TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kenneth W. Kizer A2 - Suzanne Le Menestrel TI - Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society SN - DO - 10.17226/25380 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25380/strengthening-the-military-family-readiness-system-for-a-changing-american-society PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The U.S. military has been continuously engaged in foreign conflicts for over two decades. The strains that these deployments, the associated increases in operational tempo, and the general challenges of military life affect not only service members but also the people who depend on them and who support them as they support the nation – their families. Family members provide support to service members while they serve or when they have difficulties; family problems can interfere with the ability of service members to deploy or remain in theater; and family members are central influences on whether members continue to serve. In addition, rising family diversity and complexity will likely increase the difficulty of creating military policies, programs and practices that adequately support families in the performance of military duties. Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society examines the challenges and opportunities facing military families and what is known about effective strategies for supporting and protecting military children and families, as well as lessons to be learned from these experiences. This report offers recommendations regarding what is needed to strengthen the support system for military families. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Laura Aiuppa Denning A2 - Marc Meisnere A2 - Kenneth E. Warner TI - Preventing Psychological Disorders in Service Members and Their Families: An Assessment of Programs SN - DO - 10.17226/18597 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18597/preventing-psychological-disorders-in-service-members-and-their-families-an PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Being deployed to a war zone can result in numerous adverse psychological health conditions. It is well documented in the literature that there are high rates of psychological disorders among military personnel serving in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq as well as among the service members' families. For service members' families, the degree of hardship and negative consequences rises with the amount of the service members' exposure to traumatic or life-altering experiences. Adult and child members of the families of service members who experience wartime deployments have been found to be at increased risk for symptoms of psychological disorders and to be more likely to use mental health services. In an effort to provide early recognition and early intervention that meet the psychological health needs of service members and their families, DOD currently screens for many of these conditions at numerous points during the military life cycle, and it is implementing structural interventions that support the improved integration of military line personnel, non-medical caregivers, and clinicians, such as RESPECT-Mil (Re-engineering Systems of Primary Care Treatment in the Military), embedded mental health providers, and the Patient-Centered Medical Home. Preventing Psychological Disorders in Service Members and Their Families evaluates risk and protective factors in military and family populations and suggests that prevention strategies are needed at multiple levels - individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and societal - in order to address the influence that these factors have on psychological health. This report reviews and critiques reintegration programs and prevention strategies for PTSD, depression, recovery support, and prevention of substance abuse, suicide, and interpersonal violence. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Charles P. O'Brien A2 - Maryjo Oster A2 - Emily Morden TI - Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces SN - DO - 10.17226/13441 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13441/substance-use-disorders-in-the-us-armed-forces PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Problems stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol and other drugs are by no means a new phenomenon, although the face of the issues has changed in recent years. National trends indicate substantial increases in the abuse of prescription medications. These increases are particularly prominent within the military, a population that also continues to experience long-standing issues with alcohol abuse. The problem of substance abuse within the military has come under new scrutiny in the context of the two concurrent wars in which the United States has been engaged during the past decade—in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) and Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn). Increasing rates of alcohol and other drug misuse adversely affect military readiness, family readiness, and safety, thereby posing a significant public health problem for the Department of Defense (DoD). To better understand this problem, DoD requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) assess the adequacy of current protocols in place across DoD and the different branches of the military pertaining to the prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces reviews the IOM's task of assessing access to SUD care for service members, members of the National Guard and Reserves, and military dependents, as well as the education and credentialing of SUD care providers, and offers specific recommendations to DoD on where and how improvements in these areas could be made. ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Emily A. Callahan TI - Understanding and Overcoming the Challenge of Obesity and Overweight in the Armed Forces: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/25213 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25213/understanding-and-overcoming-the-challenge-of-obesity-and-overweight-in-the-armed-forces PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - Obesity and overweight pose significant challenges to the armed forces in the United States, affecting service members (including active duty, guard, and reserve components), veterans, retirees, and their families and communities. The consequences of obesity and overweight in the armed forces influence various aspects of its operations that are critical to national security. On May 7, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, held a workshop titled “Understanding and Overcoming the Challenge of Obesity and Overweight in the Armed Forces.” Speakers examined how obesity and overweight are measured in the armed forces and how they affect recruitment, retention, resilience, and readiness; discussed service-specific issues related to these problems and highlighted innovative strategies to address them through improved nutrition, physical activity, and stress management; and offered perspectives from outside of the armed forces on approaches to prevent and treat obesity. They also discussed the challenges and opportunities related to overcoming the concerns posed by obesity and overweight in the armed forces, military families, and their communities, including potential cross-sector opportunities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families SN - DO - 10.17226/12812 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12812/returning-home-from-iraq-and-afghanistan-preliminary-assessment-of-readjustment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Nearly 1.9 million U.S. troops have been deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq since October 2001. Many service members and veterans face serious challenges in readjusting to normal life after returning home. This initial book presents findings on the most critical challenges, and lays out the blueprint for the second phase of the study to determine how best to meet the needs of returning troops and their families. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Emily A. Callahan TI - Understanding and Overcoming the Challenge of Obesity and Overweight in the Armed Forces: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25128 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25128/understanding-and-overcoming-the-challenge-of-obesity-and-overweight-in-the-armed-forces PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - Obesity and overweight pose significant challenges to the armed forces in the United States, affecting service members (including active duty, guard, and reserve components), veterans, retirees, and their families and communities. The consequences of obesity and overweight in the armed forces influence various aspects of its operations that are critical to national security. On May 7, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, held a workshop titled “Understanding and Overcoming the Challenge of Obesity and Overweight in the Armed Forces.” Speakers examined how obesity and overweight are measured in the armed forces and how they affect recruitment, retention, resilience, and readiness; discussed service-specific issues related to these problems and highlighted innovative strategies to address them through improved nutrition, physical activity, and stress management; and offered perspectives from outside of the armed forces on approaches to prevent and treat obesity. They also discussed the challenges and opportunities related to overcoming the concerns posed by obesity and overweight in the armed forces, military families, and their communities, including potential cross-sector opportunities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Elizabeth Ellis A2 - Heather Menninger A2 - Roy Glauthier A2 - Valerie Sedig A2 - Beth Hamby A2 - Holly Chase A2 - Jason Quan A2 - Bennett Powell TI - Community Tools to Improve Transportation Options for Veterans, Military Service Members, and Their Families DO - 10.17226/22418 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22418/community-tools-to-improve-transportation-options-for-veterans-military-service-members-and-their-families PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 164: Community Tools to Improve Transportation Options for Veterans, Military Service Members, and Their Families explores ways to enhance transportation options for veterans, military service members, and their families by building on the concepts of transportation coordination and mobility management.The report provides guidance and tools to assess transportation needs of veterans, service members, and their families and ways to potentially improve public transit, specialized transportation, volunteer services, and other local transportation options needed to meet those needs.The report includes foundational information on community transportation services and initiatives currently available for veterans, service members, and their families. The report is designed to guide users through an organized process to help improve transportation options, building on the framework of coordination. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Amanda Berhaupt A2 - William H. Dietz TI - BMI and Beyond: Considering Context in Measuring Obesity and its Applications: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/27185 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27185/bmi-and-beyond-considering-context-in-measuring-obesity-and-its PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition KW - Health and Medicine AB - The National Academies Roundtable on Obesity Solutions hosted a workshop in April 2023 exploring the current science on measures of body composition and body fat distribution with a focus on the strengths and limitations of body mass index (BMI) as a measure of adiposity and health. This workshop was the first part of a two-part series, Exploring the Science on Measures of Body Composition, Body Fat Distribution, and Obesity. Presentations addressed how BMI is perceived and used globally across different sectors, ethnic groups, cultures, and across the lifespan. The presentations explored the utility of BMI as a measure to assess obesity morbidity and mortality, as well as alternative measures to BMI, and their effects on obesity prevention, treatment, and policy. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the discussions held during the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families SN - DO - 10.17226/13499 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13499/returning-home-from-iraq-and-afghanistan-assessment-of-readjustment-needs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - As of December 2012, Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) in Iraq have resulted in the deployment of about 2.2 million troops; there have been 2,222 US fatalities in OEF and Operation New Dawn (OND)1 and 4,422 in OIF. The numbers of wounded US troops exceed 16,000 in Afghanistan and 32,000 in Iraq. In addition to deaths and morbidity, the operations have unforeseen consequences that are yet to be fully understood. In contrast with previous conflicts, the all-volunteer military has experienced numerous deployments of individual service members; has seen increased deployments of women, parents of young children, and reserve and National Guard troops; and in some cases has been subject to longer deployments and shorter times at home between deployments. Numerous reports in the popular press have made the public aware of issues that have pointed to the difficulty of military personnel in readjusting after returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. Many of those who have served in OEF and OIF readjust with few difficulties, but others have problems in readjusting to home, reconnecting with family members, finding employment, and returning to school. In response to the return of large numbers of veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan with physical-health and mental-health problems and to the growing readjustment needs of active duty service members, veterans, and their family members, Congress included Section 1661 of the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2008. That section required the secretary of defense, in consultation with the secretary of veterans affairs, to enter into an agreement with the National Academies for a study of the physical-health, mental-health, and other readjustment needs of members and former members of the armed forces who were deployed in OIF or OEF, their families, and their communities as a result of such deployment. The study consisted of two phases. The Phase 1 task was to conduct a preliminary assessment. The Phase 2 task was to provide a comprehensive assessment of the physical, psychologic, social, and economic effects of deployment on and identification of gaps in care for members and former members, their families, and their communities. The Phase 1 report was completed in March 2010 and delivered to the Department of Defense (DOD), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and the relevant committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The secretaries of DOD and VA responded to the Phase 1 report in September 2010. Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families fulfills the requirement for Phase 2. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Military Nursing Research: Bibliographies DO - 10.17226/9180 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9180/military-nursing-research-bibliographies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - The Program for Research in Military Nursing: Progress and Future Direction SN - DO - 10.17226/5257 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5257/the-program-for-research-in-military-nursing-progress-and-future PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - High-quality nursing care is essential to obtaining favorable patient outcomes, no less so in military than in civilian settings. Military nursing research focuses on enhancing health care delivery systems and processes to improve clinical outcomes, to advance the practice of military nursing in support of mission readiness and deployment, and to improve the health status and quality of life of military personnel and their beneficiaries. This volume reviews the military nursing research program of the TriService Nursing Research Program in terms of its management, funding, allocation of resources, and identification of program goals. The book also contains the results of that study and the committee's recommendations. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Identifying Military Resources and Strategies to Improve Civilian Airport Resiliency DO - 10.17226/27453 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27453/identifying-military-resources-and-strategies-to-improve-civilian-airport-resiliency PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - The U.S. military has established resilience practices for domestic installations, and a number of different military organizations, such as the Air National Guard, are co-located at civilian airports. This situation provides opportunities for airports to learn from military resilience practices. ACRP Synthesis 133: Identifying Military Resources and Strategies to Improve Civilian Airport Resiliency, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, documents resiliency practices and processes from the National Guard and other military services that airports can adapt and leverage for their own facilities and in partnerships with co-located military facilities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 4: Human Resources SN - DO - 10.17226/5865 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5865/technology-for-the-united-states-navy-and-marine-corps-2000-2035-becoming-a-21st-century-force PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Industry and Labor ER - TY - BOOK TI - Budgeting for Facilities Maintenance and Repair Activities: Report Number 131 DO - 10.17226/9226 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9226/budgeting-for-facilities-maintenance-and-repair-activities-report-number-131 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola TI - Identifying and Managing Veteran Suicide Risk: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/27195 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27195/identifying-and-managing-veteran-suicide-risk-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - On May 23, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences hosted a workshop titled Current Practices and Challenges for Identifying and Managing Suicide Risk Among Veterans in Non-Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare Systems to explore the landscape of veteran health care and suicide risk; consider strategies to identify veterans who receive their health care outside of the VHA; and identify best practices for suicide risk identification and care for VA-purchased care in community and at non-VA entities. This proceedings presents a summary of the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Strengthening Data Science Methods for Department of Defense Personnel and Readiness Missions SN - DO - 10.17226/23670 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23670/strengthening-data-science-methods-for-department-of-defense-personnel-and-readiness-missions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel & Readiness), referred to throughout this report as P&R, is responsible for the total force management of all Department of Defense (DoD) components including the recruitment, readiness, and retention of personnel. Its work and policies are supported by a number of organizations both within DoD, including the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC), and externally, including the federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) that work for DoD. P&R must be able to answer questions for the Secretary of Defense such as how to recruit people with an aptitude for and interest in various specialties and along particular career tracks and how to assess on an ongoing basis service members' career satisfaction and their ability to meet new challenges. P&R must also address larger-scale questions, such as how the current realignment of forces to the Asia-Pacific area and other regions will affect recruitment, readiness, and retention. While DoD makes use of large-scale data and mathematical analysis in intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and elsewhere—exploiting techniques such as complex network analysis, machine learning, streaming social media analysis, and anomaly detection—these skills and capabilities have not been applied as well to the personnel and readiness enterprise. Strengthening Data Science Methods for Department of Defense Personnel and Readiness Missions offers and roadmap and implementation plan for the integration of data analysis in support of decisions within the purview of P&R. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Provision of Mental Health Counseling Services Under TRICARE SN - DO - 10.17226/12813 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12813/provision-of-mental-health-counseling-services-under-tricare PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In this book, the IOM makes recommendations for permitting independent practice for mental health counselors treating patients within TRICARE--the DOD's health care benefits program. This would change current policy, which requires all counselors to practice under a physician's supervision without regard to their education, training, licensure or experience. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Lois M. Joellenbeck A2 - Philip K. Russell A2 - Samuel B. Guze TI - Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces: Medical Surveillance, Record Keeping, and Risk Reduction SN - DO - 10.17226/9711 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9711/strategies-to-protect-the-health-of-deployed-us-forces-medical PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Nine years after Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm (the Gulf War) ended in June 1991, uncertainty and questions remain about illnesses reported in a substantial percentage of the 697,000 service members who were deployed. Even though it was a short conflict with very few battle casualties or immediately recognized disease or non-battle injuries, the events of the Gulf War and the experiences of the ensuing years have made clear many potentially instructive aspects of the deployment and its hazards. Since the Gulf War, several other large deployments have also occurred, including deployments to Haiti and Somalia. Major deployments to Bosnia, Southwest Asia, and, most recently, Kosovo are ongoing as this report is written. This report draws on lessons learned from some of these deployments to consider strategies to protect the health of troops in future deployments. In the spring of 1996, Deputy Secretary of Defense John White met with leadership of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine to explore the prospect of an independent, proactive effort to learn from lessons of the Gulf War and to develop a strategy to better protect the health of troops in future deployments. ER -