TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2021 DO - 10.17226/27171 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27171/gulf-research-program-annual-report-2021 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Each year, the Gulf Research Program (GRP) produces an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, will assess metrics to determine how the program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2021 annual report is the eighth report in this series. The GRP is an independent, science-based program founded in 2013. Through grants, fellowships, and other activities, it seeks to enhance oil system safety and the protection of human health and the environment in the Gulf of Mexico region and other areas along the U.S. outer continental shelf with offshore oil and gas operations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - The Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2013-2014 DO - 10.17226/21823 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21823/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2013-2014 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - The 2013-2014 annual report highlights the establishment and first activities of the Gulf Research Program, an independent, science-based program founded in 2013. Through grants, fellowships, and other activities, the Gulf Research Program seeks to enhance oil system safety and the protection of human health and the environment in the Gulf of Mexico and other regions along the U.S. outer continental shelf with offshore oil and gas operations. This report reviews some of the Gulf Research Program's key accomplishments and demonstrates how what was learned throughout the planning process shaped the Program's foundation - from its strategic vision to the initial funding opportunities. The Gulf Research Program will build on this foundation while evolving to meet new challenges during its 30-year duration, 2013-2043. Each year, the Gulf Research Program will produce an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports will review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, assess metrics to determine how the Gulf Research Program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2013-2014 annual report is the first report in this series. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - The Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2017 DO - 10.17226/25223 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25223/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2017 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Each year, the Gulf Research Program (GRP) produces an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, will assess metrics to determine how the program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2017 annual report is the fourth report in this series. The GRP is an independent, science-based program founded in 2013. Through grants, fellowships, and other activities, it seeks to enhance oil system safety and the protection of human health and the environment in the Gulf of Mexico region and other areas along the U.S. outer continental shelf with offshore oil and gas operations. This report captures key developments and successes in 2017. The GRP continues to build on its past work and seeks to learn, think about, and plan for how and where it can have the greatest cumulative and lasting impacts. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2020 DO - 10.17226/26147 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26147/gulf-research-program-annual-report-2020 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Each year, the Gulf Research Program (GRP) produces an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, will assess metrics to determine how the program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2020 annual report is the seventh report in this series. The GRP is an independent, science-based program founded in 2013. Through grants, fellowships, and other activities, it seeks to enhance oil system safety and the protection of human health and the environment in the Gulf of Mexico region and other areas along the U.S. outer continental shelf with offshore oil and gas operations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health: 2012 Annual Report DO - 10.17226/26251 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26251/roundtable-on-translating-genomic-based-research-for-health-2012-annual PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health: 2011 Annual Report DO - 10.17226/26250 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26250/roundtable-on-translating-genomic-based-research-for-health-2011-annual PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - The Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2018 SN - DO - 10.17226/25459 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25459/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2018 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Each year, the Gulf Research Program (GRP) produces an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, will assess metrics to determine how the program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2018 annual report is the fifth report in this series. The GRP is an independent, science-based program founded in 2013. Through grants, fellowships, and other activities, it seeks to enhance oil system safety and the protection of human health and the environment in the Gulf of Mexico region and other areas along the U.S. outer continental shelf with offshore oil and gas operations. This report captures key developments and successes in 2018. The GRP continues to build on its past work and seeks to learn, think about, and plan for how and where it can have the greatest cumulative and lasting impacts. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering A2 - Ryan C. Davison TI - Engineering Curricula: Understanding the Design Space and Exploiting the Opportunities: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/12824 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12824/engineering-curricula-understanding-the-design-space-and-exploiting-the-opportunities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Education AB - In April 2009 a workshop was held to explore how engineering curricula could be enhanced to better prepare future engineers. The workshop, summarized in this volume, included individuals from industry, academia, government agencies, and professional societies. During the workshop participants addressed the rationale for the scope and sequence of current engineering curricula, considering both the positive aspects as well as those aspects that have outlived their usefulness. Other topics of discussion included the potential to enhance engineering curricula through creative uses of instructional technologies; the importance of inquiry-based activities as well as authentic learning experiences grounded in real world contexts; and the opportunities provided by looking more deeply at what personal and professional outcomes result from studying engineering. General themes that appeared to underlie the workshop attendees' discussions included desires to (a) restructure engineering curricula to focus on inductive teaching and learning, (b) apply integrated, just-in-time learning of relevant topics across STEM fields, and (c) make more extensive use and implementation of learning technologies. During breakout discussions, many additional suggestions were offered for means by which to facilitate curricular innovation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Paula Whitacre TI - Deploying Sustainable Energy During Transitions: Implications of Recovery, Renewal, and Rebuilding: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/25175 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25175/deploying-sustainable-energy-during-transitions-implications-of-recovery-renewal-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Energy and Energy Conservation AB - The widespread destruction of California, Houston, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands from extreme events, along with continued future transition planning exercises for building and rebuilding, have increased the focus on the potential role of sustainable energy deployment. To discuss the opportunities and challenges in deploying sustainable energy during transitions, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in Washington, DC, on January 30, 2018. Participants explored how cities, regions, and nations are building renewable energy into their longer-term planning, in accordance with the context of the United Nations’ (UN’s) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Office of Diversity and Inclusion Annual Report 2021–2022: Building Capacity to Advance Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion DO - 10.17226/26711 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26711/office-of-diversity-and-inclusion-annual-report-2021-2022-building PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The first annual report of the Office of Diversity and Inclusion highlights the milestones, projects, and activities achieved in 2021-2022. The report establishes a shared understanding of diversity, equity, and inclusion and the strategy for future goals. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - A Review of the Draft Ocean Research Priorities Plan: Charting the Course for Ocean Science in the United States DO - 10.17226/11789 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11789/a-review-of-the-draft-ocean-research-priorities-plan-charting PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - The National Research Council was asked to review the draft Ocean Research Priorities Plan (ORPP), Charting the Course for Ocean Science in the United States: Research Priorities for the Next Decade. The development of the draft ORPP represents the first coordinated national research planning effort involving all federal agencies that support ocean science. The draft plan succeeds in a number of important ways: the central link between the ocean and society is clear and well articulated, the six broad themes around which the report is organized succeed in capturing the main ocean-related issues facing society in a comprehensive and coherent way, and the plan includes research priorities in the social sciences, a necessary component for improving ocean stewardship. The draft ORPP may be improved by the addition of (1) a bold and compelling vision for the future of ocean science research; (2) a more comprehensive description of the needs and opportunities for multidisciplinary research, as well as research partnerships; and (3) clearly stated goals, challenges, and research priorities and a description of how these relate to existing programs and new initiatives. Finally, the plan should be reorganized to include a discrete section devoted to cross-cutting elements that are central to the vision for ocean research. The cross-cutting themes should appear toward the beginning of the plan as a way to reinforce the importance of these elements in creating the foundation for progress on the societal themes. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Stephen A. Merrill A2 - Anne-Marie Mazza TI - Reaping the Benefits of Genomic and Proteomic Research: Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Public Health SN - DO - 10.17226/11487 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11487/reaping-the-benefits-of-genomic-and-proteomic-research-intellectual-property PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - The patenting and licensing of human genetic material and proteins represents an extension of intellectual property (IP) rights to naturally occurring biological material and scientific information, much of it well upstream of drugs and other disease therapies. This report concludes that IP restrictions rarely impose significant burdens on biomedical research, but there are reasons to be apprehensive about their future impact on scientific advances in this area. The report recommends 13 actions that policy-makers, courts, universities, and health and patent officials should take to prevent the increasingly complex web of IP protections from getting in the way of potential breakthroughs in genomic and proteomic research. It endorses the National Institutes of Health guidelines for technology licensing, data sharing, and research material exchanges and says that oversight of compliance should be strengthened. It recommends enactment of a statutory exception from infringement liability for research on a patented invention and raising the bar somewhat to qualify for a patent on upstream research discoveries in biotechnology. With respect to genetic diagnostic tests to detect patient mutations associated with certain diseases, the report urges patent holders to allow others to perform the tests for purposes of verifying the results. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Summary of the Workshop to Identify Gaps and Possible Directions for NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs SN - DO - 10.17226/13176 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13176/summary-of-the-workshop-to-identify-gaps-and-possible-directions-for-nasas-meteoroid-and-orbital-debris-programs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - A Summary of the Workshop to Identify the Gaps and Possible Directions for NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs summarizes the two-day workshop held on March 9-10, 2011, where various stakeholders presented diverse perspectives on matters concerning NASA Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris (MMOD) programs, NASA mission operators, the role and relationships of NASA MMOD programs to other federal agencies, MMOD and the commercial industry, and orbital debris retrieval and removal. The report assesses NASA's existing efforts, policies, and organizations with regard to orbital debris and micrometeoroids by creating advisory dialogue on potential opportunities for program enhancement and maintenance practices. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars in the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/11289 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11289/policy-implications-of-international-graduate-students-and-postdoctoral-scholars-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars in the United States explores the role and impact of students and scholars on US educational institutions and the US economy. The nation has drawn increasingly on human resources abroad for its science and engineering workforce. However, competition for talent has grown as other countries have expanded their research infrastructure and created more opportunities for international students. The report discusses trends in international student enrollments, stay rates, and examines the impact of visa policies on international mobility of the highly skilled. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Pradeep K. Khosla A2 - Paul Beaton TI - An Assessment of ARPA-E: Summary DO - 10.17226/24811 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24811/an-assessment-of-arpa-e-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - In 2005, the National Research Council report Rising Above the Gathering Storm recommended a new way for the federal government to spur technological breakthroughs in the energy sector. It recommended the creation of a new agency, the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, or ARPA-E, as an adaptation of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) model—widely considered a successful experiment that has funded out-of-the-box, transformative research and engineering that made possible the Internet, GPS, and stealth aircraft. This new agency was envisioned as a means of tackling the nation’s energy challenges in a way that could translate basic research into technological breakthroughs while also addressing economic, environmental, and security issues. Congress authorized ARPA-E in the 2007 America COMPETES Act and requested an early assessment following 6 years of operation to examine the agency’s progress toward achieving its statutory mission and goals. This publication summarizes the results of that assessment. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council TI - 2007 Amendments to the National Academies' Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research SN - DO - 10.17226/11871 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11871/2007-amendments-to-the-national-academies-guidelines-for-human-embryonic-stem-cell-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - In 2005, the National Academies released the report Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, which offered a common set of ethical standards for a field that, due to the absence of comprehensive federal funding, was lacking national standards for research. In order to keep the Guidelines up to date, given the rapid pace of scientific developments in the field of stem cell research, the Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Advisory Committee was established in 2006 with support from The Ellison Medical Foundation, The Greenwall Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This letter report is the committee's first set of amendments to the Guidelines and clarifies earlier recommendations and conclusions, including the criteria for determining which stem cell lines it is acceptable to use. Future deliberations of the committee will address items for which additional information gathering and more extensive debate and discussion will be necessary. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering A2 - Andrew Robertson A2 - Steve Olson TI - Harnessing Operational Systems Engineering to Support Peacebuilding: Report of a Workshop by the National Academy of Engineering and United States Institute of Peace Roundtable on Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding SN - DO - 10.17226/18598 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18598/harnessing-operational-systems-engineering-to-support-peacebuilding-report-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Operational systems engineering is a methodology that identifies the important components of a complex system, analyzes the relationships among those components, and creates models of the system to explore its behavior and possible ways of changing that behavior. In this way it offers quantitative and qualitative techniques to support the design, analysis, and governance of systems of diverse scale and complexity for the delivery of products or services. Many peacebuilding interventions function essentially as the provision of services in response to demands elicited from societies in crisis. At its core, operational systems engineering attempts to understand and manage the supply of services and product in response to such demands. Harnessing Operational Systems Engineering to Support Peacebuilding is the summary of a workshop convened in November 2012 by the Roundtable on Science, Technology, and Peacebuilding of the National Academy of Engineering and the United States Institute of Peace to explore the question "When can operational systems engineering, appropriately applied, be a useful tool for improving the elicitation of need, the design, the implementation, and the effectiveness of peacebuilding interventions?" The workshop convened experts in conflict prevention, conflict management, postconflict stabilization, and reconstruction along with experts in various fields of operational systems engineering to identify what additional types of nonnumerical systems methods might be available for application to peacebuilding. ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Gulf Research Program: A Strategic Vision SN - DO - 10.17226/18962 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18962/the-gulf-research-program-a-strategic-vision PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - In 2010 the Deepwater Horizon explosion and fire in the Gulf of Mexico caused the largest offshore oil spill in U.S. history, resulting in significant impacts on the region's environment and residents. Legal settlements with the companies held responsible led the federal government to ask the National Academy of Sciences to form and administer a 30-year program to enhance oil system safety, human health, and environmental resources in the Gulf of Mexico and other U.S. continental shelf areas where offshore oil and gas exploration and production occur or are under consideration. The new Gulf Research Program will receive $500 million to support activities using three broad approaches: research and development, education and training, and environmental monitoring. The Gulf Research Program: A Strategic Vision establishes the Program's foundation and introduces its mission, goals, and objectives. It describes some initial activities and sets out the Program's vision for contributing lasting benefit to the Gulf region and the nation. The Program is an extraordinary opportunity to foster science on a regional scale and over the long term. The document will be of interest to scientists, health professionals, engineers, and educators who wish to learn about, collaborate with, and submit proposals to the Program, and to all those who share the goal of enhancing resilience in areas where offshore energy production, vibrant communities, and dynamic ecosystems coexist. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Gail Cohen A2 - David Dierksheide A2 - Frederic Lestina TI - Revisiting the Manufacturing USA Institutes: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25420 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25420/revisiting-the-manufacturing-usa-institutes-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor AB - The Manufacturing USA initiative seeks to reinforce U.S.-based advanced manufacturing through partnerships among industry, academia, and government. Started in 2012 and established with bipartisan support by the Revitalize American Manufacturing and Innovation Act of 2014, the initiative envisages a nationwide network of research centers for manufacturing innovation. Some 14 manufacturing innovation institutes have been established to facilitate the movement of early-stage research into proven capabilities ready for adoption by U.S. manufacturers. To better understand the role and experiences of the Manufacturing USA institutes, a committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on May 23, 2017 drawing together institute directors and manufacturing policy experts along with leaders from industry, academia, and government. Given the continued prominence of enhancing domestic manufacturing and international competitiveness in public policy discussions, the National Academies convened a second workshop on November 14, 2018, to monitor the progress of the Manufacturing USA institutes. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from this second workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - Institute of Medicine TI - On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research: Third Edition SN - DO - 10.17226/12192 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12192/on-being-a-scientist-a-guide-to-responsible-conduct-in PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Explore Science AB - The scientific research enterprise is built on a foundation of trust. Scientists trust that the results reported by others are valid. Society trusts that the results of research reflect an honest attempt by scientists to describe the world accurately and without bias. But this trust will endure only if the scientific community devotes itself to exemplifying and transmitting the values associated with ethical scientific conduct. On Being a Scientist was designed to supplement the informal lessons in ethics provided by research supervisors and mentors. The book describes the ethical foundations of scientific practices and some of the personal and professional issues that researchers encounter in their work. It applies to all forms of research—whether in academic, industrial, or governmental settings-and to all scientific disciplines. This third edition of On Being a Scientist reflects developments since the publication of the original edition in 1989 and a second edition in 1995. A continuing feature of this edition is the inclusion of a number of hypothetical scenarios offering guidance in thinking about and discussing these scenarios. On Being a Scientist is aimed primarily at graduate students and beginning researchers, but its lessons apply to all scientists at all stages of their scientific careers. ER -