@BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Kathleen Rasmussen and Ann L. Yaktine and Alice Vorosmarti", title = "Scanning for New Evidence on the Nutrient Content of Human Milk: A Process Model for Determining Age-Specific Nutrient Requirements", isbn = "978-0-309-68344-9", abstract = "Human milk is considered the biologic norm for feeding the human infant during the first 6 months of life, and it is a preferred food from 6 to 12 months. It is a complex food and exerts its biologic effects well beyond its known nutritional value; however, human milk composition and the complexity of its composition is not wholly known or understood. Thus, defining the composition of milk, as well as both the individual and combined effects of milk components and the volume consumed on infant growth and development, is central to optimizing infant health. Furthermore, defining human milk composition, volume, and the myriad factors that influence milk components is needed for developing future Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) standards for nutrient intakes during the first 12 months of life.\nScanning for New Evidence on the Nutrient Content of Human Milk examines the new and emerging evidence describing the nutrient content of human milk as well as the volume of milk consumed, both of which are needed to understand nutrient consumption by healthy breastfed infants. An evidence scan approach was used to summarize the status of the published literature on the nutrient content of human milk and to identify new evidence on nutrients in human milk that could inform the need for a systematic review as a component of the DRI process. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25943/scanning-for-new-evidence-on-the-nutrient-content-of-human-milk", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp", isbn = "978-0-309-47322-4", abstract = "Aquaculture now supplies half of the seafood and fisheries products consumed worldwide and is gaining international significance as a source of food and income. Future demands for seafood and fisheries products can only be met by expanded aquaculture production. Such production will likely become more intensive and will depend increasingly on nutritious and efficient aquaculture feeds containing ingredients from sustainable sources.\n\nTo meet this challenge, Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp provides a comprehensive summary of current knowledge about nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp and supporting nutritional science. This edition incorporates new material and significant updates to information in the 1993 edition. It also examines the practical aspects of feeding of fish and shrimp.\n\nNutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp will be a key resource for everyone involved in aquaculture and for others responsible for the feeding and care of fish and shrimp. It will also aid scientists in developing new and improved approaches to satisfy the demands of the growing aquaculture industry.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13039/nutrient-requirements-of-fish-and-shrimp", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Eighth Revised Edition", isbn = "978-0-309-27335-0", abstract = "Since 1944, the National Research Council (NRC) has published seven editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the cattle and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for beef cattle. The cattle industry has undergone considerable changes since the seventh revised edition was published in 2000 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate.\nThe eighth revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle builds on the previous editions. A great deal of new research has been published during the past 14 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of beef in all stages of life, this volume includes new information about phosphorus and sulfur contents; a review of nutritional and feeding strategies to minimize nutrient losses in manure and reduce greenhouse gas production; a discussion of the effect of feeding on the nutritional quality and food safety of beef; new information about nutrient metabolism and utilization; new information on feed additives that alter rumen metabolism and postabsorptive metabolism; and future areas of needed research. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated.\nNutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on beef cattle nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious beef production.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19014/nutrient-requirements-of-beef-cattle-eighth-revised-edition", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Swine: Eleventh Revised Edition", isbn = "978-0-309-48903-4", abstract = "Since 1944, the National Research Council has published 10 editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Swine. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the swine and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for swine. The swine industry has undergone considerable changes since the tenth edition was published in 1998 and some of the requirements and recommendations set forth at that time are no longer relevant or appropriate.\nThe eleventh revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Swine builds on the previous editions published by the National Research Council. A great deal of new research has been published during the last 15 years and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. In addition to a thorough and current evaluation of the literature on the energy and nutrient requirements of swine in all stages of life, this volume includes information about feed ingredients from the biofuels industry and other new ingredients, requirements for digestible phosphorus and concentrations of it in feed ingredients, a review of the effects of feed additives and feed processing, and strategies to increase nutrient retention and thus reduce fecal and urinary excretions that could contribute to environmental pollution. The tables of feed ingredient composition are significantly updated.\nNutrient Requirements of Swine represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on swine nutrition and ingredient composition that will allow efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious swine production.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13298/nutrient-requirements-of-swine-eleventh-revised-edition", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Eighth Revised Edition", isbn = "978-0-309-71449-5", abstract = "Since 1944, the National Research Council (NRC) has published seven editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. This reference has guided nutritionists and other professionals in academia and the dairy and feed industries in developing and implementing nutritional and feeding programs for dairy cattle.\nThe eighth revised edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle builds on the previous editions. A great deal of new research has been published and there is a large amount of new information for many nutrients. This book represents a comprehensive review of the most recent information available on efficient, profitable, and environmentally conscious dairy cattle nutrition and ingredient composition.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25806/nutrient-requirements-of-dairy-cattle-eighth-revised-edition", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats", isbn = "978-0-309-48892-1", abstract = "Updating recommendations last made by the National Research Council in the mid-1980s, this report provides nutrient recommendations based on physical activity and stage in life, major factors that influence nutrient needs. It looks at how nutrients are metabolized in the bodies of dogs and cats, indications of nutrient deficiency, and diseases related to poor nutrition. The report provides a valuable resource for industry professionals formulating diets, scientists setting research agendas, government officials developing regulations for pet food labeling, and as a university textbook for dog and cat nutrition. It can also guide pet owners feeding decisions for their pets with information on specific nutrient needs, characteristics of different types of pet foods, and factors to consider when feeding cats and dogs.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10668/nutrient-requirements-of-dogs-and-cats", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "", url = "", year = , publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates: Second Revised Edition", isbn = "978-0-309-06989-2", abstract = "This new release presents the wealth of information gleaned about nonhuman primates nutrition since the previous edition was published in 1978. With expanded coverage of natural dietary habits, gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology, and the nutrient needs of species that have been difficult to maintain in captivity, it explores the impact on nutrition of physiological and life-stage considerations: infancy, weaning, immune function, obesity, aging, and more. The committee also discusses issues of environmental enrichment such as opportunities for foraging. \n\nBased on the world's scientific literature and input from authoritative sources, the book provides best estimates of nutrient requirements. The volume covers requirements for energy: carbohydrates, including the role of dietary fiber; proteins and amino acids; fats and fatty acids; minerals, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins; and water. The book also analyzes the composition of important foods and feed ingredients and offers guidelines on feed processing and diet formulation.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9826/nutrient-requirements-of-nonhuman-primates-second-revised-edition", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Horses: Sixth Revised Edition", isbn = "978-0-309-48895-2", abstract = "Proper formulation of diets for horses depends on adequate knowledge of\ntheir nutrient requirements. These requirements depend on the breed and\nage of the horse and whether it is exercising, pregnant, or lactating.\n\nA great deal of new information has been accumulated since the publication 17 years ago of the last edition of Nutrient Requirements of Horses. This new edition features a detailed review of scientific literature, summarizing all the latest information, and provides a new set of requirements based on revised data. Also included is updated information on the composition of feeds, feed additives, and other compounds routinely fed to horses. The effects of physiological factors, such as exercise, and environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, are covered, as well. Nutrient Requirements of Horses also contains information on several nutritional and metabolic diseases that horses often have. \n\nDesigned primarily as a reference, both practical and technical, Nutrient Requirements of Horses is intended to ensure that the diets of horses and other equids contain adequate amounts of nutrients and that the intakes of certain nutrients are not so excessive that they inhibit performance or impair health. This book is primarily intended for animal nutritionists, veterinarians, and other scientists; however, individual horse owners and managers will also find some of this material useful. Professors who teach graduate courses in animal nutrition will find Nutrient Requirements of Horses beneficial as a textbook.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11653/nutrient-requirements-of-horses-sixth-revised-edition", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Jennifer J. Otten and Jennifer Pitzi Hellwig and Linda D. Meyers", title = "Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements", isbn = "978-0-309-15742-1", abstract = "Widely regarded as the classic reference work for the nutrition, dietetic, and allied health professions since its introduction in 1943, Recommended Dietary Allowances has been the accepted source in nutrient allowances for healthy people. Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, in partnership with Health Canada, has updated what used to be known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and renamed their new approach to these guidelines Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).\nSince 1998, the Institute of Medicine has issued eight exhaustive volumes of DRIs that offer quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. Now, for the first time, all eight volumes are summarized in one easy-to-use reference volume, Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment. Organized by nutrient for ready use, this popular reference volume reviews the function of each nutrient in the human body, food sources, usual dietary intakes, and effects of deficiencies and excessive intakes. For each nutrient of food component, information includes:\n\n Estimated average requirement and its standard deviation by age and gender.\n Recommended dietary allowance, based on the estimated average requirement and deviation.\n Adequate intake level, where a recommended dietary allowance cannot be based on an estimated average requirement.\n Tolerable upper intake levels above which risk of toxicity would increase.\n Along with dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, this book presents recommendations for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk.\n\nAlso included is a \"Summary Table of Dietary Reference Intakes,\" an updated practical summary of the recommendations. In addition, Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment provides information about:\n\n Guiding principles for nutrition labeling and fortification\n Applications in dietary planning\n Proposed definition of dietary fiber\n A risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients\n Proposed definition and plan for review of dietary antioxidants and related compounds\n\nDietitians, community nutritionists, nutrition educators, nutritionists working in government agencies, and nutrition students at the postsecondary level, as well as other health professionals, will find Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment an invaluable resource.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11537/dietary-reference-intakes-the-essential-guide-to-nutrient-requirements", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition: Update 2000", abstract = "As members of the public becomes more concious of the food they consume and its content, higher standards are expected in the preparation of such food. The updated seventh edition of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle explores the impact of cattle's biological, production, and environmental diversities, as well as variations on nutrient utilization and requirements. More enhanced than previous editions, this edition expands on the descriptions of cattle and their nutritional requirements taking management and environmental conditions into consideration. The book clearly communicates the current state of beef cattle nutrient requirements and animal variation by visually presenting related data via computer-generated models.\nNutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle expounds on the effects of beef cattle body condition on the state of compensatory growth, takes an in-depth look at the variations in cattle type, and documents the important effects of the environment and stress on food intake. This volume also uses new data on the development of a fetus during pregnancy to prescribe nutrient requirements of gestating cattle more precisely. By focusing on factors such as product quality and environmental awareness, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle presents standards and advisements for acceptable nutrients in a complete and conventional manner that promotes a more practical understanding and application.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9791/nutrient-requirements-of-beef-cattle-seventh-revised-edition-update-2000", year = 2000, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids", isbn = "978-0-309-47323-1", abstract = "Updating two previous National Research Council publications, Nutrient\nRequirements of Sheep, Sixth Revised Edition, 1985, and Nutrient Requirements\nof Goats, First Edition, 1981, this new book provides an evaluation of the scientific\nliterature on the nutrient requirements of small ruminants in all\nstages of life. In addition, effects of the environment, feed additives, and\nmetabolism modifiers on nutrient requirements are addressed. Proper formulation\nof diets for small ruminants depends on adequate knowledge of\ntheir nutrient requirements. These requirements depend on the breed and\nage of the animal and whether he or she is exercising, pregnant, or lactating.\nNutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants brings together a summary of\nthis latest data with new and expanded information on the composition of\nfeeds commonly consumed by small ruminants, both domestic and wild.\nFor the first time this authoritative reference work includes information on\ncervids and camelids. Primarily intended for animal nutritionists, veterinarians,\nand other scientists, some sections will be useful to individual sheep\nand goat owners and managers and to those responsible for the care and\nmanagement of wildlife species. As both a practical and a technical reference\nbook, this material is written to ensure that diets of small ruminants\ncontain adequate amounts of nutrients and that intakes of certain nutrients\nare not so excessive that they inhibit performance or impair health.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11654/nutrient-requirements-of-small-ruminants-sheep-goats-cervids-and-new", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 2001", isbn = "978-0-309-06997-7", abstract = "This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions.\n\nThe book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive \"Help\" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. \n\nThe committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9825/nutrient-requirements-of-dairy-cattle-seventh-revised-edition-2001", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Nutrient Requirements for Foxes and Minks: Nutrient Requirements for Domestic Animals, Number VII", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21127/nutrient-requirements-for-foxes-and-minks-nutrient-requirements-for-domestic", year = 1953, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Rabbits,: Second Revised Edition, 1977", isbn = "978-0-309-02607-9", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/35/nutrient-requirements-of-rabbits-second-revised-edition-1977", year = 1977, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Nutrient Requirements of Sheep", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20670/nutrient-requirements-of-sheep", year = 1957, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Meghan Harrison", title = "Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: Exploring New Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine last reviewed the state of the science on nutrition during pregnancy and lactation 30 years ago with the publication of Nutrition During Pregnancy (IOM, 1990) and Nutrition During Lactation (IOM, 1991). In the intervening period, there have been advancements in evidence on nutrients, dietary patterns, nutritional supplements, and other nutrition-based topics relevant to pregnancy and lactation. On January 29-30, 2020, the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies convened a workshop in Washington, DC, to explore where new evidence has emerged. The workshop included, but was not limited to, discussion of the current state of the science on requirements for specific nutrients, relationships between intake during pregnancy and outcomes for the mother and child, alignment of dietary and supplement intake with existing recommendations, factors that affect lactation and human milk composition, and equity in access to nutritional care. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights key points made by participants.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25831/nutrition-during-pregnancy-and-lactation-exploring-new-evidence-proceedings-of", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nutrient Requirements of Horses,: Fifth Revised Edition, 1989", abstract = "This update of a standard reference in horse care reflects the results of the decade of research on horse nutrition that has taken place since the previous edition. The volume presents equations for calculating daily requirements for major dietary components, tables of daily nutrient requirements calculated from the equations, tables of nutrient concentrations required in total diets, composition of feeds commonly used for horses, extensive references, and more.\nPlus, purchasers will receive a computer diskette with programs to calculate requirements for energy, protein, lysine, major minerals, and vitamin A.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1213/nutrient-requirements-of-horses-fifth-revised-edition-1989", year = 1989, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Fourth revised edition, 1971", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20681/nutrient-requirements-of-dairy-cattle-fourth-revised-edition-1971", year = 1971, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle: Fourth revised edition, 1970", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20683/nutrient-requirements-of-beef-cattle-fourth-revised-edition-1970", year = 1970, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }