%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Moats, Sheila %E Hoglund, Julia %T Nutrition and Healthy Aging in the Community: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-25310-9 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13344/nutrition-and-healthy-aging-in-the-community-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13344/nutrition-and-healthy-aging-in-the-community-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 152 %X The U.S. population of older adults is predicted to grow rapidly as "baby boomers" (those born between 1946 and 1964) begin to reach 65 years of age. Simultaneously, advancements in medical care and improved awareness of healthy lifestyles have led to longer life expectancies. The Census Bureau projects that the population of Americans 65 years of age and older will rise from approximately 40 million in 2010 to 55 million in 2020, a 36 percent increase. Furthermore, older adults are choosing to live independently in the community setting rather than residing in an institutional environment. Furthermore, the types of services needed by this population are shifting due to changes in their health issues. Older adults have historically been viewed as underweight and frail; however, over the past decade there has been an increase in the number of obese older persons. Obesity in older adults is not only associated with medical comorbidities such as diabetes; it is also a major risk factor for functional decline and homebound status. The baby boomers have a greater prevalence of obesity than any of their historic counterparts, and projections forecast an aging population with even greater chronic disease burden and disability. In light of the increasing numbers of older adults choosing to live independently rather than in nursing homes, and the important role nutrition can play in healthy aging, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a public workshop to illuminate issues related to community-based delivery of nutrition services for older adults and to identify nutrition interventions and model programs. Nutrition and Healthy Aging in the Community summarizes the presentations and discussions prepared from the workshop transcript and slides. This report examines nutrition-related issues of concern experienced by older adults in the community including nutrition screening, food insecurity, sarcopenic obesity, dietary patterns for older adults, and economic issues. This report explores transitional care as individuals move from acute, subacute, or chronic care settings to the community, and provides models of transitional care in the community. This report also provides examples of successful intervention models in the community setting, and covers the discussion of research gaps in knowledge about nutrition interventions and services for older adults in the community. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Taylor, Rachel M. %T Elder Abuse and Its Prevention: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-29351-8 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18518/elder-abuse-and-its-prevention-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18518/elder-abuse-and-its-prevention-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 170 %X Elder Abuse and Its Prevention is the summary of a workshop convened in April 2013 by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention. Using an ecological framework, this workshop explored the burden of elder abuse around the world, focusing on its impacts on individuals, families, communities, and societies. Additionally, the workshop addressed occurrences and co-occurrences of different types of abuse, including physical, sexual, emotional, and financial, as well as neglect. The ultimate objective was to illuminate promising global and multisectoral evidence-based approaches to the prevention of elder maltreatment. While the workshop covered scope and prevalence and unique characteristics of abuse, the intention was to move beyond what is known about elder abuse to foster discussions about how to improve prevention, intervention, and mitigation of the victims' needs, particularly through collaborative efforts. The workshop discussions included innovative intervention models and opportunities for prevention across sectors and settings. Violence and related forms of abuse against elders is a global public health and human rights problem with far-reaching consequences, resulting in increased death, disability, and exploitation with collateral effects on well-being. Data suggest that at least 10 percent of elders in the United States are victims of elder maltreatment every year. In low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of violence is the greatest, the figure is likely even higher. In addition, elders experiencing risk factors such as diminishing cognitive function, caregiver dependence, and social isolation are more vulnerable to maltreatment and underreporting. As the world population of adults aged 65 and older continues to grow, the implications of elder maltreatment for health care, social welfare, justice, and financial systems are great. However, despite the magnitude of global elder maltreatment, it has been an underappreciated public health problem. Elder Abuse and Its Prevention discusses the prevalence and characteristics of elder abuse around the world, risk factors for abuse and potential adverse health outcomes, and contextually specific factors, such as culture and the role of the community. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Women in Science and Engineering: Increasing Their Numbers in the 1990s: A Statement on Policy and Strategy %@ 978-0-309-04595-7 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1878/women-in-science-and-engineering-increasing-their-numbers-in-the-1990s %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1878/women-in-science-and-engineering-increasing-their-numbers-in-the-1990s %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Education %P 168 %X From time to time, it is necessary to alert the research and policy communities to opportunities for action in areas of mutual concern. One such area is the participation and utilization of women in science and engineering in the United States. This book explores the underparticipation of women in these fields and presents a strategic plan to bring qualified women into such careers as researchers, teachers, and practitioners of science and engineering. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Assessing the Social and Behavioral Science Base for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Intervention: Workshop Summary %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9207/assessing-the-social-and-behavioral-science-base-for-hivaids-prevention-and-intervention %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9207/assessing-the-social-and-behavioral-science-base-for-hivaids-prevention-and-intervention %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 78 %0 Book %T Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans: Controlling Garbage and Plastic Wastes at Sea %@ 978-0-309-05137-8 %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4769/clean-ships-clean-ports-clean-oceans-controlling-garbage-and-plastic %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4769/clean-ships-clean-ports-clean-oceans-controlling-garbage-and-plastic %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 384 %X Marine debris is a serious environmental problem. To do its part, the United States has agreed to abide by the international treaty for garbage control at sea, known as MARPOL 73/78 Annex V. Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans explores the challenge of translating Annex V into workable laws and regulations for all kinds of ships and boats, from cruise ships to fishing crafts and recreational boats. The volume examines how existing resources can be leveraged into a comprehensive strategy for compliance, including integrated waste management systems and effective enforcement. Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans describes both progress toward and obstacles to Annex V compliance. The book covers: How shipborne garbage orignates and what happens to garbage discharged into the seas. Effects of discharge on human health, wildlife safety, and aesthetics. Differences in perspective among military, industrial, and recreational seafarers and shoreside facilities. Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans will be important to marine policymakers, port administrators, ship operations officers, maritime engineers, and marine ecologists. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Rivard, Jeanne %T Behavioral Economics and the Promotion of Health Among Aging Populations: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25190/behavioral-economics-and-the-promotion-of-health-among-aging-populations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25190/behavioral-economics-and-the-promotion-of-health-among-aging-populations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 12 %X There has been a significant increase in research applying behavioral economics and related behavioral science to health. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop June 4–5, 2018, to discuss behavioral economics research with the goal of extending such research to be of benefit to older and middle-aged adults. The goals of the workshop were (1) to share knowledge about successful applications; (2) to encourage investigations that will deepen understanding of the specific conditions, people, and contexts for which such applications are more and less effective; and (3) to identify the mechanisms underlying the interventions. Specifically, there was a focus on considering interventions that could generate long-term benefits in areas of interest to the National Institute on Aging, such as decreasing sedentary behavior, promoting volunteering and social engagement, improving medical regimen adherence, and reducing inappropriate use of opioids and using opioids when medically necessary. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Lord, Catherine %E McGee, James P. %T Educating Children with Autism %@ 978-0-309-21001-0 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10017/educating-children-with-autism %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10017/educating-children-with-autism %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 323 %X Autism is a word most of us are familiar with. But do we really know what it means? Children with autism are challenged by the most essential human behaviors. They have difficulty interacting with other people—often failing to see people as people rather than simply objects in their environment. They cannot easily communicate ideas and feelings, have great trouble imagining what others think or feel, and in some cases spend their lives speechless. They frequently find it hard to make friends or even bond with family members. Their behavior can seem bizarre. Education is the primary form of treatment for this mysterious condition. This means that we place important responsibilities on schools, teachers and children's parents, as well as the other professionals who work with children with autism. With the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975, we accepted responsibility for educating children who face special challenges like autism. While we have since amassed a substantial body of research, researchers have not adequately communicated with one another, and their findings have not been integrated into a proven curriculum. Educating Children with Autism outlines an interdisciplinary approach to education for children with autism. The committee explores what makes education effective for the child with autism and identifies specific characteristics of programs that work. Recommendations are offered for choosing educational content and strategies, introducing interaction with other children, and other key areas. This book examines some fundamental issues, including: How children's specific diagnoses should affect educational assessment and planning How we can support the families of children with autism Features of effective instructional and comprehensive programs and strategies How we can better prepare teachers, school staffs, professionals, and parents to educate children with autism What policies at the federal, state, and local levels will best ensure appropriate education, examining strategies and resources needed to address the rights of children with autism to appropriate education. Children with autism present educators with one of their most difficult challenges. Through a comprehensive examination of the scientific knowledge underlying educational practices, programs, and strategies, Educating Children with Autism presents valuable information for parents, administrators, advocates, researchers, and policy makers. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Schroeder, Bastian %E Rodegerdts, Lee %E Jenior, Pete %E Myers, Edward %E Cunningham, Christopher %E Salamati, Katy %E Searcy, Sarah %E O’Brien, Sarah %E Barlow, Janet %E Bentzen, Billie Louise %T Guidelines for the Application of Crossing Solutions at Roundabouts and Channelized Turn Lanes for Pedestrians with Vision Disabilities %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24675/guidelines-for-the-application-of-crossing-solutions-at-roundabouts-and-channelized-turn-lanes-for-pedestrians-with-vision-disabilities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24675/guidelines-for-the-application-of-crossing-solutions-at-roundabouts-and-channelized-turn-lanes-for-pedestrians-with-vision-disabilities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 350 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 222: Guidelines for the Application of Crossing Solutions at Roundabouts and Channelized Turn Lanes for Pedestrians with Vision Disabilities provides guidance to engineers and planners on the design of roundabouts and channelized turn lanes for accessibility. NCHRP Web-Only Document 222 is the final report for NCHRP Research Report 834: Crossing Solutions at Roundabouts and Channelized Turn Lanes for Pedestrians with Vision Disabilities: A Guidebook.The accessibility of modern roundabouts and intersections with channelized turn lanes is an important civil rights challenge in the United States that has broad potential implications for engineering practice in this country. This report builds on the results of NCHRP Report 674: Crossing Solutions at Roundabouts and Channelized Turn Lanes for Pedestrians with Vision Disabilities. It provides a framework for empirical study and analysis of accessibility performance, documents field testing of several treatments, and provides a research extension through modeling and simulation to expand the results beyond the field-tested sites. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Koehler, Rebecca %E Wilhelm, Erin E. %E Shoulson, Ira %T Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: Evaluating the Evidence %@ 978-0-309-21818-4 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13220/cognitive-rehabilitation-therapy-for-traumatic-brain-injury-evaluating-the-evidence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13220/cognitive-rehabilitation-therapy-for-traumatic-brain-injury-evaluating-the-evidence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 356 %X Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may affect 10 million people worldwide. It is considered the "signature wound" of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. These injuries result from a bump or blow to the head, or from external forces that cause the brain to move within the head, such as whiplash or exposure to blasts. TBI can cause an array of physical and mental health concerns and is a growing problem, particularly among soldiers and veterans because of repeated exposure to violent environments. One form of treatment for TBI is cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT), a patient-specific, goal-oriented approach to help patients increase their ability to process and interpret information. The Department of Defense asked the IOM to conduct a study to determine the effectiveness of CRT for treatment of TBI. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Snair, Justin %E Hermann, Jack %E Brown, Lisa %E Wollek, Scott %E Balogh, Erin %E Maxfield, Kimberly %T Potential Research Priorities to Inform Public Health and Medical Practice for Domestic Zika Virus: Workshop in Brief %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23404/potential-research-priorities-to-inform-public-health-and-medical-practice-for-domestic-zika-virus %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23404/potential-research-priorities-to-inform-public-health-and-medical-practice-for-domestic-zika-virus %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 8 %X Given the recent rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) throughout the Americas and the presence of its vector mosquito species within parts of the United States, RADM Nicole Lurie, Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, determined an urgent need for additional research to better characterize ZIKV, especially those issues related to the means of transmission and infection during pregnancy. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 1-day public workshop on February 16, 2016, to discuss and explore key factors associated with ZIKV. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Ensuring Quality and Accessible Care for Children with Disabilities and Complex Health and Educational Needs: Workshop in Brief %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23544/ensuring-quality-and-accessible-care-for-children-with-disabilities-and-complex-health-and-educational-needs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23544/ensuring-quality-and-accessible-care-for-children-with-disabilities-and-complex-health-and-educational-needs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 8 %X On December 9-10, 2015, the Forum on Promoting Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health held a 2-day workshop, "Ensuring Quality and Accessible Care for Children with Disabilities and Complex Health and Educational Needs." The goal of the workshop was to explore the needs and challenges faced by individuals and families affected by disabilities and complex conditions, as well as opportunities and innovative approaches for those conditions. Presenters and workshop participants discussed the epidemiology of disabilities, the behavioral health implications of having multiple or chronic medical conditions, early identification and interventions in different population groups, and the role of the media in shaping perceptions and misperceptions of disabilities. A special focus was how best to configure and coordinate systems of care to improve the lives of children with disabilities and complex health and educational needs. This brief summary of the workshop highlights topics raised by presenters and participants. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Alternative Truck and Bus Inspection Strategies %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13939/alternative-truck-and-bus-inspection-strategies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13939/alternative-truck-and-bus-inspection-strategies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 43 %X TRB's Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 10: Alternative Truck and Bus Inspection Strategies explores the characteristics of the various types of alternative commercial truck and bus inspection strategies currently being used by law enforcement agencies. The synthesis examines how vehicles are selected for inspection; how, when, and where vehicles are inspected; and the consequences of violations. The synthesis also provides information on the effectiveness of the inspection strategies, documenting benefits such as reduced costs and improved resource allocation. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards %@ 978-0-309-30512-9 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18802/guide-to-implementing-the-next-generation-science-standards %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18802/guide-to-implementing-the-next-generation-science-standards %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 114 %X A Framework for K-12 Science Education and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) describe a new vision for science learning and teaching that is catalyzing improvements in science classrooms across the United States. Achieving this new vision will require time, resources, and ongoing commitment from state, district, and school leaders, as well as classroom teachers. Successful implementation of the NGSS will ensure that all K-12 students have high-quality opportunities to learn science. Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards provides guidance to district and school leaders and teachers charged with developing a plan and implementing the NGSS as they change their curriculum, instruction, professional learning, policies, and assessment to align with the new standards. For each of these elements, this report lays out recommendations for action around key issues and cautions about potential pitfalls. Coordinating changes in these aspects of the education system is challenging. As a foundation for that process, Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards identifies some overarching principles that should guide the planning and implementation process. The new standards present a vision of science and engineering learning designed to bring these subjects alive for all students, emphasizing the satisfaction of pursuing compelling questions and the joy of discovery and invention. Achieving this vision in all science classrooms will be a major undertaking and will require changes to many aspects of science education. Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards will be a valuable resource for states, districts, and schools charged with planning and implementing changes, to help them achieve the goal of teaching science for the 21st century. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Amankwah, Francis K. %E Haircrow, D. S. Red %E Nass, Sharyl J. %T Suicide Prevention in Indigenous Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-69474-2 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26745/suicide-prevention-in-indigenous-communities-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26745/suicide-prevention-in-indigenous-communities-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 82 %X Indigenous communities experience higher risks for suicide compared to the general U.S. population, with suicide as the second-leading cause of death among Indigenous children and young adults in North America. To reduce this trend, it is essential for prevention and intervention efforts to build on scientific evidence; cultural and local knowledge; and the best community, family, and institutional practices to reduce risk and increase protection. The Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders and the Forum for Children's Well-Being at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a three-part virtual public workshop on April 26, 2022, May 13, 2022, and June 10, 2022, to examine suicide risk and protective factors in Indigenous populations, discuss culturally appropriate and effective suicide prevention policies and programs, explore existing data systems and how data can be used for tracking suicide rates, and consider opportunities for action. This Proceedings highlights presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Assessing NASA's University Leadership Initiative %@ 978-0-309-68563-4 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25996/assessing-nasas-university-leadership-initiative %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25996/assessing-nasas-university-leadership-initiative %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Space and Aeronautics %P 48 %X NASA created the University Leadership Initiative (ULI) to engage creative and innovative minds in the academic arena to identify significant aeronautics and aviation research challenges and define their unique approach to their solution. The ULI was started in 2015 as part of the larger University Innovation Project, with the goal of seeking new, innovative ideas that can support the U.S. aviation community and NASA's long-term aeronautics research goals, as established by its Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate. Assessing NASA's University Leadership Initiative reviews the ULI and makes recommendations to enhance program's impact to benefit students, faculty, industry, and the U.S. public. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Checksfield, Molly %T Challenging Questions about Epidemiology, Care, and Caregiving for People with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and Their Families: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25706/challenging-questions-about-epidemiology-care-and-caregiving-for-people-with-alzheimers-disease-and-related-dementias-and-their-families %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25706/challenging-questions-about-epidemiology-care-and-caregiving-for-people-with-alzheimers-disease-and-related-dementias-and-their-families %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X On October 17, 2019, the Committee on Developing a Behavioral and Social Science Research Agenda on Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias hosted a public workshop in Washington, D.C., as part of the study "Developing a Behavioral and Social Science Research Agenda on Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias." The workshop included six presentations by six authors of papers commissioned by the committee; these presentations were followed by a panel on measuring the effects of caregiving, including discussants who serve on the advisory panel to the committee. This Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief summarizes the key points made by the workshop participants during the presentations and discussions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Shonkoff, Jack P. %E Phillips, Deborah A. %E Keilty, Bonnie %T Early Childhood Intervention: Views from the Field: Report of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-07039-3 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9858/early-childhood-intervention-views-from-the-field-report-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9858/early-childhood-intervention-views-from-the-field-report-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 60 %X On June 24-25, 1999, the Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine convened a workshop for researchers and practitioners to examine the underlying knowledge base that informs current best practices in early childhood services, from the prenatal period to school entry. Early Childhood Intervention discusses the diversity of working assumptions, theories of change, and views about child development and early intervention that currently shape a wide variety of social policies and service delivery systems for young children and their families. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Pray, Leslie A. %T Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity: The Fetal and Early Childhood Years: Workshop in Brief %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21716/examining-a-developmental-approach-to-childhood-obesity-the-fetal-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21716/examining-a-developmental-approach-to-childhood-obesity-the-fetal-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 8 %X On February 26-27, 2015, the Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board and the IOM and the National Research Council Board on Children, Youth, and Families convened a workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the body of evolving science that examines the nexus of biology, interaction between biology and environment, and developmental stage on risk for childhood obesity. This workshop in brief highlights key points made during the workshop presentations and discussion. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Understanding Pathways to Successful Aging: How Social and Behavioral Factors Affect Health at Older Ages: Workshop in Brief %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21815/understanding-pathways-to-successful-aging-how-social-and-behavioral-factors %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21815/understanding-pathways-to-successful-aging-how-social-and-behavioral-factors %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 8 %X Research has identified many behavioral, social, and biological factors that are associated with healthy aging. Less well understood are possible causal relationships between such factors and positive aging outcomes or the mechanisms through which these factors may influence the aging process. Improved understanding of these relationships is needed to support the design of interventions to promote healthy outcomes at midlife and older ages. On June 11-12, 2015, the Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences held a workshop to explore research strategies and ways to build on existing knowledge about influences on aging. During the workshop, presenters reviewed what is known about three exemplar factors that research has demonstrated are associated with healthy aging: optimism, marital satisfaction, and educational attainment; subsequent discussions focused on possible research designs to expand understanding of causal relationships and the mechanisms through which such factors influence aging, including longitudinal studies, molecular and quantitative genetic approaches, and experimental approaches. This report provides a brief summary of the workshop discussions. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Lewin, Marion Ein %E Rice, Barbara %T Balancing the Scales of Opportunity: Ensuring Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Health Professions %@ 978-0-309-05078-4 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4418/balancing-the-scales-of-opportunity-ensuring-racial-and-ethnic-diversity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4418/balancing-the-scales-of-opportunity-ensuring-racial-and-ethnic-diversity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 100 %X The underrepresentation of minorities in health and other professions has long cast a shadow over our nation's efforts to develop a more representative and productive society. Many programs have been developed to enlarge the presence of minorities in health careers, but these efforts have been unable to develop the infrastructure and momentum needed to produce and sustain an adequate number of minority professionals among the ranks of clinicians, researchers, and teachers. This book looks at the historical significance of this underrepresentation, presents data that define the problem, and identifies underlying factors that contribute to the failure to achieve fairness in opportunity. The volume examines programs that have made successful efforts to decrease underrepresentation and sets forth an action and research agenda for further enhancing the numbers of minorities in the health professions.