@BOOK{NAP title = "Conference on Insecticide Resistance and Insect Physiology", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20998/conference-on-insecticide-resistance-and-insect-physiology", year = 1952, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Alison Mack", title = "Global Health Impacts of Vector-Borne Diseases: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-37759-1", abstract = "Pathogens transmitted among humans, animals, or plants by insects and arthropod vectors have been responsible for significant morbidity and mortality throughout recorded history. Such vector-borne diseases \u2013 including malaria, dengue, yellow fever, and plague \u2013 together accounted for more human disease and death in the 17th through early 20th centuries than all other causes combined. Over the past three decades, previously controlled vector-borne diseases have resurged or reemerged in new geographic locations, and several newly identified pathogens and vectors have triggered disease outbreaks in plants and animals, including humans. \n\nDomestic and international capabilities to detect, identify, and effectively respond to vector-borne diseases are limited. Few vaccines have been developed against vector-borne pathogens. At the same time, drug resistance has developed in vector-borne pathogens while their vectors are increasingly resistant to insecticide controls. Furthermore, the ranks of scientists trained to conduct research in key fields including medical entomology, vector ecology, and tropical medicine have dwindled, threatening prospects for addressing vector-borne diseases now and in the future. \n\nIn June 2007, as these circumstances became alarmingly apparent, the Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a workshop to explore the dynamic relationships among host, pathogen(s), vector(s), and ecosystems that characterize vector-borne diseases. Revisiting this topic in September 2014, the Forum organized a workshop to examine trends and patterns in the incidence and prevalence of vector-borne diseases in an increasingly interconnected and ecologically disturbed world, as well as recent developments to meet these dynamic threats. Participants examined the emergence and global movement of vector-borne diseases, research priorities for understanding their biology and ecology, and global preparedness for and progress toward their prevention, control, and mitigation. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21792/global-health-impacts-of-vector-borne-diseases-workshop-summary", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management", isbn = "978-0-309-03627-6", abstract = "Based on a symposium sponsored by the Board on Agriculture, this comprehensive book explores the problem of pesticide resistance; suggests new approaches to monitor, control, or prevent resistance; and identifies the changes in public policy necessary to protect crops and human health from the ravages of pests. The volume synthesizes the most recent information from a wide range of disciplines, including entomology, genetics, plant pathology, biochemistry, economics, and public policy. It also suggests research avenues that would indicate how to counter future problems. A glossary provides the reader with additional guidance.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/619/pesticide-resistance-strategies-and-tactics-for-management", year = 1986, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Stacey L. Knobler and Stanley M. Lemon and Marian Najafi and Tom Burroughs", title = "The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors: Implications for Human Health and Strategies for Containment: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-08854-1", abstract = "The resistance topic is timely given current events. The emergence of mysterious new diseases, such as SARS, and the looming threat of bioterrorist attacks remind us of how vulnerable we can be to infectious agents. With advances in medical technologies, we have tamed many former microbial foes, yet with few new antimicrobial agents and vaccines in the pipeline, and rapidly increasing drug resistance among infectious microbes, we teeter on the brink of loosing the upperhand in our ongoing struggle against these foes, old and new. The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors examines our understanding of the relationships among microbes, disease vectors, and human hosts, and explores possible new strategies for meeting the challenge of resistance. \n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10651/the-resistance-phenomenon-in-microbes-and-infectious-disease-vectors-implications", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Stanley M. Lemon and P. Frederick Sparling and Margaret A. Hamburg and David A. Relman and Eileen R. Choffnes and Alison Mack", title = "Vector-Borne Diseases: Understanding the Environmental, Human Health, and Ecological Connections: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-10897-3", abstract = "Vector-borne infectious diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and plague, cause a significant fraction of the global infectious disease burden; indeed, nearly half of the world's population is infected with at least one type of vector-borne pathogen (CIESIN, 2007; WHO, 2004a). Vector-borne plant and animal diseases, including several newly recognized pathogens, reduce agricultural productivity and disrupt ecosystems throughout the world. These diseases profoundly restrict socioeconomic status and development in countries with the highest rates of infection, many of which are located in the tropics and subtropics.\n\nAlthough this workshop summary provides an account of the individual presentations, it also reflects an important aspect of the Forum philosophy. The workshop functions as a dialogue among representatives from different sectors and allows them to present their beliefs about which areas may merit further attention. These proceedings summarize only the statements of participants in the workshop and are not intended to be an exhaustive exploration of the subject matter or a representation of consensus evaluation. Vector-Borne Diseases : Understanding the Environmental, Human Health, and Ecological Connections, Workshop Summary (Forum on Microbial Threats) summarizes this workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11950/vector-borne-diseases-understanding-the-environmental-human-health-and-ecological", year = 2008, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Pest Control and Wildlife Relationships", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18656/pest-control-and-wildlife-relationships", year = 1961, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering", title = "Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2019 Symposium", isbn = "978-0-309-49981-1", abstract = "This volume of Frontiers of Engineering presents papers on the topics covered at the National Academy of Engineering\u2019s 2019 US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium, hosted by Boeing in North Charleston, South Carolina, September 25-27. At the annual 2 1\/2-day event, 100 of this country's best and brightest early-career engineers - from academia, industry, and government and a variety of engineering disciplines - learn from their peers about pioneering work in different areas of engineering. Frontiers of Engineering conveys the excitement of this unique meeting and highlights innovative developments in engineering research and technical work.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25620/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Vaccines Against Malaria", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9027/vaccines-against-malaria", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture", isbn = "978-0-309-06526-9", abstract = "Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems.\nThe Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including:\n\n Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves.\n Problems in pesticide use\u2014concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more.\n Impending shifts in agriculture\u2014globalization of the economy, biological \"invasions\" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends.\n\nWith a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9598/the-future-role-of-pesticides-in-us-agriculture", year = 2000, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Stanley C. Oaks, Jr. and Violaine S. Mitchell and Greg W. Pearson and Charles C.J. Carpenter", title = "Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities", isbn = "978-0-309-04527-8", abstract = "Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death.\nThis book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities.\nThe volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the:\n\n Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria.\n Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector.\n Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments.\n Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1812/malaria-obstacles-and-opportunities", year = 1991, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values", isbn = "978-0-309-43787-5", abstract = "Research on gene drive systems is rapidly advancing. Many proposed applications of gene drive research aim to solve environmental and public health challenges, including the reduction of poverty and the burden of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue, which disproportionately impact low and middle income countries. However, due to their intrinsic qualities of rapid spread and irreversibility, gene drive systems raise many questions with respect to their safety relative to public and environmental health. Because gene drive systems are designed to alter the environments we share in ways that will be hard to anticipate and impossible to completely roll back, questions about the ethics surrounding use of this research are complex and will require very careful exploration.\nGene Drives on the Horizon outlines the state of knowledge relative to the science, ethics, public engagement, and risk assessment as they pertain to research directions of gene drive systems and governance of the research process. This report offers principles for responsible practices of gene drive research and related applications for use by investigators, their institutions, the research funders, and regulators.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23405/gene-drives-on-the-horizon-advancing-science-navigating-uncertainty-and", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Strategic Planning for the Florida Citrus Industry: Addressing Citrus Greening Disease", isbn = "978-0-309-15207-5", abstract = "Citrus greening, a disease that reduces yield, compromises the flavor, color, and size of citrus fruit and eventually kills the citrus tree, is now present in all 34 Floridian citrus-producing counties. Caused by an insect-spread bacterial infection, the disease reduced citrus production in 2008 by several percent and continues to spread, threatening the existence of Florida's $9.3 billion citrus industry. \n\nA successful citrus greening response will focus on earlier detection of diseased trees, so that these sources of new infections can be removed more quickly, and on new methods to control the insects that carry the bacteria. In the longerterm, technologies such as genomics could be used to develop new citrus strains that are resistant to both the bacteria and the insect.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12880/strategic-planning-for-the-florida-citrus-industry-addressing-citrus-greening", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "A Review of the Citrus Greening Research and Development Efforts Supported by the Citrus Research and Development Foundation: Fighting a Ravaging Disease", isbn = "978-0-309-47214-2", abstract = "Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening, first observed more than a hundred years ago in Asia, is the most serious disease threat to the citrus-growing industry worldwide due to its complexity, destructiveness, and incalcitrance to management. First detected in Florida in 2005, HLB is now widespread in the state and threatens the survival of the Florida citrus industry despite substantial allocation of research funds by Florida citrus growers and federal and state agencies.\n\nAs the HLB epidemic raged in 2008, Florida citrus growers began allocating funds for HLB research in hopes of finding short-, medium-, and long-term solutions. This effort created the Citrus Research and Development Foundation (CRDF), an organization with oversight responsibility for HLB research and development efforts in Florida. This report provides an independent review of the portfolio of research projects that have been or continue to be supported by the CRDF. It seeks to identify ways to retool HLB research\u2014which, despite significantly increasing understanding of the factors involved in HLB, has produced no major breakthroughs in controlling the disease\u2014and accelerate the development of durable tools and strategies that could help abate the damage caused by HLB and prevent the possible collapse of the Florida citrus industry.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25026/a-review-of-the-citrus-greening-research-and-development-efforts-supported-by-the-citrus-research-and-development-foundation", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Insect-Pest Management and Control", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18674/insect-pest-management-and-control", year = 1969, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States", isbn = "978-0-309-14708-8", abstract = "Since genetically engineered (GE) crops were introduced in 1996, their use in the United States has grown rapidly, accounting for 80-90 percent of soybean, corn, and cotton acreage in 2009. To date, crops with traits that provide resistance to some herbicides and to specific insect pests have benefited adopting farmers by reducing crop losses to insect damage, by increasing flexibility in time management, and by facilitating the use of more environmentally friendly pesticides and tillage practices. However, excessive reliance on a single technology combined with a lack of diverse farming practices could undermine the economic and environmental gains from these GE crops. Other challenges could hinder the application of the technology to a broader spectrum of crops and uses.\n\nSeveral reports from the National Research Council have addressed the effects of GE crops on the environment and on human health. However, The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States is the first comprehensive assessment of the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the GE-crop revolution on U.S. farms. It addresses how GE crops have affected U.S. farmers, both adopters and nonadopters of the technology, their incomes, agronomic practices, production decisions, environmental resources, and personal well-being. The book offers several new findings and four recommendations that could be useful to farmers, industry, science organizations, policy makers, and others in government agencies.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12804/the-impact-of-genetically-engineered-crops-on-farm-sustainability-in-the-united-states", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Opportunities in Biology", isbn = "978-0-309-07881-8", abstract = "Biology has entered an era in which interdisciplinary cooperation is at an all-time high, practical applications follow basic discoveries more quickly than ever before, and new technologies\u2014recombinant DNA, scanning tunneling microscopes, and more\u2014are revolutionizing the way science is conducted. The potential for scientific breakthroughs with significant implications for society has never been greater.\nOpportunities in Biology reports on the state of the new biology, taking a detailed look at the disciplines of biology; examining the advances made in medicine, agriculture, and other fields; and pointing out promising research opportunities. Authored by an expert panel representing a variety of viewpoints, this volume also offers recommendations on how to meet the infrastructure needs\u2014for funding, effective information systems, and other support\u2014of future biology research.\nExploring what has been accomplished and what is on the horizon, Opportunities in Biology is an indispensable resource for students, teachers, and researchers in all subdisciplines of biology as well as for research administrators and those in funding agencies.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/742/opportunities-in-biology", year = 1989, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Kenneth J. Arrow and Claire B. Panosian and Hellen Gelband", title = "Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance", isbn = "978-0-309-09218-0", abstract = "For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions\nof lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these\ndrugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists\nthroughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africa\u2014currently just\nover one million per year\u2014are rising because of increased resistance to the\nold, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called \u201cartemisinins\u201d\nare available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population,\neven at a cost of one dollar per course.\n\nSaving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of\nResistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview\nof the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing\naccess to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people\nin endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination\ntreatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify. \n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11017/saving-lives-buying-time-economics-of-malaria-drugs-in-an", year = 2004, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants: The Scope and Adequacy of Regulation", isbn = "978-0-309-08263-1", abstract = "Transgenic crops offer the promise of increased agricultural productivity and better quality foods. But they also raise the specter of harmful environmental effects. In this new book, a panel of experts examines: \n\u2022 Similarities and differences between crops developed by conventional and transgenic methods \n\u2022 Potential for commercialized transgenic crops to change both agricultural and nonagricultural landscapes \n\u2022 How well the U.S. government is regulating transgenic crops to avoid any negative effects. \nEnvironmental Effects of Transgenic Plants provides a wealth of information about transgenic processes, previous experience with the introduction of novel crops, principles of risk assessment and management, the science behind current regulatory schemes, issues in monitoring transgenic products already on the market, and more. The book discusses public involvement\u2014and public confidence\u2014in biotechnology regulation. And it looks to the future, exploring the potential of genetic engineering and the prospects for environmental effects. \n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10258/environmental-effects-of-transgenic-plants-the-scope-and-adequacy-of", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Sciences and Institute of Medicine", title = "Science, Evolution, and Creationism", isbn = "978-0-309-10586-6", abstract = "How did life evolve on Earth? The answer to this question can help us understand our past and prepare for our future. Although evolution provides credible and reliable answers, polls show that many people turn away from science, seeking other explanations with which they are more comfortable.\nIn the book Science, Evolution, and Creationism, a group of experts assembled by the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine explain the fundamental methods of science, document the overwhelming evidence in support of biological evolution, and evaluate the alternative perspectives offered by advocates of various kinds of creationism, including \"intelligent design.\" The book explores the many fascinating inquiries being pursued that put the science of evolution to work in preventing and treating human disease, developing new agricultural products, and fostering industrial innovations. The book also presents the scientific and legal reasons for not teaching creationist ideas in public school science classes.\nMindful of school board battles and recent court decisions, Science, Evolution, and Creationism shows that science and religion should be viewed as different ways of understanding the world rather than as frameworks that are in conflict with each other and that the evidence for evolution can be fully compatible with religious faith. For educators, students, teachers, community leaders, legislators, policy makers, and parents who seek to understand the basis of evolutionary science, this publication will be an essential resource.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11876/science-evolution-and-creationism", year = 2008, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Derek Vollmer", title = "Enhancing the Effectiveness of Sustainability Partnerships: Summary of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-12993-0", abstract = "Sustainable development--meeting human needs while nurturing and restoring the planet's life support systems--requires a continuous process of scientific innovation, new knowledge and learning, and collaborative approaches to implementing technologies and policies. To address these challenges, different stakeholder groups are increasingly seeking to ally themselves through partnership, in order to implement projects, deliver services, establish secure funding mechanisms, and achieve on the ground results. Advocates of this collaborative approach point to the failure of governmental regulations, international commitments, or business as usual. However, skeptics often question the effectiveness of partnerships at achieving sustainable development goals and, in the absence of demonstrated results, wonder where partnerships are adding value. \nA symposium held in June 2008 and summarized in this volume, attempted to advance the dialogue on partnerships for sustainability in order to catalyze existing knowledge and inform future efforts. Ideas that came out of discussions at the symposium will help leaders in government, the private sector, foundations and NGOs, and universities, both in the United States and internationally, as they develop and participate in new partnerships for sustainability. \n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12541/enhancing-the-effectiveness-of-sustainability-partnerships-summary-of-a-workshop", year = 2009, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }