SESTAT.This is the report of that committee. It presents our understanding of the purposes and characteristics of the SESTAT, applies the criteria we believe are important for assessing design options for the database, provides our recommendation for the best approach to adopt in the 2000 decade, and offers our encouragement to NSF to pursue opportunities to improve the understanding of the numbers and characteristics of scientists and engineers in the United States. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reskin, Barbara F. %E Hartmann, Heidi I. %T Women's Work, Men's Work: Sex Segregation on the Job %@ 978-0-309-03429-6 %D 1986 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/610/womens-work-mens-work-sex-segregation-on-the-job %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/610/womens-work-mens-work-sex-segregation-on-the-job %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 186 %X Even though women have made substantial progress in a number of formerly male occupations, sex segregation in the workplace remains a fact of life. This volume probes pertinent questions: Why has the overall degree of sex segregation remained stable in this century? What informal barriers keep it in place? How do socialization and educational practices affect career choices and hiring patterns? How do family responsibilities affect women's work attitudes? And how effective is legislation in lessening the gap between the sexes? Amply supplemented with tables, figures, and insightful examination of trends and research, this volume is a definitive source for what is known today about sex segregation on the job. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Work, Jobs, and Occupations: A Critical Review of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles %@ 978-0-309-03093-9 %D 1980 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/92/work-jobs-and-occupations-a-critical-review-of-the-dictionary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/92/work-jobs-and-occupations-a-critical-review-of-the-dictionary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 453 %X Various editions of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles have served as the Employment Service's basic tool for matching workers and jobs. The Dictionary of Occupational Titles has also played an important role in establishing skill and training requirements and developing Employment Service testing batteries for specific occupations. However, the role of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles has been called into question as a result of planned changes in the operation of the Employment Service. A plan to automate the operations of Employment Service offices using a descriptive system of occupational keywords rather than occupational titles has led to a claim that a dictionary of occupational titles and the occupational research program that produces it are outmoded. Since the automated keyword system does not rely explicitly on defined occupational titles, it is claimed that the new system would reduce costs by eliminating the need for a research program to supply the occupational definitions. In light of these considerations, the present volume evaluates the future need for the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Changing Nature of Work: Implications for Occupational Analysis %@ 978-0-309-06525-2 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9600/the-changing-nature-of-work-implications-for-occupational-analysis %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9600/the-changing-nature-of-work-implications-for-occupational-analysis %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Earth Sciences %P 376 %X Although there is great debate about how work is changing, there is a clear consensus that changes are fundamental and ongoing. The Changing Nature of Work examines the evidence for change in the world of work. The committee provides a clearly illustrated framework for understanding changes in work and these implications for analyzing the structure of occupations in both the civilian and military sectors. This volume explores the increasing demographic diversity of the workforce, the fluidity of boundaries between lines of work, the interdependent choices for how work is structured-and ultimately, the need for an integrated systematic approach to understanding how work is changing. The book offers a rich array of data and highlighted examples on: Markets, technology, and many other external conditions affecting the nature of work. Research findings on American workers and how they feel about work. Downsizing and the trend toward flatter organizational hierarchies. Autonomy, complexity, and other aspects of work structure. The committee reviews the evolution of occupational analysis and examines the effectiveness of the latest systems in characterizing current and projected changes in civilian and military work. The occupational structure and changing work requirements in the Army are presented as a case study. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reskin, Barbara F. %T Sex Segregation in the Workplace: Trends, Explanations, Remedies %@ 978-0-309-07884-9 %D 1984 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/58/sex-segregation-in-the-workplace-trends-explanations-remedies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/58/sex-segregation-in-the-workplace-trends-explanations-remedies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 323 %X How pervasive is sex segregation in the workplace? Does the concentration of women into a few professions reflect their personal preferences, the "tastes" of employers, or sex-role socialization? Will greater enforcement of federal antidiscrimination laws reduce segregation? What are the prospects for the decade ahead? These are among the important policy and research questions raised in this comprehensive volume, of interest to policymakers, researchers, personnel directors, union leaders—anyone concerned about the economic parity of women. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Women, Work, and Wages: Equal Pay for Jobs of Equal Value %@ 978-0-309-03177-6 %D 1981 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/91/women-work-and-wages-equal-pay-for-jobs-of-equal %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/91/women-work-and-wages-equal-pay-for-jobs-of-equal %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 148 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Mason, Byron %T Community Disaster Resilience: A Summary of the March 20, 2006 Workshop of the Disasters Roundtable %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11769/community-disaster-resilience-a-summary-of-the-march-20-2006 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11769/community-disaster-resilience-a-summary-of-the-march-20-2006 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Earth Sciences %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 15 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation: Letter Report 3 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10714/review-of-the-centers-for-disease-control-and-preventions-smallpox-vaccination-program-implementation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10714/review-of-the-centers-for-disease-control-and-preventions-smallpox-vaccination-program-implementation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 16 %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Ivey, Stephanie %E Gallagher, Susan %E Dontoh, Anthony %E Hashemikamangar, Sarah %E Flowers, Dustie %E Arellano, Kassandra %E Jha, Prashant %E Sirbaugh, Logan %E Kimbro, Jaila %T Advancing Gender Equity in the DOT Workforce %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27646/advancing-gender-equity-in-the-dot-workforce %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27646/advancing-gender-equity-in-the-dot-workforce %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 120 %X Women comprise only 15 percent of the transportation workforce, and this statistic declines in executive and leadership positions and does not reflect those who may not identify as men or women. For women of color, the numbers are even more disparate. NCHRP Synthesis 618: Advancing Gender Equity in the DOT Workforce, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, documents current state departments of transportation (DOT) practices related to advancing gender equity in DOT workforces. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Hansen, Janet S. %E Oster, Clinton V., Jr. %T Taking Flight: Education and Training for Aviation Careers %@ 978-0-309-05676-2 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5433/taking-flight-education-and-training-for-aviation-careers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5433/taking-flight-education-and-training-for-aviation-careers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 192 %X The commercial aviation industry is a major part of the U.S. transportation infrastructure and a key contributor to the nation's economy. The industry is facing the effects of a reduced role by the military as a source of high-quality trained personnel, particularly pilots and mechanics. At the same time, it is facing the challenges of a changing American workforce. This book is a study of the civilian training and education programs needed to satisfy the work-force requirements of the commercial aviation industry in the year 2000 and beyond, with particular emphasis on issues related to access to aviation careers by women and minorities. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %E Frase, Katharine G. %E Latanision, Ronald M. %E Pearson, Greg %T Engineering Technology Education in the United States %@ 978-0-309-43771-4 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23402/engineering-technology-education-in-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23402/engineering-technology-education-in-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Education %P 194 %X The vitality of the innovation economy in the United States depends on the availability of a highly educated technical workforce. A key component of this workforce consists of engineers, engineering technicians, and engineering technologists. However, unlike the much better-known field of engineering, engineering technology (ET) is unfamiliar to most Americans and goes unmentioned in most policy discussions about the US technical workforce. Engineering Technology Education in the United States seeks to shed light on the status, role, and needs of ET education in the United States. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Tippins, Nancy T. %E Hilton, Margaret L. %T A Database for a Changing Economy: Review of the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) %@ 978-0-309-14769-9 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12814/a-database-for-a-changing-economy-review-of-the-occupational %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12814/a-database-for-a-changing-economy-review-of-the-occupational %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Industry and Labor %K Surveys and Statistics %P 231 %X Information about the characteristics of jobs and the individuals who fill them is valuable for career guidance, reemployment counseling, workforce development, human resource management, and other purposes. To meet these needs, the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) in 1998 launched the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), which consists of a content model--a framework for organizing occupational data--and an electronic database. The O*NET content model includes hundreds of descriptors of work and workers organized into domains, such as skills, knowledge, and work activities. Data are collected using a classification system that organizes job titles into 1,102 occupations. The National Center for O*NET Development (the O*NET Center) continually collects data related to these occupations. In 2008, DOL requested the National Academies to review O*NET and consider its future directions. In response, the present volume inventories and evaluates the uses of O*NET; explores the linkage of O*NET with the Standard Occupational Classification System and other data sets; and identifies ways to improve O*NET, particularly in the areas of cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and currency. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Green, Bert F. %E Mavor, Anne S. %T Modeling Cost and Performance for Military Enlistment: Report of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-05041-8 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2344/modeling-cost-and-performance-for-military-enlistment-report-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2344/modeling-cost-and-performance-for-military-enlistment-report-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 172 %X This book describes a cost/performance trade-off model useful for illustrating the effects of budget decisions on the quality of expected performance in the military enlisted force. The model links recruit quality to job performance on the one hand and personnel costs on the other. Understanding these linkages provides a clear rationale, based on performance and cost differences, for choosing applicants for military service. The book examines trends in the quality of military personnel from the beginning of the All-Volunteer Force in 1974 to the year 2000 and beyond. It discusses technical issues associated with the development of the various components of both cost and performance linkages and presents applications of the fully developed model. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Building a Workforce for the Information Economy %@ 978-0-309-06993-9 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9830/building-a-workforce-for-the-information-economy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9830/building-a-workforce-for-the-information-economy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 398 %X A look at any newspaper's employment section suggests that competition for qualified workers in information technology (IT) is intense. Yet even experts disagree on not only the actual supply versus demand for IT workers but also on whether the nation should take any action on this economically important issue. Building a Workforce for the Information Economy offers an in-depth look at IT. workers—where they work and what they do—and the policy issues they inspire. It also illuminates numerous areas that have been questioned in political debates: Where do people in IT jobs come from, and what kind of education and training matter most for them? Are employers' and workers' experiences similar or different in various parts of the country? How do citizens of other countries factor into the U.S. IT workforce? What do we know about IT career paths, and what does that imply for IT workers as they age? And can we measure what matters? The committee identifies characteristics that differentiate IT work from other categories of high-tech work, including an informative contrast with biotechnology. The book also looks at the capacity of the U.S. educational system and of employer training programs to produce qualified workers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Computer Chips and Paper Clips: Technology and Women's Employment, Volume II: Case Studies and Policy Perspectives %@ 978-0-309-03727-3 %D 1987 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/951/computer-chips-and-paper-clips-technology-and-womens-employment-volume %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/951/computer-chips-and-paper-clips-technology-and-womens-employment-volume %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 456 %X This companion to Volume I presents individually authored papers covering the history, economics, and sociology of women's work and the computer revolution. Topics include the implications for equal employment opportunity in light of new technologies; a case study of the insurance industry and of women in computer-related occupations; a study of temporary, part-time, and at-home employment; and education and retraining opportunities. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Subjective Well-Being Module of the American Time Use Survey: Assessment for Its Continuation %@ 978-0-309-26664-2 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13535/the-subjective-well-being-module-of-the-american-time-use-survey %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13535/the-subjective-well-being-module-of-the-american-time-use-survey %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Industry and Labor %K Surveys and Statistics %P 32 %X The American Time Use Survey (ATUS), conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, included a subjective well-being (SWB) module in 2010 and 2012. The module, funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), is being considered for inclusion in the ATUS for 2013. The National Research Council was asked to evaluate measures of self-reported well-being and offer guidance about their adoption in official government surveys. The charge for the study included an interim report to consider the usefulness of the ATUS SWB module, specifically the value of continuing it for at least one more wave. Among the key points raised in this report are the value, methodological benefits, and cost and effects on the ATUS and new opportunities. Research on subjective or self-reported well-being has been ongoing for several decades, with the past few years seeing an increased interest by some countries in using SWB measures to evaluate government policies and provide a broader assessment of the health of a society than is provided by such standard economic measures as gross domestic product. NIA asked the panel to prepare an interim report on the usefulness of the SWB module of the ATUS, with a view as to the utility of continuing the module in 2013. The Subjective Well-Being Module of the American Time Use Survey is intended to fulfill only one narrow aspect of the panel's broader task. It provides an overview of the ATUS and the SWB module, a brief discussion of research applications to date, and a preliminary assessment of the value of SWB module data. The panel's final report will address issues of whether research has advanced to the point that SWB measures-and which kinds of measures-should be regularly included in major surveys of official statistical agencies to help inform government economic and social policies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Socioeconomic Determinants of Fertility Behavior in Developing Nations: Theory and Initial Results %D 1982 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/784/socioeconomic-determinants-of-fertility-behavior-in-developing-nations-theory-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/784/socioeconomic-determinants-of-fertility-behavior-in-developing-nations-theory-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 142 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Blau, Francine D. %E Mackie, Christopher %T The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration %@ 978-0-309-44445-3 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23550/the-economic-and-fiscal-consequences-of-immigration %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23550/the-economic-and-fiscal-consequences-of-immigration %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 642 %X The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community. %0 Book %E Cyert, Richard M. %E Mowery, David C. %T Technology and Employment: Innovation and Growth in the U.S. Economy %@ 978-0-309-03744-0 %D 1987 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1004/technology-and-employment-innovation-and-growth-in-the-us-economy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1004/technology-and-employment-innovation-and-growth-in-the-us-economy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Industry and Labor %P 244 %X Will the adoption of new technologies by U.S. industry lead to widespread unemployment? Or will the resulting use of new processes and techniques, as well as the introduction of new products, open new opportunities for American workers? This volume studies the relationship of technology to employment and the effects of technological change on the workplace. The authors discuss the role of new technologies in strengthening U.S. international competitiveness, recommend initiatives for assisting displaced workers, and make recommendations to aid industry in developing and adopting the new technology it needs to compete successfully in the world economy.