@BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Leslie A. Pray", title = "Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity: The Fetal and Early Childhood Years: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-37695-2", abstract = "Recent scientific evidence points to the origins of childhood obesity as an outcome of the dynamic interplay of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors throughout early development, with a compelling body of evidence suggesting that both maternal and paternal nutritional and other exposures affect a child's risk of later obesity. The burgeoning field of epigenetics has led researchers to speculate that many of the observed associations between early developmental exposures and later risk of childhood obesity are mediated, at least in part, through epigenetic mechanisms.\nTo explore the body of evolving science that examines the nexus of biology, environment, and developmental stage on risk of childhood obesity, the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council convened a workshop in February 2015. The workshop focused on the prenatal period, infancy, and early childhood and addressed evidence from both animal and human studies. Workshop objectives were to (1) identify epigenetic-mediated relationships between exposure to risk factors during sensitive periods of development (gestation through age 3) and subsequent obesity-related outcomes; (2) explore the science around periods of plasticity and potential reversibility of obesity risk in the context of early childhood development; and (3) examine the translation of epigenetic science to guide early childhood obesity prevention and intervention to reduce obesity risk. This report summarizes the information presented and discussed at the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21782/examining-a-developmental-approach-to-childhood-obesity-the-fetal-and", year = 2015, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Emily A. Callahan", title = "A Health Equity Approach to Obesity Efforts: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "On April 1, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a public workshop, A Health Equity Approach to Obesity Efforts, in Washington, DC. The workshop explored the history of health equity issues in demographic groups that have above-average obesity risk, and considered principles and approaches to address these issues as part of obesity prevention and treatment efforts. Speaker presentations addressed three areas: current policies and practices that either perpetuate health inequities or advance health equity; mechanisms to support community-driven solutions that can influence the social determinants of health; and approaches for fostering multisector collaboration to address disparities by exploring the issues related to the creation, implementation, and evaluation of equity-oriented programs, policies, and systems changes. Participants also discussed research needs to inform and mobilize equity-centered obesity prevention and treatment actions. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25496/a-health-equity-approach-to-obesity-efforts-proceedings-of-a", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Emily A. Callahan", title = "A Health Equity Approach to Obesity Efforts: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-49106-8", abstract = "The obesity crisis in the United States disproportionately affects some demographic groups more than others. Contextual influences on obesity are complex and include an individual's weight-related behaviors and outcomes, the intermediate variables that influence these behaviors and outcomes, and broader, upstream historical, social, economic, physical, and policy contexts.\nThe National Academies convened a workshop on April 1, 2019 to explore the history of health equity issues in demographic groups that have above-average obesity risk and to consider principles and approaches to address these issues as part of obesity prevention and treatment efforts. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25409/a-health-equity-approach-to-obesity-efforts-proceedings-of-a", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Steve Olson", title = "Obesity in the Early Childhood Years: State of the Science and Implementation of Promising Solutions: Workshop in Brief", abstract = " On October 6, 2015, the Roundtable on Obesity Solutions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop titled \"Obesity in the Early Childhood Years: State of the Science and Implementation of Promising Solutions.\" The workshop examined what is currently known about the prevalence of obesity in young children, its trends over time, and its persistence into later childhood, adolescence, and adulthood; epigenetic factors related to risk of early childhood obesity; and the development of taste and flavor preferences in the first few years of life. The workshop explored recent developments in the science of modifiable protective and risk factors associated with obesity through age 5, including a mother's pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy; smoking during pregnancy; breastfeeding; complementary feeding, responsive parenting; and sleep, activity, and sedentary behavior in young children. \n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21890/obesity-in-the-early-childhood-years-state-of-the-science", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Research Council", editor = "Leslie A. Pray", title = "Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity: The Fetal and Early Childhood Years: Workshop in Brief", abstract = "On February 26-27, 2015, the Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board and the IOM and the National Research Council Board on Children, Youth, and Families convened a workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the body of evolving science that examines the nexus of biology, interaction between biology and environment, and developmental stage on risk for childhood obesity. This workshop in brief highlights key points made during the workshop presentations and discussion.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21716/examining-a-developmental-approach-to-childhood-obesity-the-fetal-and", year = 2015, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "", url = "", year = , publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Leann L. Birch and Lynn Parker and Annina Burns", title = "Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies", isbn = "978-0-309-21024-9", abstract = "Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. The magnitude of the problem has increased dramatically during the last three decades and, despite some indications of a plateau in this growth, the numbers remain stubbornly high. Efforts to prevent childhood obesity to date have focused largely on school-aged children, with relatively little attention to children under age 5. However, there is a growing awareness that efforts to prevent childhood obesity must begin before children ever enter the school system.\nEarly Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies reviews factors related to overweight and obese children from birth to age 5, with a focus on nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, and recommends policies that can alter children's environments to promote the maintenance of healthy weight. Because the first years of life are important to health and well-being throughout the life span, preventing obesity in infants and young children can contribute to reversing the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. The book recommends that health care providers make parents aware of their child's excess weight early. It also suggests that parents and child care providers keep children active throughout the day, provide them with healthy diets, limit screen time, and ensure children get adequate sleep.\nIn addition to providing comprehensive solutions to tackle the problem of obesity in infants and young children, Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies identifies potential actions that could be taken to implement those recommendations. The recommendations can inform the decisions of state and local child care regulators, child care providers, health care providers, directors of federal and local child care and nutrition programs, and government officials at all levels.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13124/early-childhood-obesity-prevention-policies", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "", url = "", year = , publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Susan Okie", title = "Fed Up!: Winning the War Against Childhood Obesity", isbn = "978-0-309-09310-1", abstract = "Once dismissed by the medical profession as a purely cosmetic problem, obesity now ranks second only to smoking as a wholly preventable cause of death. Indeed, it's implicated in 300,000 deaths each year and is a major contributor to heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and depression. Even conservative estimates show that 15% of all children are now considered to be overweight--worldwide there are 22 million kids under five years old that are defined as fat.\nSupersized portions, unhealthy diets, and too little physical activity certainly contribute to what's making kids 'fat.' But that's not the whole story. Researchers are at a loss to explain why obesity rates have risen so suddenly and so steeply in the closing decades of the 20th century. But head out to the beaches, playgrounds, and amusement parks, and it's obvious that overweight children are more numerous and conspicuous.\nWe see it in our neighborhoods and we read it in the headlines. Our nation--indeed the world--is in crisis. But knowledge is power and it's time to arm ourselves in the battle to win the war on obesity. Fed Up! is just what the doctor ordered. Based in part on the Institute of Medicine's ground-breaking report on childhood obesity, this new book from family physician and journalist Susan Okie provides in-depth background on the issue; shares heartrending but instructive case studies that illustrate just how serious and widespread the problem is; and gives honest, authoritative, science-based advice that constitute our best weapons in this critical battle.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11023/fed-up-winning-the-war-against-childhood-obesity", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Health and Behavior: The Interplay of Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Influences", isbn = "978-0-309-18737-4", abstract = "Health and Behavior reviews our improved understanding of the complex interplay among biological, psychological, and social influences and explores findings suggested by recent research\u2014including interventions at multiple levels that we can employ to improve human health.\nThe book covers three main areas:\n\n What do biological, behavioral, and social sciences contribute to our understanding of health\u2014including cardiovascular, immune system and brain functioning, behaviors that influence health, the role of social networks and socioeconomic status, and more.\n What can we learn from applied research on interventions to improve the health of individuals, families, communities, organizations, and larger populations?\n How can we expeditiously translate research findings into application?\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9838/health-and-behavior-the-interplay-of-biological-behavioral-and-societal", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "2019 Year in Review: Roundtable on Obesity Solutions", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26869/2019-year-in-review-roundtable-on-obesity-solutions", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Paul R. Thomas", title = "Weighing the Options: Criteria for Evaluating Weight-Management Programs", isbn = "978-0-309-05131-6", abstract = "Nearly one out of every three adults in America is obese and tens of millions of people in the United States are dieting at any one time. This has resulted in a weight-loss industry worth billions of dollars a year and growing. What are the long-term results of weight-loss programs? How can people sort through the many programs available and select one that is right for them? Weighing the Options strives to answer these questions. Despite widespread public concern about weight, few studies have examined the long-term results of weight-loss programs. One reason that evaluating obesity management is difficult is that no other treatment depends so much on an individual's own initiative and state of mind.\nNow, a distinguished group of experts assembled by the Institute of Medicine addresses this compelling issue. Weighing the Options presents criteria for evaluating treatment programs for obesity and explores what these criteria mean\u2014to health care providers, program designers, researchers, and even overweight people seeking help.\nIn presenting its criteria the authors offer a wealth of information about weight loss: how obesity is on the rise, what types of weight-loss programs are available, how to define obesity, how well we maintain weight loss, and what approaches and practices appear to be most successful.\nInformation about weight-loss programs\u2014their clients, staff qualifications, services, and success rates\u2014necessary to make wise program choices is discussed in detail.\nThe book examines how client demographics and characteristics\u2014including health status, knowledge of weight-loss issues, and attitude toward weight and body image\u2014affect which programs clients choose, how successful they are likely to be with their choices, and what this means for outcome measurement. Short- and long-term safety consequences of weight loss are discussed as well as clinical assessment of individual patients.\nThe authors document the health risks of being overweight, summarizing data indicating that even a small weight loss reduces the risk of disease and depression and increases self-esteem. At the same time, weight loss has been associated with some poor outcomes, and the book discusses the implications for program evaluation.\nPrevention can be even more important than treatment. In Weighing the Options, programs for population groups, efforts targeted to specific groups at high risk for obesity, and prevention of further weight gain in obese individuals get special attention.\nThis book provides detailed guidance on how the weight-loss industry can improve its programs to help people be more successful at long-term weight loss. And it provides consumers with tips on selecting a program that will improve their chances of permanently losing excess weight.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4756/weighing-the-options-criteria-for-evaluating-weight-management-programs", year = 1995, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "2017 Year in Review: Roundtable on Obesity Solutions", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26867/2017-year-in-review-roundtable-on-obesity-solutions", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Emily A. Callahan", title = "Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "On October 9, 2018 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a public workshop titled \u201cCurrent Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic\u201d in Washington, DC. The workshop examined the status of the global obesity pandemic and explored approaches used to manage the problem in different settings around the world. This Proceedings of a Workshop\u2013in Brief highlights presentations which discussed the importance of understanding the obesity epidemic in global context and shared perspectives on the implications of obesity as a global problem for prevention and treatment efforts in the United States, with an emphasis on reducing disparities.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25349/current-status-and-response-to-the-global-obesity-pandemic-proceedings", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Maria Oria and Kristin Sawyer", title = "Joint U.S.-Mexico Workshop on Preventing Obesity in Children and Youth of Mexican Origin: Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-10325-1", abstract = " \n\nThe Joint U.S.-Mexico Workshop on Preventing Obesity in Children and Youth of Mexican Origin was initiated by a desire to share experiences regarding the problem of obesity in children and youth of Mexican origin on both sides of the border, with a particular focus on potential solutions. U.S and Mexican researchers, public health officials, industry leaders, and policy-makers engaged in valuable dialogue to share perspectives, challenges, and opportunities. Commonalities and differences in the United States and Mexico regarding risk factors, potential interventions and programs, and need for all sectors to collaborate and make progress toward solving this serious public health problem were also discussed. This dialogue served as a basis to explore a bi-national agenda for addressing this epidemic, which was the ultimate goal of the workshop.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11813/joint-us-mexico-workshop-on-preventing-obesity-in-children-and-youth-of-mexican-origin", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Steve Olson", title = "Obesity in the Early Childhood Years: State of the Science and Implementation of Promising Solutions: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-43921-3", abstract = "Among the many troubling aspects of the rising prevalence of obesity in the United States and elsewhere in recent years, the growth of early childhood overweight and obesity stands out. To explore what is known about effective and innovative interventions to counter obesity in young children, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine\u2019s Roundtable on Obesity Solutions held a workshop in October 2015. The workshop brought together many of the leading researchers on obesity in young children to describe the state of the science and potential solutions based on that research. Participants explored sustainable collaborations and new insights into the implementation of interventions and policies, particularly those related to nutrition and physical activity, for the treatment and prevention of obesity in young children. Obesity in the Early Childhood Years summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23445/obesity-in-the-early-childhood-years-state-of-the-science", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Emily A. Callahan", title = "Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-48505-0", abstract = "The increasing prevalence and burden of obesity transcends borders, straining populations worldwide. Data shows that 50 million girls, 74 million boys, 390 million women, and 281 million men were estimated to have obesity in 2016 (NCD-RisC, 2017). \n\nThe National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on October 9, 2018 to address the status of the global obesity pandemic and discuss diverse approaches to manage this problem. Speakers examined the collective prevalence, costs, and drivers of obesity around the world using cross-cultural comparisons. Panels and group discussions emphasized the need to reduce disparities in prevention and treatment efforts and to generate new policy and system initiatives related to nutrition and physical activity worldwide. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25273/current-status-and-response-to-the-global-obesity-pandemic-proceedings", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Emily A. Callahan", title = "Integrating Systems and Sectors Toward Obesity Solutions: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-67620-5", abstract = "A virtual workshop titled Integrating Systems and Sectors Toward Obesity Solutions, held April 6, 2020 (Part I), and June 30, 2020 (Part II), was convened by the Roundtable on Obesity Solutions, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The workshop introduced the concept of complex systems and the field of systems science, and explored systems science approaches to obesity solutions. Speakers provided an overview of systems science theories, approaches, and applications, highlighting examples from within and outside the obesity field. Presentations and discussions examined complex systems in society that have the potential to shape public health and well-being, and considered opportunities for systems change as they relate to obesity solutions. Specifically, the workshop explored factors that can influence obesity - such as (in)equity, relationships, connections, networks, capacity, power dynamics, social determinants, and political will - and how these factors can impact communications and cross-sector collaboration to address obesity. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25766/integrating-systems-and-sectors-toward-obesity-solutions-proceedings-of-a", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: Focus on Communities - Brief Summary: Institute of Medicine Regional Symposium", isbn = "978-0-309-10140-0", abstract = "The nation faces a growing epidemic of childhood obesity that threatens the immediate health of our children and their prospects of growing up healthy into adulthood. During the past 30 years, obesity in the United States has more than doubled among young children aged 2-5 years and adolescents aged 12-19 years, and it has more than tripled among youth aged 6-11 years. Currently, more than 9 million children 6 years of age and older are considered to be obese. The sequelae of obesity among children and youth are also rapidly increasing, including an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, asthma, and social and psychological consequences including low self-esteem and depression.\n\nTo develop a prevention-focused action plan to reduce the number of obese children and youth in the United States, the Institute of Medicine organized three regional symposia, and held its second regional symposium in Atlanta, Georgia on October 6-7, 2005.\n\nProgress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: Focus on Communities highlights the recurring themes that emerged from the symposium for accelerating change and moving forward with obesity prevention efforts: empower communities and neighborhoods, change the environment, forge strategic partnerships, garner and mobilize political support, educate stakeholders, identify leaders and build on cultural assets, collect and disseminate local data, evaluate programs and interventions, and translate successful interventions to other communities. Approximately 90 individuals active in childhood obesity prevention efforts in the southeastern region of the United States who represented a range of stake holder perspectives and innovative practices in local communities including students, community leaders, physicians, health educators, clergy, teachers, and state and federal government officials were invited to participate in the symposium. The contents of this summary reflect specific examples presented and discussed during the symposium, and unless otherwise noted, the general perspectives of the participants. This summary, along with two other symposia summaries, and a more detailed discussion of insights and regional examples, will be incorporated in the IOM committee's final report on progress in preventing childhood obesity that will be released in the fall of 2006.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11580/progress-in-preventing-childhood-obesity-focus-on-communities-brief-summary", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Margie Patlak and Sharyl J. Nass", title = "The Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and Recurrence: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-25333-8", abstract = "Recent research suggests that obesity and excess weight can play a prominent role in the incidence and progression of various cancers. Obesity results from an energy imbalance - that is, energy intake that is higher than energy expenditure - could also influence the growth of cancers. Recognizing the impact that current findings on obesity and cancer could have on future cancer prevention and care, the National Cancer policy Forum (NCPF) of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) help a 2-day workshop on \"The Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and Recurrence,\" in Washington, DC, on October 31 and November 1, 2011.\nThe Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and Recurrence: Workshop Summary reviews each presenter's latest clinical evidence on the obesity-cancer link and the molecular mechanisms that might explain that link. Clinicians, researchers, cancer survivors, and policy makers also discussed potential interventions to counter the effects of obesity on cancer, and research and policy measures needed to stem the rising tide of cancer mortality predicted by an increasingly overweight and older population worldwide.\nThe Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and Recurrence: Workshop Summary explores the complex web of molecular mechanisms that underlie the obesity-cancer link, the ways to design future studies to acquire the information needed to guide patient care, what to advise cancer patients about weight loss, diet, exercise, and other measures to reduce their risk of cancer progression or recurrence and policy suggestions related to research, education, and dissemination of the findings on obesity and cancer.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13348/the-role-of-obesity-in-cancer-survival-and-recurrence-workshop", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }