%0 Book %T Uses of Communications: Supporting Paper 2 %D 1975 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20639/uses-of-communications-supporting-paper-2 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20639/uses-of-communications-supporting-paper-2 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Engineering and Technology %P 58 %0 Book %T Reports on Selected Topics in Telecommunications %D 1968 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21008/reports-on-selected-topics-in-telecommunications %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21008/reports-on-selected-topics-in-telecommunications %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Computers and Information Technology %P 158 %0 Book %T A Review of Selected Activities in the Office of Telecommunications, Department of Commerce %D 1978 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10445/a-review-of-selected-activities-in-the-office-of-telecommunications-department-of-commerce %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10445/a-review-of-selected-activities-in-the-office-of-telecommunications-department-of-commerce %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 20 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Achieving Science with CubeSats: Thinking Inside the Box %@ 978-0-309-44263-3 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23503/achieving-science-with-cubesats-thinking-inside-the-box %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23503/achieving-science-with-cubesats-thinking-inside-the-box %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 130 %X Space-based observations have transformed our understanding of Earth, its environment, the solar system and the universe at large. During past decades, driven by increasingly advanced science questions, space observatories have become more sophisticated and more complex, with costs often growing to billions of dollars. Although these kinds of ever-more-sophisticated missions will continue into the future, small satellites, ranging in mass between 500 kg to 0.1 kg, are gaining momentum as an additional means to address targeted science questions in a rapid, and possibly more affordable, manner. Within the category of small satellites, CubeSats have emerged as a space-platform defined in terms of (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm)- sized cubic units of approximately 1.3 kg each called "U's." Historically, CubeSats were developed as training projects to expose students to the challenges of real-world engineering practices and system design. Yet, their use has rapidly spread within academia, industry, and government agencies both nationally and internationally. In particular, CubeSats have caught the attention of parts of the U.S. space science community, which sees this platform, despite its inherent constraints, as a way to affordably access space and perform unique measurements of scientific value. The first science results from such CubeSats have only recently become available; however, questions remain regarding the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats in the future. Achieving Science with CubeSats reviews the current state of the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats. This report focuses on the platform's promise to obtain high- priority science data, as defined in recent decadal surveys in astronomy and astrophysics, Earth science and applications from space, planetary science, and solar and space physics (heliophysics); the science priorities identified in the 2014 NASA Science Plan; and the potential for CubeSats to advance biology and microgravity research. It provides a list of sample science goals for CubeSats, many of which address targeted science, often in coordination with other spacecraft, or use "sacrificial," or high-risk, orbits that lead to the demise of the satellite after critical data have been collected. Other goals relate to the use of CubeSats as constellations or swarms deploying tens to hundreds of CubeSats that function as one distributed array of measurements. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Buses, Commiftee for the Study of Safety Benefits and Costs of Using Citizens Band Radios on Intercity %T Should Intercity Bus Drivers Be Allowed To Use CB Radios?: Special Report 205 %D 1984 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11372/should-intercity-bus-drivers-be-allowed-to-use-cb-radios %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11372/should-intercity-bus-drivers-be-allowed-to-use-cb-radios %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 93 %X TRB Special Report 205: Should Intercity Bus Drivers Be Allowed To Use CB Radios? recognizes the importance of improved communications on the highways, but also recognizes that CB radios have many drawbacks and are not sufficiently reliable to warrant recommending universal use on intercity buses.Transportation Research Board (TRB) staff visited several bus companies, including some that allow their drivers to use CB radios. Staff members, unidentified to drivers, also rode a number of buses to gain firsthand experience with how CB radios are used by bus drivers who work for companies that allow them. The Committee examined the incident files of Trailways to determine the types and frequency of on-board emergencies faced by the nation's bus drivers and to estimate the probable use of CB radios should they be permitted universally. The Committee also reviewed the accident records of the Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety to decide how often CBS might be needed to call for police and medical assistance in the case of bus accidents. Finally, the Committee examined a number of alternative mobile communications systems to determine if there are any cost-effective alternatives to CB radios. The majority concluded that although benefits might accrue, they do not appear to be large enough or sufficiently certain to warrant federal intervention in this dispute. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Strategy for Active Remote Sensing Amid Increased Demand for Radio Spectrum %@ 978-0-309-37305-0 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21729/a-strategy-for-active-remote-sensing-amid-increased-demand-for-radio-spectrum %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21729/a-strategy-for-active-remote-sensing-amid-increased-demand-for-radio-spectrum %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 247 %X Active remote sensing is the principal tool used to study and to predict short- and long-term changes in the environment of Earth - the atmosphere, the oceans and the land surfaces - as well as the near space environment of Earth. All of these measurements are essential to understanding terrestrial weather, climate change, space weather hazards, and threats from asteroids. Active remote sensing measurements are of inestimable benefit to society, as we pursue the development of a technological civilization that is economically viable, and seek to maintain the quality of our life. A Strategy for Active Remote Sensing Amid Increased Demand for Spectrum describes the threats, both current and future, to the effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum required for active remote sensing. This report offers specific recommendations for protecting and making effective use of the spectrum required for active remote sensing. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition %@ 978-0-309-37659-4 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21774/handbook-of-frequency-allocations-and-spectrum-protection-for-scientific-uses %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21774/handbook-of-frequency-allocations-and-spectrum-protection-for-scientific-uses %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 280 %X The electromagnetic spectrum is a vital part of our environment. Measures of radio frequency emissions from natural phenomena enable both practical applications, such as weather predictions and studies of the changing of Earth's climate here at home, and reveal the physical properties of cosmic sources. The spectrum is therefore a resource to be used wisely now and to be protected for future generations. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition sets forth the principles for the allocation and protection of spectral bands for services using the radio spectrum for scientific research. This report describes the radio frequency bands used by scientific services and includes relevant regulatory information and discussion of scientific use of frequency bands. This reference will guide spectrum managers and spectrum regulatory bodies on science issues and serve as a resource to scientists and other spectrum users. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Summary of a Forum on Spectrum Management Policy Reform %@ 978-0-309-09243-2 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11007/summary-of-a-forum-on-spectrum-management-policy-reform %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11007/summary-of-a-forum-on-spectrum-management-policy-reform %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 57 %X In 2003, the Department of Commerce’s Spectrum Policy Initiative was established with the objective of promoting a more efficient and beneficial use of the spectrum. As part of that Initiative, a series of public forums about spectrum management policy was held. The Computer Science and Telecommunications Board was asked to organize one of these forums, a public forum to gather the views of a variety of government and private sector stakeholders about the impact of spectrum policy on their activities. This report presents a summary of those views. Among those included are those representing national defense, homeland security, aviation, science, public safety, amateur radio, cellular voice and data, and terrestrial broadcast uses of the spectrum. Although prepared by the NRC, the report does not present NRC findings or recommendations. A broader study of spectrum policy, including findings and recommendations, will be issued in early 2005. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T 2022 Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Communications Technology Laboratory %@ 978-0-309-69593-0 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26778/2022-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technologys-communications-technology-laboratory %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26778/2022-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technologys-communications-technology-laboratory %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 100 %X At the request of the director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, this report assesses the management of Standards and Technology Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL), focusing on the work, facilities, equipment, personnel, portfolios of scientific expertise, and effective dissemination of the results. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academy of Engineering %T Revolution in the U.S. Information Infrastructure %@ 978-0-309-05287-0 %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4944/revolution-in-the-us-information-infrastructure %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4944/revolution-in-the-us-information-infrastructure %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 88 %X While societies have always had information infrastructures, the power and reach of today's information technologies offer opportunities to transform work and family lives in an unprecedented fashion. This volume, a collection of six papers presented at the 1994 National Academy of Engineering Meeting Technical Session, presents a range of views on the subject of the revolution in the U.S. information infrastructure. The papers cover a variety of current issues including an overview of the technological developments driving the evolution of information infrastructures and where they will lead; the development of the Internet, particularly the government's role in its evolution; the impact of regulatory reform and antitrust enforcement on the telecommunications revolution; and perspectives from the computer, wireless, and satellite communications industries. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Sharing Information between Public Safety and Transportation Agencies for Traffic Incident Management %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13730/sharing-information-between-public-safety-and-transportation-agencies-for-traffic-incident-management %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13730/sharing-information-between-public-safety-and-transportation-agencies-for-traffic-incident-management %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 86 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 520: Sharing Information between Public Safety and Transportation Agencies for Traffic Incident Management presents lessons learned from around the country on how public safety and transportation agencies share information for managing traffic incidents. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Global Positioning System: A Shared National Asset %@ 978-0-309-05283-2 %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4920/the-global-positioning-system-a-shared-national-asset %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4920/the-global-positioning-system-a-shared-national-asset %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %K Engineering and Technology %P 284 %X The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that was originally designed for the U.S. military. However, the number of civilian GPS users now exceeds the military users, and many commercial markets have emerged. This book identifies technical improvements that would enhance military, civilian, and commercial use of the GPS. Several technical improvements are recommended that could be made to enhance the overall system performance. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Wireless Technology Prospects and Policy Options %@ 978-0-309-16398-9 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13051/wireless-technology-prospects-and-policy-options %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13051/wireless-technology-prospects-and-policy-options %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 112 %X The use of radio-frequency communication--commonly referred to as wireless communication--is becoming more pervasive as well as more economically and socially important. Technological progress over many decades has enabled the deployment of several successive generations of cellular telephone technology, which is now used by many billions of people worldwide; the near-universal addition of wireless local area networking to personal computers; and a proliferation of actual and proposed uses of wireless communications. The flood of new technologies, applications, and markets has also opened up opportunities for examining and adjusting the policy framework that currently governs the management and use of the spectrum and the institutions involved in it, and models for allocating spectrum and charging for it have come under increasing scrutiny. Yet even as many agree that further change to the policy framework is needed, there is debate about precisely how the overall framework should be changed, what trajectory its evolution should follow, and how dramatic or rapid the change should be. Many groups have opinions, positions, demands, and desires related to these questions--reflecting multiple commercial, social, and political agendas and a mix of technical, economic, and social perspectives. The development of technologies and associated policy and regulatory regimes are often closely coupled, an interplay apparent as early as the 1910s, when spectrum policy emerged in response to the growth of radio communications. As outlined in this report, current and ongoing technological advances suggest the need for a careful reassessment of the assumptions that inform spectrum policy in the United States today. This book seeks to shine a spotlight on 21st-century technology trends and to outline the implications of emerging technologies for spectrum management in ways that the committee hopes will be useful to those setting future spectrum policy. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Fair Weather: Effective Partnership in Weather and Climate Services %@ 978-0-309-08746-9 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10610/fair-weather-effective-partnership-in-weather-and-climate-services %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10610/fair-weather-effective-partnership-in-weather-and-climate-services %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Space and Aeronautics %P 238 %X Decades of evolving U.S. policy have led to three sectors providing weather services—NOAA (primarily the National Weather Service [NWS]), academic institutions, and private companies. This three-sector system has produced a scope and diversity of weather services in the United States second to none. However, rapid scientific and technological change is changing the capabilities of the sectors and creating occasional friction. Fair Weather: Effective Partnerships in Weather and Climate Services examines the roles of the three sectors in providing weather and climate services, the barriers to interaction among the sectors, and the impact of scientific and technological advances on the weather enterprise. Readers from all three sectors will be interested in the analysis and recommendations provided in Fair Weather. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2023 %@ 978-0-309-30714-7 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26080/views-of-the-us-national-academies-of-sciences-engineering-and-medicine-on-agenda-items-at-issue-at-the-world-radiocommunication-conference-2023 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26080/views-of-the-us-national-academies-of-sciences-engineering-and-medicine-on-agenda-items-at-issue-at-the-world-radiocommunication-conference-2023 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 126 %X The radio frequency spectrum is a limited resource for which there is an ever-increasing demand from an expansive range of applications - all the way from commercial, such as mobile phones, to scientific, such as hurricane monitoring from space. Since radio waves do not stop at national borders, international regulation is necessary to ensure effective use of the radio spectrum for all parties. Use of the radio spectrum is regulated internationally by the Radio Regulations (RR), an international treaty. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has as its mission the facilitation of the efficient and interference-free use of the radio spectrum. Every 2 to 5 years, the ITU convenes a World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) to review and revise the international RR. Changes to the RR are formulated through proposals to the conference according to Agenda Items, which are agreed on at the previous WRC. At the request of the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, this report provides guidance to U.S. spectrum managers and policymakers as they prepare for the 2023 WRC to protect the scientific exploration of Earth and the universe using the radio spectrum. This report identifies the 2023 agenda items of relevance to U.S. radio astronomers and Earth remote sensing researchers, along with proposed agenda items for the 2027 WRC. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %T Communication Mediums for Signal, ITS, and Freeway Surveillance Systems: Final Report %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6338/communication-mediums-for-signal-its-and-freeway-surveillance-systems-final %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6338/communication-mediums-for-signal-its-and-freeway-surveillance-systems-final %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 540 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Telecommunications Research and Engineering at the Communications Technology Laboratory of the Department of Commerce: Meeting the Nation's Telecommunications Needs %@ 978-0-309-37980-9 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21828/telecommunications-research-and-engineering-at-the-communications-technology-laboratory-of-the-department-of-commerce %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21828/telecommunications-research-and-engineering-at-the-communications-technology-laboratory-of-the-department-of-commerce %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 64 %X The Department of Commerce operates two telecommunications research laboratories located at the Department of Commerce's Boulder, Colorado, campus: the National Telecommunications and Information Administration's (NTIA's) Institute for Telecommunications Sciences (ITS) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL). CTL develops appropriate measurements and standards to enable interoperable public safety communications, effective and efficient spectrum use and sharing, and advanced communication technologies. CTL is a newly organized laboratory within NIST, formed mid-2014. As it is new and its planned work represents a departure from that carried out by the elements of which it was composed, this study focuses on its available resources and future plans rather than past work. The Boulder telecommunications laboratories currently play an important role in the economic vitality of the country and can play an even greater role given the importance of access to spectrum and spectrum sharing to the wireless networking and mobile cellular industries. Research advances are needed to ensure the continued evolution and enhancement of the connected world the public has come to expect. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T An Assessment of the Communications Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2019 %@ 978-0-309-49898-2 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25602/an-assessment-of-the-communications-technology-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25602/an-assessment-of-the-communications-technology-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 58 %X An Assessment of the Communications Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2019 is an independent technical assessment of the quality of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL). It reviews the organization's technical programs, the portfolio of scientific expertise within the organization, the adequacy of the organization's facilities, equipment, and human resources, and the effectiveness by which the organization disseminates its program outputs. This report focuses on CTL priority areas such as public safety communications, trusted spectrum testing, and Next Generation Wireless (5G and Beyond). It also assesses the extent to which CTL applied the recommendations from a 2015 National Academies' report, which describes many of the critical uses of radio communications, provides lab-specific recommendations, and highlights important research priorities for the Boulder, Colorado communications technology laboratory of the Department of Commerce laboratory. This new report also describes the current activities of the Boulder telecommunications laboratories, its strengths and weaknesses as an organization, and its plans for the near future %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items of Interest to the Science Services at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 %@ 978-0-309-46565-6 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24899/views-of-the-us-national-academies-of-sciences-engineering-and-medicine-on-agenda-items-of-interest-to-the-science-services-at-the-world-radiocommunication-conference-2019 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24899/views-of-the-us-national-academies-of-sciences-engineering-and-medicine-on-agenda-items-of-interest-to-the-science-services-at-the-world-radiocommunication-conference-2019 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 74 %X The radio frequency spectrum is a limited resource with ever increasing demand from an expansive range of applications—all the way from commercial, such as mobile phones, to scientific, such as hurricane monitoring from space. Since radio waves do not stop at national borders, international regulation is necessary to ensure effective use of the radio spectrum for all parties. Every 2 to 5 years, the International Telecommunication Union convenes a World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) to review and revise the international radio regulations. This report provides guidance to U.S. spectrum managers and policymakers as they prepare for the WRC in 2019. While the resulting document is targeted primarily at U.S. agencies dealing with radio spectrum issues, other Administrations and foreign scientific users may find its recommendations useful in their own WRC planning. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Viswanathan, Kristin %E Wizemann, Theresa %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %T Preparedness and Response to a Rural Mass Casualty Incident: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-17717-7 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13070/preparedness-and-response-to-a-rural-mass-casualty-incident-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13070/preparedness-and-response-to-a-rural-mass-casualty-incident-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 144 %X Problems contacting emergency services and delayed assistance are not unusual when incidents occur in rural areas, and the consequences can be devastating, particularly with mass casualty incidents. The IOM's Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events held a workshop to examine the current capabilities of emergency response systems and the future opportunities to improve mass casualty response in rural communities.