@BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Heather M. Colvin and Abigail E. Mitchell", title = "Hepatitis and Liver Cancer: A National Strategy for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis B and C", isbn = "978-0-309-14628-9", abstract = "The global epidemic of hepatitis B and C is a serious public health problem. Hepatitis B and C are the major causes of chronic liver disease and liver cancer in the world. In the next 10 years, 150,000 people in the United States will die from liver disease or liver cancer associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Today, between 800,000 and 1.4 million people in the United States have chronic hepatitis B and between 2.7 and 3.9 million have chronic hepatitis C. People most at risk for hepatitis B and C often are the least likely to have access to medical services. Reducing the rates of illness and death associated with these diseases will require greater awareness and knowledge among health care workers, improved identification of at-risk people, and improved access to medical care.\n\nHepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease. Although federal public health officials recommend that all newborns, children, and at-risk adults receive the vaccine, about 46,000 new acute cases of the HBV infection emerge each year, including 1,000 in infants who acquire the infection during birth from their HBV-positive mothers. Unfortunately, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C, which is transmitted by direct exposure to infectious blood.\n\nHepatitis and Liver Cancer identifies missed opportunities related to the prevention and control of HBV and HCV infections. The book presents ways to reduce the numbers of new HBV and HCV infections and the morbidity and mortality related to chronic viral hepatitis. It identifies priorities for research, policy, and action geared toward federal, state, and local public health officials, stakeholder, and advocacy groups and professional organizations.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12793/hepatitis-and-liver-cancer-a-national-strategy-for-prevention-and", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Glenn Schweitzer and Mohammad Reza Zali and George Jackson", title = "Food Safety and Foodborne Disease Surveillance Systems: Proceedings of an Iranian-American Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-10033-5", abstract = "In October 2004 the Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases of Shaheed Beheshti University hosted in Tehran an Iranian-American workshop on Food Safety and Surveillance Systems for Foodborne Diseases. The purposes of the workshop were to initiate contacts between Iranian and American specialists, exchange information about relevant activities in the two countries, and set the stage for future cooperation in the field. The participants also identified important aspects of food safety that should be addressed more intensively by both countries, including surveillance, research, international trade, and risk assessment. The framework for the workshop had been developed during a meeting of Iranian and American specialists in June 2003 in Les Treilles, France. More that 100 specialists participated in the workshop in their personal capacities, along with representatives of the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization. These proceedings include a number of papers that were presented at the workshop together with summaries of discussions following presentation of the papers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11526/food-safety-and-foodborne-disease-surveillance-systems-proceedings-of-an", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2000", isbn = "978-0-309-07552-7", abstract = "Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2000 examines the state of the scientific evidence regarding associations between diseases and exposure to dioxin and other chemical compounds in herbicides used in Vietnam. It is the fourth in a series of comprehensive reviews of epidemiologic and toxicologic studies of the agents used as defoliants during the Vietnam War. Over forty health outcomes in veterans and their children are addressed. \nAmong the report's conclusions is that there is sufficient evidence of a link between exposure and the development of soft-tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and chloracne in veterans. Additionally, it found that scientific studies offer \"limited or suggestive\" evidence of an association with other diseases in veterans\u2014including Type 2 diabetes, respiratory cancers, prostate cancer, multiple myeloma and some forms of transient peripheral neuropathy\u2014as well as the congenital birth defect spina bifida in veterans' children.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10098/veterans-and-agent-orange-update-2000", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Human Vitamin B6 Requirements: Proceedings of a Workshop", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19913/human-vitamin-b6-requirements-proceedings-of-a-workshop", year = 1978, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Diet and Health: Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk", isbn = "978-0-309-07474-2", abstract = "Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1222/diet-and-health-implications-for-reducing-chronic-disease-risk", year = 1989, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Gillian J. Buckley and Brian L. Strom", title = "Eliminating the Public Health Problem of Hepatitis B and C in the United States: Phase One Report", isbn = "978-0-309-43799-8", abstract = "Hepatitis B and C cause most cases of hepatitis in the United States and the world. The two diseases account for about a million deaths a year and 78 percent of world's hepatocellular carcinoma and more than half of all fatal cirrhosis. In 2013 viral hepatitis, of which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common types, surpassed HIV and AIDS to become the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. \n\nThe world now has the tools to prevent hepatitis B and cure hepatitis C. Perfect vaccination could eradicate HBV, but it would take two generations at least. In the meantime, there is no cure for the millions of people already infected. Conversely, there is no vaccine for HCV, but new direct-acting antivirals can cure 95 percent of chronic infections, though these drugs are unlikely to reach all chronically-infected people anytime soon. This report, the first of two, examines the feasibility of hepatitis B and C elimination in the United States and identifies critical success factors. The phase two report will outline a strategy for meeting the elimination goals discussed in this report.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23407/eliminating-the-public-health-problem-of-hepatitis-b-and-c-in-the-united-states", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Review of VA Clinical Guidance for the Health Conditions Identified by the Camp Lejeune Legislation", isbn = "978-0-309-31600-2", abstract = "U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, located in eastern North Carolina, is a large installation that covers 156,000 acres and is home at any given time to a population of about 170,000 active-duty personnel, family members, retirees, and civilian employees living on base or in the surrounding community. Between 1957 and 1987, the ground water at Camp Lejeune was inadvertently contaminated with chemicals, primarily industrial solvents that are now known to cause cancer and other health problems. In 1980, drinking water contaminants, primarily trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE), as well as other solvents, were first detected at Camp Lejeune in treated drinking water. The contaminated wells were closed in 1987. In 1989, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency placed Camp Lejeune on the National Priorities List, also known as Superfund. It is estimated that between 500,000 and 1,000,000 people may have used the contaminated water and many of them continue to have concerns about the long-term effects that might result from that exposure.\nIn 2012 Congress passed the Honoring America's Veterans and Caring for Camp Lejeune Families Act. The law provides health benefits to veterans and family members who have any of 15 health outcomes associated with exposure to TCE, PCE, or solvent mixtures. At the request of the Veteran's Administration, Review of the VA Guidance for the Health Conditions Identified by the Camp Lejeune Legislation reviews the latest scientific literature to ensure that the clinical guidance provided for the 15 covered medical conditions is scientifically sound. This report also describes the medical conditions that result from renal toxicity due to solvent exposures and characterizes neurobehavioral effects as mandated for coverage in the law.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18991/review-of-va-clinical-guidance-for-the-health-conditions-identified-by-the-camp-lejeune-legislation", year = 2015, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Joah G. Iannotta", title = "Emerging Issues in Hispanic Health: Summary of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-08524-3", abstract = "Hispanics are defined as people of Spanish-speaking origin from Latin America, the Caribbean, or Europe. Hispanics vary in terms of socioeconomic status, race, religion and\/or more. A common occurrence among the Hispanics, however, are the emerging issues concerning their health.It is estimated that by 2050 Hispanics will make up more than 25% of the United States' population. It is thus important that they have the resources to contribute maximally to American society. This can come about by first understanding and dealing with issues surrounding their health. \n In hopes of examining these issues and as a part of its continuing commitment to promote a national dialogue on race and diversity in the United States, the National Academies organized an expert meeting on Emerging Issues in Hispanic Health on April 10, 2002.\nEmerging Issues in Hispanic Health: Summary of a Workshop includes a review of key demographic data, such as population statistics, that characterize the Hispanic population in the United States; research on the socioeconomic, sociocultural, and behavioral determinants of health; effects of selective migration; the apparent epidemiological paradox : the relatively positive health outcomes observed in some Hispanic populations despite their relatively poor socioeconomic status or other types of disadvantage such as discrimination; and more.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10485/emerging-issues-in-hispanic-health-summary-of-a-workshop", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Laura Aiuppa Denning and Megan Snair and Ruth Cooper", title = "Exploring the State of the Science of Solid Organ Transplantation and Disability: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-68336-4", abstract = "Transplantation of a solid organ, such as a kidney, heart, or liver, is a lifesaving procedure and is sometimes the only viable treatment for patients experiencing end-stage organ failure as a result of illness or injury. A growing prevalence of solid organ diseases in the United States is contributing to more people needing a transplant and longer wait times on the national transplant waiting list. While transplantation can lengthen a person's life, the road to recovery is difficult and complex. Transplant recipients commonly experience considerable impairments related to health factors, medication side effects, organ rejection, or other setbacks that can cause functional limitations. A spectrum of services and supports can be beneficial to patient functioning and quality of life, but patient access is variable due to individual, system, and social factors.\nTo gain an understanding of current scientific findings in the field of solid organ transplantation, the U.S. Social Security Administration asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Health Care Services to organize a virtual public workshop to examine disability associated with organ transplantation. The workshop, held March 22-23, 2021, focused on kidney, heart, liver, and lung transplantation, and to a lesser extent intestine transplantation. Subject-matter experts presented on clinical aspects of post-transplantation recovery and described the implications for physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning in adults and children. This publication summarizes the presentations and panel discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26213/exploring-the-state-of-the-science-of-solid-organ-transplantation-and-disability", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Copper in Drinking Water", isbn = "978-0-309-06939-7", abstract = "The safety of the nation's drinking water must be maintained to ensure the health of the public. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating the levels of substances in the drinking water supply. Copper can leach into drinking water from the pipes in the distribution system, and the allowable levels are regulated by the EPA. The regulation of copper, however, is complicated by the fact that it is both necessary to the normal functioning of the body and toxic to the body at too high a level.\nThe National Research Council was requested to form a committee to review the scientific validity of the EPA's maximum contaminant level goal for copper in drinking water. Copper in Drinking Water outlines the findings of the committee's review. The book provides a review of the toxicity of copper as well as a discussion of the essential nature of this metal. The risks posed by both short-term and long-term exposure to copper are characterized, and the implications for public health are discussed. This book is a valuable reference for individuals involved in the regulation of water supplies and individuals interested in issues surrounding this metal.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9782/copper-in-drinking-water", year = 2000, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Joe Alper and Keegan Sawyer", title = "The Promise of Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Analysis Tools to Advance Environmental Health Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "Over the past decade, single-molecule and single-cell technologies have rapidly advanced healthcare research by enabling scientists to isolate individual cells. On March 7\u20138, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 2-day workshop to explore new single-cell and single-molecule analysis technologies. The participants discussed different uses of new cell technologies, valuable tools and lessons for data analysis, the challenges of translating single-cell genomics to the clinic, and applications in environmental health. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25492/the-promise-of-single-cell-and-single-molecule-analysis-tools-to-advance-environmental-health-research", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Steve Olson and Sally Robinson and Robert Giffin", title = "Accelerating the Development of Biomarkers for Drug Safety: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-13124-7", abstract = "Biomarkers can be defined as indicators of any biologic state, and they are central to the future of medicine. As the cost of developing drugs has risen in recent years, reducing the number of new drugs approved for use, biomarker development may be a way to cut costs, enhance safety, and provide a more focused and rational pathway to drug development.\nOn October 24, 2008, the IOM's Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held \"Assessing and Accelerating Development of Biomarkers for Drug Safety,\" a one-day workshop, summarized in this volume, on the value of biomarkers in helping to determine drug safety during development.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12587/accelerating-the-development-of-biomarkers-for-drug-safety-workshop-summary", year = 2009, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Gillian J. Buckley and Brian L. Strom", title = "A National Strategy for the Elimination of Hepatitis B and C: Phase Two Report", isbn = "978-0-309-45729-3", abstract = "Hepatitis B and C cause most cases of hepatitis in the United States and the world. The two diseases account for about a million deaths a year and 78 percent of world's hepatocellular carcinoma and more than half of all fatal cirrhosis. In 2013 viral hepatitis, of which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common types, surpassed HIV and AIDS to become the seventh leading cause of death worldwide.\n\nThe world now has the tools to prevent hepatitis B and cure hepatitis C. Perfect vaccination could eradicate HBV, but it would take two generations at least. In the meantime, there is no cure for the millions of people already infected. Conversely, there is no vaccine for HCV, but new direct-acting antivirals can cure 95 percent of chronic infections, though these drugs are unlikely to reach all chronically-infected people anytime soon. This report, the second of two, builds off the conclusions of the first report and outlines a strategy for hepatitis reduction over time and specific actions to achieve them.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24731/a-national-strategy-for-the-elimination-of-hepatitis-b-and-c", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Advances in the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Disabling Physical Health Conditions", isbn = "978-0-309-70196-9", abstract = "The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides benefits to adults and children who meet the eligibility requirements for a disability as described in Title II and Title XVI of the Social Security Act. To determine whether more accurate or precise techniques exist for determining if a previously evaluated physical impairment is either more or less severe, SSA requested the National Academies assemble a committee to review new or improved diagnostic or evaluative techniques that have become generally available within the past 30 years for cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, hematological, and digestive conditions. The resulting report presents a summary of the evidence and information around a selected subset of diagnostic and evaluative techniques.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26941/advances-in-the-diagnosis-and-evaluation-of-disabling-physical-health-conditions", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Justin Snair and Matthew Masiello and Scott Wollek", title = "Public Health Research and Surveillance Priorities from the East Palestine Train Derailment: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "The National Academies hosted a virtual public workshop series in November 2023 to determine the health research and surveillance priorities related to the East Palestine, Ohio, train derailment and hazardous material release that occurred on February 3, 2023. Discussions explored potential health impacts and lessons learned from the incident, focusing on research questions specific to affected communities in East Palestine and surrounding areas of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Special care was taken for present and future public health response planning to be responsive to community feedback, questions, and concerns across hazards, exposures, risks, and health impacts.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27441/public-health-research-and-surveillance-priorities-from-the-east-palestine-train-derailment", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Research Council", editor = "Bruce M. Altevogt and Diana E. Pankevich and Marilee K. Shelton-Davenport and Jeffrey P. Kahn", title = "Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity", isbn = "978-0-309-22039-2", abstract = "For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13257/chimpanzees-in-biomedical-and-behavioral-research-assessing-the-necessity", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Organ Procurement and Transplantation: Assessing Current Policies and the Potential Impact of the DHHS Final Rule", isbn = "978-0-309-06578-8", abstract = "Each day, nearly 60 Americans receive a transplanted kidney, liver, or other organ\u2014a literal \"second chance at life\"\u2014but 11 others die waiting for an organ transplant. The number of donors, although rising, is not growing fast enough to meet the increasing demand. Intended to improve the current system of organ procurement and allocation, the \"Final Rule,\" a 1998 regulation issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, sparked further controversy with its attempts to eliminate the apparent geographic disparities in the time an individual must wait for an organ.\nThis book assesses the potential impact of the Final Rule on organ transplantation. It also presents new, original analyses of data, and assesses medical practices, social and economic observations, and other information on: access to transplantation services for low-income populations and racial and ethnic minority groups; organ donation rates; waiting times for transplantation; patient survival rates and organ failure rates leading to retransplantation; and cost of organ transplantation services.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9628/organ-procurement-and-transplantation-assessing-current-policies-and-the-potential", year = 1999, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Quality of Life and Technology Assessment", isbn = "978-0-309-04098-3", abstract = "The field of health care technology assessment focuses on the use of medical technologies\u2014their impacts on safety, efficacy, and effectiveness; cost-effectiveness and cost benefit; quality; and their social, legal, and ethical implications. This wide-ranging monograph addresses some of the gaps in understanding health status and quality of life, such as the use of quality-of-life measures in technology assessment, organ transplantation, and pharmaceutical trials. One chapter provides basic references for the technical attributes of many established measures and some lesser known ones. The final chapter offers recommendations concerning the appropriate applications of these measures and highlights areas for cooperative research.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1424/quality-of-life-and-technology-assessment", year = 1989, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Kenneth W. Kizer and Rebecca A. English and Meredith Hackmann", title = "Realizing the Promise of Equity in the Organ Transplantation System", isbn = "978-0-309-27072-4", abstract = "Each year, the individuals and organizations in the U.S. organ donation, procurement, allocation, and distribution system work together to provide transplants to many thousands of people, but thousands more die before getting a transplant due to the ongoing shortage of deceased donor organs and inequitable access to transplant waiting lists.\nRealizing the Promise of Equity in the Organ Transplantation System, a new consensus study report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine\u2019s Committee on A Fairer and More Equitable, Cost-Effective, and Transparent System of Donor Organ Procurement, Allocation, and Distribution, provides expert recommendations to improve fairness, equity, transparency, and cost-effectiveness in the donor organ system.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26364/realizing-the-promise-of-equity-in-the-organ-transplantation-system", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Frederick J. Manning and Morton Swartz", title = "Review of the Fialuridine (FIAU) Clinical Trials", isbn = "978-0-309-05279-5", abstract = "In June 1993 a clinical trial of fialuridine (FIAU), a promising new medication for hepatitis B, was abruptly terminated when one of the 15 out-patients participating in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) study was suddenly hospitalized with liver failure. Although all the remaining patients were contacted and told to stop taking their medication, six more subsequently developed severe toxicity. Five patients died, and two others were probably saved from death only by having liver transplants.\nIn response to a request from the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, the IOM committee has analyzed the FIAU clinical trials, making recommendations for additional safeguards for the conduct of future clinical trials. This evaluation included the review of documents pertaining to investigational new drug submissions, protocols and consent forms from other clinical trials, as well as information available from other clinical and preclinical experience with compounds related to FIAU and its parent drug, fiacitibine (FIAC), which is metabolized to FIAU. The committee does not seek to affix responsibility for the adverse outcome of this NIH trial, but instead focuses on whether any rules or procedures governing the clinical trials process itself need to be changed, and if so, what burdens or costs such changes might place on future clinical trials.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4887/review-of-the-fialuridine-fiau-clinical-trials", year = 1995, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }