TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Linda S. Dix TI - Minorities: Their Underrepresentation and Career Differentials in Science and Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop DO - 10.17226/18785 PY - 1987 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18785/minorities-their-underrepresentation-and-career-differentials-in-science-and-engineering PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Education ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Engineering Studies at Tribal Colleges and Universities SN - DO - 10.17226/11582 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11582/engineering-studies-at-tribal-colleges-and-universities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Engineering and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Erin Forstag TI - Intergenerational Poverty and Mobility Among Native Americans in the United States: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26909 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26909/intergenerational-poverty-and-mobility-among-native-americans-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - On July 22 and 25, 2022, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held an information gathering meeting titled, Intergenerational Poverty and Mobility Among Native Americans in the U.S. The meeting was held to inform the future consensus report of the National Academies Committee on Policies and Programs to Reduce Intergenerational Poverty. Building on the findings of the 2019 report, A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty, this ad hoc committee was convened by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families to identify policies and programs with the potential to reduce long-term, intergenerational poverty. The harmful effects of living in poverty during childhood can entrench families and communities in poverty, leading to the transmission of poverty from one generation to the next. This cycle has a disproportionate effect on Native American families. This public information-gathering meeting was held to engage with leaders, researchers, and practitioners on issues surrounding intergenerational poverty and mobility among Native American families in the United States, including exploring key structural determinants of entrenched poverty and promising interventions designed to address those determinants. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola TI - Using Research and Technology to Address Compounding Disparities: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/25738 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25738/using-research-and-technology-to-address-compounding-disparities-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - A multi-sectoral, interdisciplinary approach to understanding the dimensions and determinants of social disparities and their intersections is necessary to work toward equity and equality of opportunity as rapid technology innovation changes the future of work. To examine the matter, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable held a workshop at the National Academy of Sciences on October 15-16, 2019 to consider how the research community of federal and state governments, academia, companies, and other actors can take institutional and collective action to identify and address disparities at the intersections that will make interventions most effective. The workshop explored how research institutions act as anchors in their communities to reach marginalized populations and considered best practices for community engagement. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Erin Hammers Forstag TI - Intergenerational Poverty and Mobility Among Native Americans in the United States: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26903 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26903/intergenerational-poverty-and-mobility-among-native-americans-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Experiencing poverty during childhood can lead to lasting harmful effects in which poverty is passed on to future generations - a cycle that disproportionately affects Native American families. To identify policies and programs that can reduce long-term, intergenerational poverty among Native Americans in the United States, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families held information-gathering sessions on July 22, 2022 and July 25, 2022. In these sessions, key historical and structural factors that lead to entrenched poverty were examined as well as promising interventions for addressing them. Importantly, these sessions included a conversation with community leaders on their experiences with and work on intergenerational poverty as well as key data and trends on this topic. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Karen M. Anderson A2 - Steve Olson TI - Advancing Health Equity for Native American Youth: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21766 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21766/advancing-health-equity-for-native-american-youth-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - More than 2 million Americans below age 24 self-identify as being of American Indian or Alaska Native descent. Many of the serious behavioral, emotional, and physical health concerns facing young people today are especially prevalent with Native youth (e.g., depression, violence, and substance abuse). Adolescent Native Americans have death rates two to five times the rate of whites in the same age group because of higher levels of suicide and a variety of risky behaviors (e.g., drug and alcohol use, inconsistent school attendance). Violence, including intentional injuries, homicide, and suicide, accounts for three-quarters of deaths for Native American youth ages 12 to 20. Suicide is the second leading cause of death—and 2.5 times the national rate—for Native youth ages 15 to 24. Arrayed against these health problems are vital cultural strengths on which Native Americans can draw. At a workshop held in 2012, by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, presenters described many of these strengths, including community traditions and beliefs, social support networks, close-knit families, and individual resilience. In May 2014, the Academies held a follow-up workshop titled Advancing Health Equity for Native American Youth. Participants discussed issues related to (1) the visibility of racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care as a national problem, (2) the development of programs and strategies by and for Native and Indigenous communities to reduce disparities and build resilience, and (3) the emergence of supporting Native expertise and leadership. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Karen M. Anderson A2 - Steve Olson TI - Leveraging Culture to Address Health Inequalities: Examples from Native Communities: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18496 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18496/leveraging-culture-to-address-health-inequalities-examples-from-native-communities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Leveraging Culture to Address Health Inequalities: Examples from Native Communities is the summary of a workshop convened in November 2012 by the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity and the Elimination of Health Disparities of the Institute of Medicine. The workshop brought together more than 100 health care providers, policy makers, program administrators, researchers, and Native advocates to discuss the sizable health inequities affecting Native American, Alaska Native, First Nation, and Pacific Islander populations and the potential role of culture in helping to reduce those inequities. This report summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop and includes case studies that examine programs aimed at diabetes prevention and management and cancer prevention and treatment programs. In Native American tradition, the medicine wheel encompasses four different components of health: physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual. Health and well-being require balance within and among all four components. Thus, whether someone remains healthy depends as much on what happens around that person as on what happens within. Leveraging Culture to Address Health Inequalities addresses the broad role of culture in contributing to and ameliorating health inequities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Lorelle L. Espinosa A2 - Kent McGuire A2 - Leigh Miles Jackson TI - Minority Serving Institutions: America's Underutilized Resource for Strengthening the STEM Workforce SN - DO - 10.17226/25257 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25257/minority-serving-institutions-americas-underutilized-resource-for-strengthening-the-stem PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Industry and Labor KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - There are over 20 million young people of color in the United States whose representation in STEM education pathways and in the STEM workforce is still far below their numbers in the general population. Their participation could help re-establish the United States' preeminence in STEM innovation and productivity, while also increasing the number of well-educated STEM workers. There are nearly 700 minority-serving institutions (MSIs) that provide pathways to STEM educational success and workforce readiness for millions of students of color—and do so in a mission-driven and intentional manner. They vary substantially in their origins, missions, student demographics, and levels of institutional selectivity. But in general, their service to the nation provides a gateway to higher education and the workforce, particularly for underrepresented students of color and those from low-income and first-generation to college backgrounds. The challenge for the nation is how to capitalize on the unique strengths and attributes of these institutions and to equip them with the resources, exceptional faculty talent, and vital infrastructure needed to educate and train an increasingly critical portion of current and future generations of scientists, engineers, and health professionals. Minority Serving Institutions examines the nation's MSIs and identifies promising programs and effective strategies that have the highest potential return on investment for the nation by increasing the quantity and quality MSI STEM graduates. This study also provides critical information and perspective about the importance of MSIs to other stakeholders in the nation's system of higher education and the organizations that support them. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Komal Syed A2 - Elizabeth T. Cady A2 - Cameron H. Fletcher TI - Connecting Efforts to Support Minorities in Engineering Education: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/27238 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27238/connecting-efforts-to-support-minorities-in-engineering-education-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Despite calls to increase diversity throughout the engineering education enterprise and years of efforts by and collaborations between universities, K-12 schools, and professional societies and other education- or equity-related organizations, Black or African-American individuals, American Indian or Alaska Native individuals, and Hispanic or Latine individuals of any race do not participate in engineering education and occupations at parity, defined as the same proportions as their representation in the US population. To review current and past efforts and explore ways to progress to a more diverse engineering profession and reach parity in comparison to the US population, the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) convened a virtual 3-day workshop series on March 18, March 30, and April 20, 2022. Attendees considered existing collaborations between extramural initiatives that support engineering student success and universities seeking to recruit and retain these students in undergraduate and advanced engineering education. Participants also shared potential new approaches for enhancing coordination among the various levels of the engineering education system to reach parity. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Kenji Hakuta A2 - Alexandra Beatty TI - Testing English-Language Learners in U.S. Schools: Report and Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/9998 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9998/testing-english-language-learners-in-us-schools-report-and-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The Committee on Educational Excellence and Testing Equity was created under the auspices of the National Research Council (NRC), and specifically under the oversight of the Board on Testing and Assessment (BOTA). The committee's charge is to explore the challenges that face U.S. schools as they work to achieve the related goals of academic excellence and equity for all students. This report provides not only the summary of a workshop held by the forum on the testing of English-language learners (students learning English as an additional language) in U.S. schools, but also a report on the committee's conclusions derived from that workshop and from subsequent deliberations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Ester Sztein A2 - Paula Whitacre TI - America's Geoheritage II: Identifying, Developing, and Preserving America's Natural Legacy: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26316 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26316/americas-geoheritage-ii-identifying-developing-and-preserving-americas-natural-legacy PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - America is endowed with places that embody a rich geoheritage, from sites where indigenous people subsisted for millennia, to mines that furnished the raw materials that built U.S. industry, to mountain ranges and river gorges with unparalleled recreational opportunities, to field sites where students can truly understand a geological process, to places of aesthetic or spiritual value, and many more across all states and territories. In order to assess the status of geoheritage and the activities of its practitioners in the United States in light of social, political, and environmental changes over the past ten years, the National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine convened a series of virtual webinars and a workshop. From September to December 2020, a Distinguished Speakers Webinar Program composed of eight webinars provided an overview of geoheritage initiatives, as well as focused presentations on geoheritage related to federal and state lands, cultural heritage, education, research, and economic development and geotourism. In January 2021, 101 land managers, state geologists, educators, researchers, and members and staff of professional societies and nongovernmental organizations participated in a virtual writing workshop to aggregate and organize community input on strategies and best practices in developing geoheritage sites across the United States. The participants were divided into focus groups that roughly aligned with the topics explored in the fall 2020 workshops. The groups worked synchronously and asynchronously over the course of a week, then presented their ideas in a plenary session. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the webinars and workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Evelynn Hammonds A2 - Valerie Taylor A2 - Rebekah Hutton TI - Transforming Trajectories for Women of Color in Tech SN - DO - 10.17226/26345 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26345/transforming-trajectories-for-women-of-color-in-tech PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - Demand for tech professionals is expected to increase substantially over the next decade, and increasing the number of women of color in tech will be critical to building and maintaining a competitive workforce. Despite years of efforts to increase the diversity of the tech workforce, women of color have remained underrepresented, and the numbers of some groups of women of color have even declined. Even in cases where some groups of women of color may have higher levels of representation, data show that they still face significant systemic challenges in advancing to positions of leadership. Research evidence suggests that structural and social barriers in tech education, the tech workforce, and in venture capital investment disproportionately and negatively affect women of color. Transforming Trajectories for Women of Color in Tech uses current research as well as information obtained through four public information-gathering workshops to provide recommendations to a broad set of stakeholders within the tech ecosystem for increasing recruitment, retention, and advancement of women of color. This report identifies gaps in existing research that obscure the nature of challenges faced by women of color in tech, addresses systemic issues that negatively affect outcomes for women of color in tech, and provides guidance for transforming existing systems and implementing evidence-based policies and practices to increase the success of women of color in tech. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Sarah M. Tracey A2 - Erin Kellogg A2 - Clarissa E. Sanchez A2 - Wendy Keenan TI - Achieving Behavioral Health Equity for Children, Families, and Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25347 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25347/achieving-behavioral-health-equity-for-children-families-and-communities-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - In November 2017, the The Forum on Promoting Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health, in collaboration with the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity, convened a workshop on promoting children's behavioral health equity. The workshop used a socio-ecological developmental model to explore health equity of children and families, including those with complex needs and chronic conditions. Particular attention was paid to challenges experienced by children and families in both rural and urban contexts, to include but not limited to poverty, individual and institutional racism, low-resourced communities, and hindered access to educational and health care services. Workshop participants also engaged in solution-oriented discussions of initiatives, policies, and programs that aim to improve social determinants of health, opportunities for behavioral health promotion, and access to quality services that address the behavioral health of all children and families. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the event. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Assessing and Responding to the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments SN - DO - 10.17226/24926 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24926/assessing-and-responding-to-the-growth-of-computer-science-undergraduate-enrollments PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - The field of computer science (CS) is currently experiencing a surge in undergraduate degree production and course enrollments, which is straining program resources at many institutions and causing concern among faculty and administrators about how best to respond to the rapidly growing demand. There is also significant interest about what this growth will mean for the future of CS programs, the role of computer science in academic institutions, the field as a whole, and U.S. society more broadly. Assessing and Responding to the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments seeks to provide a better understanding of the current trends in computing enrollments in the context of past trends. It examines drivers of the current enrollment surge, relationships between the surge and current and potential gains in diversity in the field, and the potential impacts of responses to the increased demand for computing in higher education, and it considers the likely effects of those responses on students, faculty, and institutions. This report provides recommendations for what institutions of higher education, government agencies, and the private sector can do to respond to the surge and plan for a strong and sustainable future for the field of CS in general, the health of the institutions of higher education, and the prosperity of the nation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation: America's Science and Technology Talent at the Crossroads SN - DO - 10.17226/12984 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12984/expanding-underrepresented-minority-participation-americas-science-and-technology-talent-at PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Industry and Labor AB - In order for the United States to maintain the global leadership and competitiveness in science and technology that are critical to achieving national goals, we must invest in research, encourage innovation, and grow a strong and talented science and technology workforce. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation explores the role of diversity in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) workforce and its value in keeping America innovative and competitive. According to the book, the U.S. labor market is projected to grow faster in science and engineering than in any other sector in the coming years, making minority participation in STEM education at all levels a national priority. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation analyzes the rate of change and the challenges the nation currently faces in developing a strong and diverse workforce. Although minorities are the fastest growing segment of the population, they are underrepresented in the fields of science and engineering. Historically, there has been a strong connection between increasing educational attainment in the United States and the growth in and global leadership of the economy. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation suggests that the federal government, industry, and post-secondary institutions work collaboratively with K-12 schools and school systems to increase minority access to and demand for post-secondary STEM education and technical training. The book also identifies best practices and offers a comprehensive road map for increasing involvement of underrepresented minorities and improving the quality of their education. It offers recommendations that focus on academic and social support, institutional roles, teacher preparation, affordability and program development. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Elizabeth T. Cady A2 - Cameron H. Fletcher A2 - Joe Alper TI - Sharing Exemplary Admissions Practices That Promote Diversity in Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/27278 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27278/sharing-exemplary-admissions-practices-that-promote-diversity-in-engineering-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The National Academy of Engineering convened a three-day workshop from May 24-26, 2021, which sought to define directions for future research on best practices, metrics, and policies that promote diversity in engineering and how they fit into the larger system of recruiting and retaining engineering students from all backgrounds. Workshop discussions examined the system of higher education admissions, transfer and 3+2 programs, research on admissions, and the advantages of and concerns with using artificial intelligence and data science tools in recruiting, admissions, and retention. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola A2 - Tiffany E. Taylor TI - Increasing Student Success in Developmental Mathematics: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25547 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25547/increasing-student-success-in-developmental-mathematics-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The Board on Science Education and the Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened the Workshop on Increasing Student Success in Developmental Mathematics on March 18-19, 2019. The Workshop explored how to best support all students in postsecondary mathematics, with particular attention to students who are unsuccessful in developmental mathematics and with an eye toward issues of access to promising reforms and equitable learning environments. The two-day workshop was designed to bring together a variety of stakeholders, including experts who have developed and/or implemented new initiatives to improve the mathematics education experience for students. The overarching goal of the workshop was to take stock of the mathematics education community's progress in this domain. Participants examined the data on students who are well-served by new reform structures in developmental mathematics and discussed various cohorts of students who are not currently well served - those who even with access to reforms do not succeed and those who do not have access to a reform due to differential access constraints. Throughout the workshop, participants also explored promising approaches to bolstering student outcomes in mathematics, focusing especially on research and data that demonstrate the success of these approaches; deliberated and discussed barriers and opportunities for effectively serving all students; and outlined some key directions of inquiry intended to address the prevailing research and data needs in the field. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Gail Cohen A2 - Aqila Coulthurst A2 - Joe Alper TI - Immigration Policy and the Search for Skilled Workers: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/20145 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20145/immigration-policy-and-the-search-for-skilled-workers-summary-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - The market for high-skilled workers is becoming increasingly global, as are the markets for knowledge and ideas. While high-skilled immigrants in the United States represent a much smaller proportion of the workforce than they do in countries such as Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, these immigrants have an important role in spurring innovation and economic growth in all countries and filling shortages in the domestic labor supply. This report summarizes the proceedings of a Fall 2014 workshop that focused on how immigration policy can be used to attract and retain foreign talent. Participants compared policies on encouraging migration and retention of skilled workers, attracting qualified foreign students and retaining them post-graduation, and input by states or provinces in immigration policies to add flexibility in countries with regional employment differences, among other topics. They also discussed how immigration policies have changed over time in response to undesired labor market outcomes and whether there was sufficient data to measure those outcomes. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Cultural Diversity and Early Education: Report of a Workshop DO - 10.17226/9197 PY - 1994 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9197/cultural-diversity-and-early-education-report-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Education ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars in the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/11289 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11289/policy-implications-of-international-graduate-students-and-postdoctoral-scholars-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars in the United States explores the role and impact of students and scholars on US educational institutions and the US economy. The nation has drawn increasingly on human resources abroad for its science and engineering workforce. However, competition for talent has grown as other countries have expanded their research infrastructure and created more opportunities for international students. The report discusses trends in international student enrollments, stay rates, and examines the impact of visa policies on international mobility of the highly skilled. ER -