@BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Research Council", editor = "Julie A. Caswell and Ann L. Yaktine", title = "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Examining the Evidence to Define Benefit Adequacy", isbn = "978-0-309-26294-1", abstract = "For many Americans who live at or below the poverty threshold, access to healthy foods at a reasonable price is a challenge that often places a strain on already limited resources and may compel them to make food choices that are contrary to current nutritional guidance. To help alleviate this problem, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers a number of nutrition assistance programs designed to improve access to healthy foods for low-income individuals and households. The largest of these programs is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly called the Food Stamp Program, which today serves more than 46 million Americans with a program cost in excess of $75 billion annually. The goals of SNAP include raising the level of nutrition among low-income households and maintaining adequate levels of nutrition by increasing the food purchasing power of low-income families.\nIn response to questions about whether there are different ways to define the adequacy of SNAP allotments consistent with the program goals of improving food security and access to a healthy diet, USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to conduct a study to examine the feasibility of defining the adequacy of SNAP allotments, specifically: the feasibility of establishing an objective, evidence-based, science-driven definition of the adequacy of SNAP allotments consistent with the program goals of improving food security and access to a healthy diet, as well as other relevant dimensions of adequacy; and data and analyses needed to support an evidence-based assessment of the adequacy of SNAP allotments.\nSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Examining the Evidence to Define Benefit Adequacy reviews the current evidence, including the peer-reviewed published literature and peer-reviewed government reports. Although not given equal weight with peer-reviewed publications, some non-peer-reviewed publications from nongovernmental organizations and stakeholder groups also were considered because they provided additional insight into the behavioral aspects of participation in nutrition assistance programs. In addition to its evidence review, the committee held a data gathering workshop that tapped a range of expertise relevant to its task.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13485/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-examining-the-evidence-to-define-benefit", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "The Role of Nutrition in Maintaining Health in the Nation's Elderly: Evaluating Coverage of Nutrition Services for the Medicare Population", isbn = "978-0-309-06846-8", abstract = "Malnutrition and obesity are both common among Americans over age 65. There are also a host of other medical conditions from which older people and other Medicare beneficiaries suffer that could be improved with appropriate nutritional intervention. Despite that, access to a nutrition professional is very limited.\n\n Do nutrition services benefit older people in terms of morbidity, mortality, or quality of life?\n Which health professionals are best qualified to provide such services?\n What would be the cost to Medicare of such services? Would the cost be offset by reduced illness in this population?\n\nThis book addresses these questions, provides recommendations for nutrition services for the elderly, and considers how the coverage policy should be approached and practiced. The book discusses the role of nutrition therapy in the management of a number of diseases. It also examines what the elderly receive in the way of nutrition services along the continuum of care settings and addresses the areas of expertise needed by health professionals to provide appropriate nutrition services and therapy.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9741/the-role-of-nutrition-in-maintaining-health-in-the-nations-elderly", year = 2000, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Leslie Pray and Ann L. Yaktine", title = "Examining Access to Nutrition Care in Outpatient Cancer Centers: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-44585-6", abstract = "An estimated 90 percent of oncology patients in the United States receive treatment in outpatient cancer centers and clinics. This change from the older model of inpatient care has important implications for overall quality of care for oncology patients and nutritional care in particular. Amidst growing concern about access to oncology nutrition services, combined with growing recognition of the importance of providing nutritional care to optimize oncology treatment outcomes and maximize quality of life among both patients and survivors of cancer, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a public workshop in March 2016 to explore evolving interactions between nutritional care, cancer, and health outcomes. \n\nParticipants explored how health outcomes and survival of cancer patients in outpatient cancer centers are affected by current standards for nutritional services, nutritional interventions, and benefits associated with oncology patient access to medical nutrition therapy. They also studied the cost of outpatient nutritional care and assessed cost\u2013benefit relationships between oncology nutrition services and health outcomes and survival. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23579/examining-access-to-nutrition-care-in-outpatient-cancer-centers-proceedings", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Framework for Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program: Interim Report", isbn = "978-0-309-07263-2", abstract = "The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), part of the National Academies, was asked to evaluate the use of various dietary assessment tools and to make recommendations for the assessment of inadequate or inappropriate dietary patterns. These assessments should accurately identify dietary risk of individuals and thus eligibility for participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The Committee on Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program was appointed for the 2-year study and directed to develop an interim report which was to include (1) a framework for assessing inadequate diet or inappropriate dietary patterns, (2) a summary of a workshop on methods to assess dietary risk, and (3) the results of literature searches conducted to date.\nThis interim report includes these three components. Building on the approach used in the 1996 IOM report, WIC Nutrition Risk Criteria, the framework proposed by the committee identifies characteristics of dietary assessment tools that can identify dietary patterns or behaviors for which there is scientific evidence of increased nutrition or health risk in either the short or long-term. The proposed framework consists of eight characteristics that a food intake and\/or behavior-based tool should have when used to determine eligibility to participate in WIC programs. This interim report also includes authored summaries of the presentations at the workshop, along with the results of literature searches conducted in the initial phase of the study.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9991/framework-for-dietary-risk-assessment-in-the-wic-program-interim", year = 2000, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Weight Management: State of the Science and Opportunities for Military Programs", isbn = "978-0-309-08996-8", abstract = " The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed\nForces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. \n\nThe current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment.\n\nTo aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in\nmilitary personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management.\n\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10783/weight-management-state-of-the-science-and-opportunities-for-military", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Melissa Maitin-Shepard and Marian Flaxman", title = "Use of Meta-Analyses in Nutrition Research and Policy: Interpretation and Application of Meta-Analysis to Evaluate the Totality of Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "The third workshop in the series on the use of meta-analysis in nutrition research and policy, held on October 3, 2023, focused on the process for evaluating the strength of the totality of evidence for diet and health relationships, with consideration of the type of study designs (observational and interventions) and risk of bias. The workshop series concluded with a discussion of the different applications of meta-analysis to inform policy and guidance.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27468/use-of-meta-analyses-in-nutrition-research-and-policy-interpretation", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Kathleen M. Rasmussen and Ann L. Yaktine and Katherine M. Delaney", title = "Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: A Midcourse Report", isbn = "978-0-309-27408-1", abstract = "This midcourse report provides an initial assessment of how the process used to develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 (DGA) compares to the recommendations in the 2017 National Academies report on redesigning the process for establishing the DGA. It also assesses the criteria and processes for including the scientific studies used to develop the guidelines. The scope of this study was to address the process and not the content of the guidelines.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26406/evaluating-the-process-to-develop-the-dietary-guidelines-for-americans-2020-2025", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Melissa Maitin-Shepard and Marian Flaxman", title = "Use of Meta-Analyses in Nutrition Research and Policy: Proceedings of a Workshop Series", isbn = "978-0-309-71579-9", abstract = "The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop series that gathered researchers, government officials, and other global leaders in nutrition research and policy. The event, sponsored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), carefully considered meta-analysis methodologies that could in turn be used to advance nutrition research, develop policy, and inform regulatory decision-making.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27481/use-of-meta-analyses-in-nutrition-research-and-policy-proceedings", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Kathleen M. Rasmussen and Ann L. Yaktine and Katherine M. Delaney and Emily A. Callahan", title = "Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report", isbn = "978-0-309-69159-8", abstract = "In response to a request from Congress, the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study comparing the process to develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 (DGA 2020-2025) to recommendations included in the previously published National Academies report, Redesigning the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This report describes the findings of the committee and conclusions related to this assessment. Notably, this report does not evaluate the merits of the DGA 2020-2025 but evaluates the process by which they were created relative to the recommendations made in the previously published National Academies report.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26653/evaluating-the-process-to-develop-the-dietary-guidelines-for-americans-2020-2025", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Redesigning the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans", isbn = "978-0-309-46482-6", abstract = "What foods should Americans eat to promote their health, and in what amounts? What is the scientific evidence that supports specific recommendations for dietary intake to reduce the risk of multifactorial chronic disease? These questions are critically important because dietary intake has been recognized to have a role as a key determinant of health.\n\nAs the primary federal source of consistent, evidence-based information on dietary practices for optimal nutrition, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) have the promise to empower Americans to make informed decisions about what and how much they eat to improve health and reduce the risk of chronic disease. The adoption and widespread translation of the DGA requires that they be universally viewed as valid, evidence-based, and free of bias and conflicts of interest to the extent possible. However, this has not routinely been the case.\n\nA first short report meant to inform the 2020 review cycle explored how the advisory committee selection process can be improved to provide more transparency, eliminate bias, and include committee members with a range of viewpoints. This second and final report recommends changes to the DGA process to reduce and manage sources of bias and conflicts of interest, improve timely opportunities for engagement by all interested parties, enhance transparency, and strengthen the science base of the process.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24883/redesigning-the-process-for-establishing-the-dietary-guidelines-for-americans", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "The Role of Seafood Consumption in Child Growth and Development", isbn = "978-0-309-71698-7", abstract = "Seafood--including marine and freshwater fish, mollusks, and crustaceans--is a healthy food choice, but it can also contain contaminants. It is currently unclear how much seafood children or pregnant and lactating women are consuming, and what impact seafood consumption is having on children's growth and development.The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tasked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine with convening an expert committee to examine associations between seafood intake for children, adolescents, and pregnant and lactating women and child growth and development. The committee also evaluated when to conduct risk-benefit analyses (RBAs), while considering contextual factors such as equity, diversity, inclusion, and access to health care, and explored how these factors might impact RBAs.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27623/the-role-of-seafood-consumption-in-child-growth-and-development", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Carol E. H. Scott-Conner and Daniel R. Masys and Catharyn T. Liverman", title = "Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks: 2015 Letter Report", isbn = "978-0-309-38061-4", abstract = "Review of NASA's Evidence Reports on Human Health Risks 2015 Letter Report is the third in a series of five reports from the Institute of Medicine that will independently review more than 30 evidence reports that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has compiled on human health risks for long-duration and exploration space flights. This report builds on the 2008 IOM report Review of NASA's Human Research Program Evidence Books: A Letter Report, which provided an initial and brief review of the evidence reports.\n\nThis letter report reviews seven evidence reports and examines the quality of the evidence, analysis, and overall construction of each report; identifies existing gaps in report content; and provides suggestions for additional sources of expert input. The report analyzes each evidence report's overall quality, which included readability; internal consistency; the source and breadth of cited evidence; identification of existing knowledge and research gaps; authorship expertise; and, if applicable, response to recommendations from the 2008 IOM letter report.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21844/review-of-nasas-evidence-reports-on-human-health-risks-2015", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Melissa Maitin-Shepard and Marian Flaxman", title = "Use of Meta-Analyses in Nutrition Research and Policy: Best Practices of Conducting Meta-Analysis: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "The second workshop in the series on the use of meta-analysis in nutrition research and policy, held on September 25, 2023, focused on best practices for conducting meta-analyses with consideration of the potential for data extraction errors, risk of bias, and publication bias. Speakers took special care to discuss proper methods for interpreting meta-analyses, addressing assumption violations and expectations for statistical heterogeneity.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27467/use-of-meta-analyses-in-nutrition-research-and-policy-best", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Optimizing the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans: The Selection Process", isbn = "978-0-309-45360-8", abstract = "Federal guidance on nutrition and diet is intended to reflect the state of the science and deliver the most reliable recommendations possible according to the best available evidence. This guidance, updated and presented every 5 years in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), serves as the basis for all federal nutrition policies and nutrition assistance programs, as well as nutrition education programs. Despite the use of the guidelines over the past 30 years, recent challenges prompted Congress to question the process by which food and nutrition guidance is developed. \n\nThis report assesses the process used to develop the guidelines; it does not evaluate the substance or use of the guidelines. As part of an overall, comprehensive review of the process to update the DGA, this first report seeks to discover how the advisory committee selection process can be improved to provide more transparency, eliminate bias, and include committee members with a range of viewpoints for the purpose of informing the 2020 cycle.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24637/optimizing-the-process-for-establishing-the-dietary-guidelines-for-americans", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "WIC Nutrition Risk Criteria: A Scientific Assessment", isbn = "978-0-309-05385-3", abstract = "This book reviews the scientific basis for nutrition risk criteria used to establish eligibility for participation in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The volume also examines the specific segments of the WIC population at risk for each criterion, identifies gaps in the scientific knowledge base, formulates recommendations regarding appropriate criteria, and where applicable, recommends values for determining who is at risk for each criterion. Recommendations for program action and research are made to strengthen the validity of nutrition risk criteria used in the WIC program.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5071/wic-nutrition-risk-criteria-a-scientific-assessment", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Shiriki Kumanyika and Maria P. Oria", title = "Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease", isbn = "978-0-309-46256-3", abstract = "Since 1938 and 1941, nutrient intake recommendations have been issued to the public in Canada and the United States, respectively. Currently defined as the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), these values are a set of standards established by consensus committees under the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and used for planning and assessing diets of apparently healthy individuals and groups.\n\nIn 2015, a multidisciplinary working group sponsored by the Canadian and U.S. government DRI steering committees convened to identify key scientific challenges encountered in the use of chronic disease endpoints to establish DRI values. Their report, Options for Basing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) on Chronic Disease: Report from a Joint US-\/Canadian-Sponsored Working Group, outlined and proposed ways to address conceptual and methodological challenges related to the work of future DRI Committees. This report assesses the options presented in the previous report and determines guiding principles for including chronic disease endpoints for food substances that will be used by future National Academies committees in establishing DRIs.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24828/guiding-principles-for-developing-dietary-reference-intakes-based-on-chronic-disease", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Leslie Pray", title = "Nutrigenomics and the Future of Nutrition: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-47764-2", abstract = "On December 5, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop titled Nutrigenomics and the Future of Nutrition in Washington, DC, to review current knowledge in the field of nutrigenomics as it relates to nutrition. Workshop participants explored the influence of genetic and epigenetic expression on nutritional status and the potential impact of personalized nutrition on health maintenance and chronic disease prevention. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25147/nutrigenomics-and-the-future-of-nutrition-proceedings-of-a-workshop", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Melissa Maitin-Shepard and Marian Flaxman", title = "Use of Meta-Analyses in Nutrition Research and Policy: Planning of Meta-Analysis: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "The first workshop in the series on the use of meta-analysis in nutrition research and policy, held on September 19, 2023, focused on best practices for planning systematic reviews and meta-analyses for nutrition research. This was emphasized as a critical need for the development of future nutrition policy.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27466/use-of-meta-analyses-in-nutrition-research-and-policy-planning", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Erin Fox", title = "Building Resilience in the Face of Emerging Threats to Child and Youth Well-Being: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "In the face of growing threats to child and youth well-being - whether it be the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, systemic racism, or new crises that have yet to arise - it is imperative that youth well-being be promoted through the development of strong resilience skills. To explore strategies for building youth resilience, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Forum for Childrens Well-Being held a 3-day workshop in October 2022. The workshop included presentations from experts, as well as moderated conversations between the presenters and youth discussants. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a high-level summary of the topics addressed in the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26904/building-resilience-in-the-face-of-emerging-threats-to-child-and-youth-well-being", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Leslie Pray", title = "Nutrition Across the Lifespan for Healthy Aging: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "On September 13-14, 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Food Forum convened a workshop in Washington, DC, to (1) examine trends and patterns in aging and factors related to healthy aging in the United States with a focus on nutrition; (2) examine how nutrition can sustain and promote healthy aging, not only in late adulthood, but beginning in pregnancy and early childhood and extending throughout the lifespan; (3) highlight the role of nutrition in the aging process at various stages in life; (4) discuss changes in organ systems over the lifespan, including the skeletal, muscular, and cardiovascular systems, and changes that occur with age related to cognitive, brain, and mental health; diet-related sensory preferences; oral health; and the microbiome; and (5) explore opportunities\nto move forward in promoting healthy aging in the United States.\nThis Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes key points of the workshop presentations and discussions.\nA comprehensive summary of the workshop will be publicly available in a forthcoming full-length Proceedings of a\nWorkshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24641/nutrition-across-the-lifespan-for-healthy-aging-proceedings-of-a", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }