TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anne Johnson A2 - Alex Reich TI - Communities, Climate Change, and Health Equity—State-Level Implementation: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26693 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26693/communities-climate-change-and-health-equity-state-level-implementation-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Because of historic and ongoing discriminatory policies and practices, certain populations - namely people of color, Indigenous people, and low-income communities - disproportionately suffer from the adverse impacts of extreme weather and other disasters that are exacerbated by climate change. To examine actions that could help improve climate-related health outcomes in disproportionately impacted communities, the Environmental Health Matters Initiative, a program spanning all major units of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, convened a two-day workshop Communities, Climate Change, and Health Equity - State-Level Implementation on May 24 and 26, 2022. The workshop brought together representatives from state and federal agencies, universities, community-based organizations, state and national advocacy organizations, foundations, and private sector organizations. This publication highlights the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: Year Three Annual Report of Activities DO - 10.17226/26741 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26741/action-collaborative-on-preventing-sexual-harassment-in-higher-education-year PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education is an initiative where over 55 colleges, universities, and other research and training organizations are identifying, researching, developing, and implementing efforts that move beyond basic legal compliance to evidence-based policies and practices for addressing and preventing all forms of sexual harassment and promoting a campus climate of civility and respect. The Partner Network of the Action Collaborative provides an additional opportunity for collective sharing across colleges and universities, research entities, higher education associations, grassroots and non-profit organizations, federal agencies, national laboratories, industry, and other stakeholder organizations. This annual report for 2021-2022 highlights the overall progress of the Action Collaborative toward its goals and summarizes the work shared by member and partner network organizations during the third year of the collaborative. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Layne Scherer TI - Addressing Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Anti-Racism in 21st Century STEMM Organizations: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/26294 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26294/addressing-diversity-equity-inclusion-and-anti-racism-in-21st-century-stemm-organizations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Committee on Addressing Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Anti-Racism in 21st Century STEMM Organizations convened a national summit in July 2021 that highlighted how racism operates at different levels in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) settings; reviewed policies and practices for confronting systemic racism; and explored ways to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion in STEMM settings. The 2-day, public webcast summit explored the empirical and experiential evidence related to the ways in which systemic racism and other barriers impede STEMM careers for historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups, and explored ways to address these barriers, including strategies undertaken by stakeholder communities. In this summit, speakers discussed how diversity, equity, inclusion, and anti-racism impact STEMM organizations. The workshop presentations focused on issues related to the history of racism in the United States, the lasting legacy of biased policies in the nation, and the research on practices to address systemic and structural racism in STEMM organizations. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of summit. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Life Sciences and Related Fields: Trends Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention SN - DO - 10.17226/13130 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13130/life-sciences-and-related-fields-trends-relevant-to-the-biological PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - During the last decade, national and international scientific organizations have become increasingly engaged in considering how to respond to the biosecurity implications of developments in the life sciences and in assessing trends in science and technology (S&T) relevant to biological and chemical weapons nonproliferation. The latest example is an international workshop, Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention, held October 31 - November 3, 2010 at the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. Life Sciences and Related Fields summarizes the workshop, plenary, and breakout discussion sessions held during this convention. Given the immense diversity of current research and development, the report is only able to provide an overview of the areas of science and technology the committee believes are potentially relevant to the future of the Biological and Toxic Weapons Convention (BWC), although there is an effort to identify areas that seemed particularly ripe for further exploration and analysis. The report offers findings and conclusions organized around three fundamental and frequently cited trends in S&T that affect the scope and operation of the convention: The rapid pace of change in the life sciences and related fields; The increasing diffusion of life sciences research capacity and its applications, both internationally and beyond traditional research institutions; and The extent to which additional scientific and technical disciplines beyond biology are increasingly involved in life sciences research. The report does not make recommendations about policy options to respond to the implications of the identified trends. The choice of such responses rests with the 164 States Parties to the Convention, who must take into account multiple factors beyond the project's focus on the state of the science. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Katherine Bowman A2 - Kathryn Hughes A2 - Jo L. Husbands A2 - James Revill A2 - Benjamin Rusek TI - Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention: Summary of an International Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/13113 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13113/trends-in-science-and-technology-relevant-to-the-biological-and-toxin-weapons-convention PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - This report offers a summary of the substantive presentations during an international workshop, Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, held October 31 - November 3, 2010 at the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is meant to provide scientists and other technical experts with factual information about the range and variety of topics discussed at the workshop, which may be of interest to national governments and non-governmental organizations as they begin to prepare for the 7th Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) in 2011. The Beijing workshop reflected the continuing engagement by national academies international scientific organizations, and individual scientists and engineers in considering the biosecurity implications of developments in the life sciences and assessing trends in science and technology (S&T) relevant to nonproliferation. The workshop provided an opportunity for the scientific community to discuss the implications of relevant developments in S&T for multiple aspects of the BWC. Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention follows the structure of the plenary sessions at the workshop. It begins with introductory material about the BWC and current examples of the types and modes of science advice available to the BWC and other international nonproliferation and disarmament agreements, in particular the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). This report includes only a very brief description of the some of the post-presentation discussions held during the plenary sessions - and does not include an account of the small breakout groups - since these were intended to inform the committee's finding and conclusions and will be reflected in the final report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Performance Measurement: Accelerating Improvement SN - DO - 10.17226/11517 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11517/performance-measurement-accelerating-improvement PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Performance Measurement is the first in a new series of an ongoing effort by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to improve health care quality. Performance Measurement offers a comprehensive review of available measures and introduces a new framework to examine these measures against the six aims of the health care system: health care should be safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable. This new book also addresses the gaps in performance measurement and introduces the need for measures that are longitudinal, comprehensive, population-based, and patient-centered. This book is directed toward all concerned with improving the quality and performance of the nation's health care system in its multiple dimensions and in both the public and private sectors. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Seasonal to Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice: Challenges and Strategies SN - DO - 10.17226/13515 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13515/seasonal-to-decadal-predictions-of-arctic-sea-ice-challenges-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Recent well documented reductions in the thickness and extent of Arctic sea ice cover, which can be linked to the warming climate, are affecting the global climate system and are also affecting the global economic system as marine access to the Arctic region and natural resource development increase. Satellite data show that during each of the past six summers, sea ice cover has shrunk to its smallest in three decades. The composition of the ice is also changing, now containing a higher fraction of thin first-year ice instead of thicker multi-year ice. Understanding and projecting future sea ice conditions is important to a growing number of stakeholders, including local populations, natural resource industries, fishing communities, commercial shippers, marine tourism operators, national security organizations, regulatory agencies, and the scientific research community. However, gaps in understanding the interactions between Arctic sea ice, oceans, and the atmosphere, along with an increasing rate of change in the nature and quantity of sea ice, is hampering accurate predictions. Although modeling has steadily improved, projections by every major modeling group failed to predict the record breaking drop in summer sea ice extent in September 2012. Establishing sustained communication between the user, modeling, and observation communities could help reveal gaps in understanding, help balance the needs and expectations of different stakeholders, and ensure that resources are allocated to address the most pressing sea ice data needs. Seasonal-to-Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice: Challenges and Strategies explores these topics. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Keith Maskus A2 - Stephen A. Merrill TI - Patent Challenges for Standard-Setting in the Global Economy: Lessons from Information and Communications Technology SN - DO - 10.17226/18510 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18510/patent-challenges-for-standard-setting-in-the-global-economy-lessons PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - Patent Challenges for Standard-Setting in the Global Economy: Lessons from Information and Communication Technology examines how leading national and multinational standard-setting organizations (SSOs) address patent disclosures, licensing terms, transfers of patent ownership, and other issues that arise in connection with developing technical standards for consumer and other microelectronic products, associated software and components, and communications networks including the Internet. Attempting to balance the interests of patent holders, other participants in standard-setting, standards implementers, and consumers, the report calls on SSOs to develop more explicit policies to avoid patent holdup and royalty-stacking, ensure that licensing commitments carry over to new owners of the patents incorporated in standards, and limit injunctions for infringement of patents with those licensing commitments. The report recommends government measures to increase the transparency of patent ownership and use of standards information to improve patent quality and to reduce conflicts of laws across countries. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Margaret Edmunds A2 - Frank A. Sloan TI - Geographic Adjustment in Medicare Payment: Phase I: Improving Accuracy SN - DO - 10.17226/13138 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13138/geographic-adjustment-in-medicare-payment-phase-i-improving-accuracy PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Medicare is the largest health insurer in the United States, providing coverage for 39 million people aged 65 and older and 8 million people with disabilities, and reaching more than an estimated $500 billion in payments in 2010. Although Medicare is a national program, it adjusts fee-for-service payments according to the geographic location of a practice. While there is widespread agreement about the importance of providing accurate payments to providers, there is disagreement about how best to adjust payment based on geographic location. At the request of Congress and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Institute of Medicine (IOM) examined ways to improve the accuracy of data sources and methods used for making the geographic adjustments to payments. The IOM recommends an integrated approach that includes moving to a single source of wage and benefits data; changing to one set of payment areas; and expanding the range of occupations included in the index calculations. The first of two reports, Geographic Adjustment in Medicare Payment: Phase I: Improving Accuracy, assesses existing practices in regards to accuracy, criteria consistency, evidence for adjustment, sound rationale, transparency, and separate policy adjustments to reform the current payment system. Adopting the recommendations outlined in this report will mean a change in the way that the indexes are calculated, and will require a combination of legislative, rule-making, and administrative actions, as well as a period of public comment. Geographic Adjustment in Medicare Payment will inform the work of government agencies such as HHS, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, congressional members and staff, the health care industry, national professional organizations and state medical and nursing societies, and Medicare advocacy groups. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Thirteenth Interim Report of the Subcommittee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels SN - DO - 10.17226/11396 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11396/thirteenth-interim-report-of-the-subcommittee-on-acute-exposure-guideline-levels PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Formed in 1995 by EPA, several other federal and state agencies, and several private organizations, the National Advisory Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances (referred to as the NAC) develops, reviews, and approves acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for up to 400 extremely hazardous substances (EHSs). AEGLs have a broad array of potential applications for federal, state, and local governments and for the private sector. They are necessary for prevention and emergency-response planning for potential releases of EHSs, either from accidents or as a result of terrorist activities. This report includes an assessment of the NAC’s draft AEGLs documents for the following 10 chemicals: 1, 4-dioxane; chloroform; carbon tetrachloride; sulfur dioxide; cis, trans 1,-2 dichloroethylene; monochloroacetic acid; carbon monoxide; fluorine; methanol; and phenol. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Fourteenth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels DO - 10.17226/11626 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11626/fourteenth-interim-report-of-the-committee-on-acute-exposure-guideline-levels PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Formed in 1995 by EPA, several other federal and state agencies, and several private organizations, the National Advisory Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances (referred to as the NAC) develops, reviews, and approves acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for up to 400 extremely hazardous substances (EHSs). AEGLs have a broad array of potential applications for federal, state, and local governments and for the private sector. They are necessary for prevention and emergency-response planning for potential releases of EHSs, either from accidents or as a result of terrorist activities. This report includes an assessment of the NAC’s draft AEGLs documents for the following 16 chemicals: xylenes; acetone; acetone cyanohydrin; carbon disulfide; allyl alcohol; acrolein; chloroform; peracetic acid n,n-dimethylformamide; carbon tetrachloride; 1,2-dichloroethylene; sulfur dioxide; hydrazine; ethyleneimine; propylenimine; and trichloroethylene. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Surmounting the Barriers: Ethnic Diversity in Engineering Education: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/18847 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18847/surmounting-the-barriers-ethnic-diversity-in-engineering-education-summary-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Education AB - Surmounting the Barriers: Ethnic Diversity in Engineering Education is the summary of a workshop held in September 2013 to take a fresh look at the impediments to greater diversification in engineering education. The workshop brought together educators in engineering from two- and four-year colleges and staff members from the three sponsoring organizations: the National Science Foundation, the National Academy of Engineering and the American Society for Engineering Education. While the goal of diversifying engineering education has long been recognized, studied, and subjected to attempted interventions, progress has been fitful and slow. This report discusses reasons why past recommendations to improve diversity had not been adopted in full or in part. Surmounting the Barriers identifies a series of key impediments, including a lack of incentives for faculty and institutions; inadequate or only short-term financial support; an unsupportive institutional and faculty culture and environment; a lack of institutional and constituent engagement; and inadequate assessments, metrics, and data tracking. The report also shares success stories about instances where barriers to diversity have been identified and surmounted, and the resources that could enable real solutions to implement steps toward progress. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Paul F. Uhlir A2 - Julie M. Esanu TI - Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/11710 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11710/strategies-for-preservation-of-and-open-access-to-scientific-data-in-china PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Computers and Information Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Astrobiology Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe SN - DO - 10.17226/25252 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25252/an-astrobiology-strategy-for-the-search-for-life-in-the-universe PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. It is an inherently interdisciplinary field that encompasses astronomy, biology, geology, heliophysics, and planetary science, including complementary laboratory activities and field studies conducted in a wide range of terrestrial environments. Combining inherent scientific interest and public appeal, the search for life in the solar system and beyond provides a scientific rationale for many current and future activities carried out by the National Aeronautics and Science Administration (NASA) and other national and international agencies and organizations. Requested by NASA, this study offers a science strategy for astrobiology that outlines key scientific questions, identifies the most promising research in the field, and indicates the extent to which the mission priorities in existing decadal surveys address the search for life's origin, evolution, distribution, and future in the universe. This report makes recommendations for advancing the research, obtaining the measurements, and realizing NASA's goal to search for signs of life in the universe. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Charles W. Wessner TI - New York's Nanotechnology Model: Building the Innovation Economy: Summary of a Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/18511 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18511/new-yorks-nanotechnology-model-building-the-innovation-economy-summary-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - New York's Nanotechnology Model: Building the Innovation Economy is the summary of a 2013 symposium convened by the National Research Council Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy and members of the Nano Consortium that drew state officials and staff, business leaders, and leading national figures in early-stage finance, technology, engineering, education, and state and federal policies to review challenges, plans, and opportunities for innovation-led growth in New York. The symposium participants assessed New York's academic, industrial, and human resources, identified key policy issues, and engaged in a discussion of how the state might leverage regional development organizations, state initiatives, and national programs focused on manufacturing and innovation to support its economic development goals. This report highlights the accomplishments and growth of the innovation ecosystem in New York, while also identifying needs, challenges, and opportunities. New York's Nanotechnology Model reviews the development of the Albany nanotech cluster and its usefulness as a model for innovation-based growth, while also discussing the New York innovation ecosystem more broadly. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Crispin Rigby TI - Monitoring International Labor Standards: International Perspectives: Summary of Regional Forums SN - DO - 10.17226/10921 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10921/monitoring-international-labor-standards-international-perspectives-summary-of-regional-forums PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - In February and March 2003, the Committee on Monitoring International Labor Standards (CMILS) of the National Research Council (NRC) convened regional forums in Costa Rica, Sri Lanka, and South Africa. Participants included representatives from the International Labour Organization (ILO), national governments, workers' and employers' organizations, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the academic community. These meetings were designed to provide the CMILS with a broad range of international perspectives on the many complex issues related to monitoring compliance with international labor standards, particularly within developing countries. The CMILS has convened similar forums in the United States and held workshops examining data quality, assessing national legal frameworks, and exploring linkages between human capital development and compliance with labor standards. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium SN - DO - 10.17226/9839 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9839/astronomy-and-astrophysics-in-the-new-millennium PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - In this new book, a distinguished panel makes recommendations for the nation's programs in astronomy and astrophysics, including a number of new initiatives for observing the universe. With the goal of optimum value, the recommendations address the role of federal research agencies, allocation of funding, training for scientists, competition and collaboration among space facilities, and much more. The book identifies the most pressing science questions and explains how specific efforts, from the Next Generation Space Telescope to theoretical studies, will help reveal the answers. Discussions of how emerging information technologies can help scientists make sense of the wealth of data available are also included. Astronomy has significant impact on science in general as well as on public imagination. The committee discusses how to integrate astronomical discoveries into our education system and our national life. In preparing the New Millennium report, the AASC made use of a series of panel reports that address various aspects of ground- and space-based astronomy and astrophysics. These reports provide in-depth technical detail. Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millenium: An Overview summarizes the science goals and recommended initiatives in a short, richly illustrated, non-technical booklet. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization Program: Maximizing Potential SN - DO - 10.17226/11604 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11604/medicares-quality-improvement-organization-program-maximizing-potential PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization Program is the second book in the new Pathways to Quality Health Care series. Focusing on performance improvement, it considers the history, role, and effectiveness of the Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) program and its potential to promote quality improvement within a changing health care delivery environment that includes standardized performance measures and new data collection and reporting requirements. This book carefully examines the QIOs that serve every state as well as the national program that guides and supports them. In addition, it highlights the important roles that a national program with private organizations in each state can play in promoting higher quality care. Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization Program looks closely at the technical assistance role of the QIO program and the need to encourage and support providers to improve their performance. By providing an in-depth assessment of the federal experience with quality improvement and recommendations for program improvement, this book helps point the way for those who strive to create higher quality and better value in health care. Intended for multiple audiences, Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization Program is essential reading for members of Congress, the federal executive branch, the QIOs, health care providers and clinicians, and stakeholder groups. ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER -