%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Watkins, Kari %E Berrebi, Simon %E Erhardt, Gregory %E Hoque, Jawad %E Goyal, Vedant %E Brakewood, Candace %E Ziedan, Abubakr %E Darling, Wesley %E Hemily, Brendon %E Kressner, Josephine %T Recent Decline in Public Transportation Ridership: Analysis, Causes, and Responses %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26320/recent-decline-in-public-transportation-ridership-analysis-causes-and-responses %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26320/recent-decline-in-public-transportation-ridership-analysis-causes-and-responses %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 134 %X Rethinking mission and service delivery, rethinking fare policy, giving transit priority, careful partnering with shared-use mobility providers, and encouraging transit-oriented density are among the strategies transit agencies can employ to increase ridership and mitigate or stem declines in ridership that started years before the COVID-19 pandemic.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 231: Recent Decline in Public Transportation Ridership: Analysis, Causes, and Responses provides a deep-dive exploration of the ridership losses already being experienced by transit systems prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and explores strategies that appear to be key as we move to the new normal of a post-pandemic world.Supplemental to the report are TCRP Web-Only Document 74: Recent Decline in Public Transportation Ridership: Hypotheses, Methodologies, and Detailed City-by-City Results and an overview presentation. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Role of Transit, Shared Modes, and Public Policy in the New Mobility Landscape %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26053/the-role-of-transit-shared-modes-and-public-policy-in-the-new-mobility-landscape %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26053/the-role-of-transit-shared-modes-and-public-policy-in-the-new-mobility-landscape %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 190 %X If combined with public transit and increased in scale, shared modes of transportation, such as ride-hailing, scooter sharing and bike sharing, can enhance mobility, equity, and sustainability in metropolitan areas. Cities, transit agencies, and shared mobility providers should collaborate in goal-setting, experimentation, testing, and implementation. These are among the findings in TRB Special Report 337: The Role of Transit, Shared Modes, and Public Policy in the New Mobility Landscape, from TRB of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The report's authors recommend deliberate and strategic measures in order to realize the full and potentially transformative benefits of shared services. These measures include providing travelers with real- or near real-time information on combinations of available price and service offerings, smartphone applications that simplify the process of arranging and paying for the use of multiple transportation modes for a single trip, and more public sector coordination of services across modes and jurisdictions. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E USA, Alan Danaher, James Wensley, Amy Dunham, Ted Orosz, Ryan Avery, Daniel Turner, Kenneth Cobb, WSP %E Technology, Kari Watkins, Carly Queen, Simon Berrebi, Georgia Institute of %E Associates, Marlene Connor, Jim McLaughlin, MCA %T Minutes Matter: A Bus Transit Service Reliability Guidebook %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25727/minutes-matter-a-bus-transit-service-reliability-guidebook %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25727/minutes-matter-a-bus-transit-service-reliability-guidebook %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 136 %X Transit reliability is critical to the operation and attractiveness of public transportation services. With the current unprecedented evolution in transportation services, including new competition from mobility service providers such as Uber and Lyft, improving transit reliability has taken on an even greater level of importance.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 215: Minutes Matter: A Bus Transit Service Reliability Guidebook details eight steps that a transit agency can undertake to develop and maintain a Reliability Improvement Program.There is also a Power Point presentation that provides an overview of the project accompanying the report and a supplemental report, TCRP Web-Only Document 72: Developing a Guide to Bus Transit Service Reliability. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Curtis, Terra %E Merritt, Meg %E Chen, Carmen %E Perlmutter, David %E Berez, Dan %E Ellis, Buffy %T Partnerships Between Transit Agencies and Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25576/partnerships-between-transit-agencies-and-transportation-network-companies-tncs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25576/partnerships-between-transit-agencies-and-transportation-network-companies-tncs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X Public transit agencies are increasingly partnering with mobility service providers. Among these providers are transportation network companies (TNCs), which include companies like Uber and Lyft and are the specific focus of this research effort.The transit industry has produced research to describe primary considerations transit agencies should have in mind for partnerships with TNCs, but existing research has yet to identify specific project frameworks for transit agencies that have decided to pursue partnerships.Findings of the report, TCRP Research Report 204: Partnerships Between Transit Agencies and Transportation Network Companies (TNCs), draw on a thorough investigation of active and inactive partnerships between transit agencies and TNCs. This research is informed by dozens of transit agency surveys and follow-up interviews, past literature, and interviews with TNC staff and industry experts as well as FTA representatives. Transit agencies have a wide range of motivations for engaging in partnerships with TNCs. The motivations, however, are often not tied to specific performance indicators, an area in which transit agencies can be more proactive in setting the approach.The report presents findings pertaining to data and information requirements of both transit agencies and TNCs; the various benefits and outcomes that transit agencies, communities, and customers have pursued through partnerships; and the challenges faced by transit agencies in developing partnerships with TNCs.An additional resource is part of the project: the Partnership Playbook offers a brief, 5-step plan designed to help the transit industry be more deliberate in its approach to working with TNCs. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Burkhardt, Jon E. %E Rubino, Joseph M. %E Yum, Joohee %T Improving Mobility for Veterans %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14507/improving-mobility-for-veterans %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14507/improving-mobility-for-veterans %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 97 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Results Digest 99: Improving Mobility for Veterans mobility explores issues facing our veterans and illustrates some potential strategies for community transportation providers who are interested in enhancing mobility options for our veterans. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Inc., Jeroen Kok, Regina Lipták, IMG Rebel %T Multimodal Fare Payment Integration %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25734/multimodal-fare-payment-integration %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25734/multimodal-fare-payment-integration %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 86 %X Nearly all transit agencies are seeing potential benefits to multimodal payment convergence. However, many agencies find that implementing necessary upgrades is cost-prohibitive, which is the biggest barrier to full adoption.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Synthesis 144: Multimodal Fare Payment Integration documents current practices and experiences of transit agencies dealing with the complexities of multimodal fare payment convergence. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Viggiano, EBP Glen Weisbrod Cecilia %E University, Shan Jiang, Emma Homstad, Tufts %E Chan, LLC Kendril Melissa %E Nural, LLP Steptoe & Johnson Sarah %T Data Sharing Guidance for Public Transit Agencies—Now and in the Future %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25696/data-sharing-guidance-for-public-transit-agencies-now-and-in-the-future %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25696/data-sharing-guidance-for-public-transit-agencies-now-and-in-the-future %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X Transit agencies are beginning to harness the value of external data, but challenges remain.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 213: Data Sharing Guidance for Public Transit Agencies – Now and in the Future is designed to help agencies make decisions about sharing their data, including how to evaluate benefits, costs, and risks.Many transit agencies have realized benefits from sharing their internal data sets, ranging from improved customer information, to innovative research findings that help the transit agency improve performance. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Transit Research Analysis Committee Letter Report: April 22, 2019 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25449/transit-research-analysis-committee-letter-report-april-22-2019 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25449/transit-research-analysis-committee-letter-report-april-22-2019 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB's Transit Research Analysis Committee (TRAC) has delivered a letter report to Mr. Vincent Valdes, Associate Administrator for Research, Demonstration, and Innovation at the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). The April 22, 2019 letter report provides feedback to FTA on its innovation initiatives that are a focus of the administration’s research plan.TRAC, an interdisciplinary committee of experts from industry, academia, and the private and public sectors, will examine and recommend actions FTA can take to ensure that its research and innovation program is relevant, timely, and effective in meeting the diverse and changing needs of the public transportation community. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Byala, Lora %E Johnson, Shana %E Slocum, Rebecca %E Zalewski, Andrew %E Weiland, Josh %E Culp, Laura %E Eby, Brianne %E Lewis, Paul %E Calves, Guillermo %E Sampson, David %T Redesigning Transit Networks for the New Mobility Future %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26028/redesigning-transit-networks-for-the-new-mobility-future %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26028/redesigning-transit-networks-for-the-new-mobility-future %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 156 %X Urban travel patterns are affected by many factors including changes in demography, land use, economics, technology, and mobility options. Public transportation must evolve to remain responsive.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 221: Redesigning Transit Networks for the New Mobility Future presents case studies and toolkits to plan and implement the redesign of bus networks in the United States. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Murphy, Sharon Feigon and Colin %T Shared Mobility and the Transformation of Public Transit %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23578/shared-mobility-and-the-transformation-of-public-transit %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23578/shared-mobility-and-the-transformation-of-public-transit %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 110 %X There are issues, opportunities, and challenges related to technology-enabled mobility services, and lots of ways that transit can learn from, build upon, and interface with new ways of traveling.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Report 188: Shared Mobility and the Transformation of Public Transit examines the relationship of public transportation (including paratransit and demand-responsive services) to shared modes, including bikesharing, carsharing, microtransit, and ridesourcing services provided by companies such as Uber and Lyft. A supplemental infographic summarizes the aspects of of the sharing economy and its intersection with transit. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Okunieff, Paula %T Multiagency Electronic Fare Payment Systems %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24733/multiagency-electronic-fare-payment-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24733/multiagency-electronic-fare-payment-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 121 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 125: Multiagency Electronic Fare Payment Systems describes the current practice, challenges, and benefits of utilizing electronic fare payment systems (EFPS), such as smart cards. This synthesis reviews current systems and identifies their major challenges and benefits; describes the use of electronic fare systems in multimodal, multiagency environments; and reviews next-generation approaches through existing implementation case examples. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Cronin, Candace Blair %E Alexander, Allison %E Arnold, Grace %E Batarse, Juan Carlos %E Dray, Kelly %E Iliev, Sasha %E Jenkins, Jessica %E Smallwood, Erik %E Smart, Rachel %E Streng, Jake %E Campbell, Mara %E Gallagher, Susan %E Reeb, Tyler %E O’Brien, Tom %E McRae, Glenn %T Attracting, Retaining, and Developing the 2030 Transportation Workforce: Design, Construction, and Maintenance %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26768/attracting-retaining-and-developing-the-2030-transportation-workforce-design-construction-and-maintenance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26768/attracting-retaining-and-developing-the-2030-transportation-workforce-design-construction-and-maintenance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 286 %X State departments of transportation are responsible for providing a safe, efficient, and effective transportation system of infrastructure and services. To meet these responsibilities, transportation agencies need a highly skilled workforce with the expertise required to identify and address current transportation needs while also being prepared to address the challenges of the future.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1008: Attracting, Retaining, and Developing the 2030 Transportation Workforce: Design, Construction, and Maintenance provides a guide with specific strategies and action plans to help agencies identify and address workforce needs through 2030 and beyond.Supplemental to the report are an Executive Summary, a Technical Memorandum, a Research Process Document, and a Presentation. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Murphy, Colin %E Curtis, Terra %E Costagliola, Evan %E Clewlow, Regina %E Seki, Stephanie %E Xu, Ruoying %T Transit and Micromobility %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26386/transit-and-micromobility %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26386/transit-and-micromobility %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 108 %X Micromobility refers to small, low-speed vehicles intended for personal use and includes station-based bikeshare systems, dockless bikeshare systems, electric-assist bikeshare, and electric scooters. Micromobility has the potential to increase the number of transit trips by expanding the reach of multimodal transportation, but it also could replace transit trips.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 230: Transit and Micromobility provides an analysis of the full benefits and impacts of micromobility on public transportation systems in transit-rich markets as well as in medium-sized and smaller urban areas. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Transit Agency Participation in Medicaid Transportation Programs %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13961/transit-agency-participation-in-medicaid-transportation-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13961/transit-agency-participation-in-medicaid-transportation-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 48 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 65: Transit Agency Participation in Medicaid Transportation Programs explores the tasks that may help develop successful public transit-non-emergency medical transportation (NEMT) partnerships. The report examines real and perceived barriers to NEMT and public transit coordination and includes case studies of Medicaid transportation program participation by transit agencies. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Mitman, Meghan %E Rixey, Alex %E Gibler, Tory %E Howell, Amanda %E Swift, Tiffany %E Weinberger, Rachel %E Primus, Jay %E Abel, Sarah %T Dynamic Curbside Management: Keeping Pace with New and Emerging Mobility and Technology in the Public Right-of-Way, Part 1: Dynamic Curbside Management Guide and Part 2: Conduct of Research Report %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26718/dynamic-curbside-management-keeping-pace-with-new-and-emerging-mobility-and-technology-in-the-public-right-of-way-part-1-dynamic-curbside-management-guide-and-part-2-conduct-of-research-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26718/dynamic-curbside-management-keeping-pace-with-new-and-emerging-mobility-and-technology-in-the-public-right-of-way-part-1-dynamic-curbside-management-guide-and-part-2-conduct-of-research-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 137 %X Dynamic curbside management has been the purview of cities, with much of the relevant research and guidance directed toward local transportation agencies. However, state departments of transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, and other regional agencies can be important partners for these local entities because, in many cases, roadways and other curb zone elements are part of the regional or state network.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 340: Dynamic Curbside Management: Keeping Pace with New and Emerging Mobility and Technology in the Public Right-of-Way, Part 1: Dynamic Curbside Management Guide and Part 2: Conduct of Research Report is designed to help practitioners at state DOTs, MPOs, and local jurisdictions build data-driven understanding, allocation, and operation of the curb based on community values.Supplemental to the document are a Quick Start Summary of the research and a Presentation summarizing the project. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Shaheen, Susan %E Cohen, Adam %E Broader, Jacquelyn %E Hoban, Sarah %E Auer, Ashley %E Cordahi, Gustave %E Kimmel, Shawn %T Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26820/mobility-on-demand-and-automated-driving-systems-a-framework-for-public-sector-assessment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26820/mobility-on-demand-and-automated-driving-systems-a-framework-for-public-sector-assessment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 151 %X Innovative and emerging mobility services offer travelers more options to increase mobility and access goods and services. In addition, various technological developments have the potential to alter the automotive industry and traveler experience, as well as mobility and goods access. The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 331: Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment provides resources that identify key stakeholders and partnerships, offers emerging lessons learned, and provides sample regulations that can be used to help plan for and integrate emerging modes. The document is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1009: Shared Automated Vehicle Toolkit: Policies and Planning Considerations for Implementation. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Mallela, Jagannath %E Wheeler, Paul %E Le Bris, Gaël %E Nguyen, Loup-Giang %T Urban Air Mobility: An Airport Perspective %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26899/urban-air-mobility-an-airport-perspective %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26899/urban-air-mobility-an-airport-perspective %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 114 %X Urban Air Mobility (UAM), or its generalized version, Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), is an emerging aerial transportation approach that involves the operation of highly automated aircraft for a safe and efficient system to transport passengers or cargo at lower altitudes of airspace within urban, suburban, and exurban areas. UAM initiatives are advancing in many communities and will likely bring many societal changes.The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 243: Urban Air Mobility: An Airport Perspective provides a comprehensive examination of the emerging UAM industry, with a particular focus on its impacts and opportunities for airports.Supplemental to the report are an Airport AAM Preparation Checklist and a UAM Airport Assessment Toolkit. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Sandt, Laura %E Gelinne, Dan %E West, Alyson %E Harmon, Kathrine J. %E Blank, Kristin %E Bryson, Meg %E Combs, Tabitha %E Cherry, Christopher R. %E Sexton, Emma %E Shah, Nitesh %E Wen, Yi %E Azad, Mojdeh %E Neshagarian, Ashkan %E Clewlow, Regina %E Seki, Stephanie %E Brown, Charles T. %E Sanders, Rebecca %T E-Scooter Safety: Issues and Solutions %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27252/e-scooter-safety-issues-and-solutions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27252/e-scooter-safety-issues-and-solutions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 235 %X Electric scooter (or e-scooter) usage continues to expand worldwide with shared, rented, and privately owned devices. While many communities with e-scooter sharing programs have observed social, health, economic, and environmental benefits of enhanced multimodal travel and having more alternatives to vehicle use, these effects are often accompanied by real and perceived safety challenges.BTSCRP Web-Only Document 5: E-Scooter Safety: Issues and Solutions, from TRB's Behavioral Traffic Safety Cooperative Research Program, seeks to build upon existing research to date, identify key gaps in knowledge and data related to e-scooter behavioral safety, and develop evidence-based guidance that can enhance the coordination of behavioral safety programs and countermeasures with a broader toolbox of approaches to improve safety for all road users.The document is supplemental to BTSCRP Research Report 9: E-Scooter Safety Toolbox. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Haines, James F. Smith and Todd W. %T Incorporating ADA and Functional Needs in Emergency Exercises %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25208/incorporating-ada-and-functional-needs-in-emergency-exercises %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25208/incorporating-ada-and-functional-needs-in-emergency-exercises %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 50 %X TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 90: Incorporating ADA and Functional Needs in Emergency Exercises explores how airports include persons with disabilities and others with access or functional needs (DAFN) into emergency exercises. Because not all functional needs are visually or readily apparent, airports find that including these community members in DAFN on emergency exercises improves the safety of passengers, airport visitors, and employees at airports. The report describes effective practices and provides additional resources and tools in the following report appendices:Appendix A: Script for InterviewsAppendix B: ParticipantsAppendix C: DAFN-Inclusive Exercise Scenario from MSPAppendix D: Sample DAFN-Inclusive Training Materials from LAXAppendix E: ADA-Inclusive Exercise Worksheet from JAXAppendix F: List of Resource Groups to Involve in DAFN-Inclusive Emergency Planning and ExercisesAppendix G: Checklist for Integrating the DAFN Community in Emergency Exercises %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Wilhelmi, John %T Airport Roles in Reducing Transmission of Communicable Diseases %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25367/airport-roles-in-reducing-transmission-of-communicable-diseases %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25367/airport-roles-in-reducing-transmission-of-communicable-diseases %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 32 %X TRB's Conference Proceedings 55: Airport Roles in Reducing Transmission of Communicable Diseases summarizes a 2-day Insight Event convened by the Airport Cooperative Research Program and its Insight contractor, Eastern Research Group, Inc., March 6 and 7, 2018, in Washington, D.C. The event addressed four subtopics: risk management, stakeholders, communications, and infrastructure. Discussions centered on the roles of airports in reducing transmission of communicable diseases. Speakers represented the federal government, domestic and foreign airports, local public health agencies, an international aviation organization, and academia. The conference proceedings focused largely on strategies, best practices, and suggestions that pertain specifically to airports and transmission of communicable diseases, as identified by the invited speakers.