@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Reducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia: Saving Lives, Saving the Future", isbn = "978-0-309-29076-0", abstract = "The Republic of Indonesia, home to over 240 million people, is the world's fourth most populous nation. Ethnically, culturally, and economically diverse, the Indonesian people are broadly dispersed across an archipelago of more than 13,000 islands. Rapid urbanization has given rise to one megacity (Jakarta) and to 10 other major metropolitan areas. And yet about half of Indonesians make their homes in rural areas of the country. Indonesia, a signatory to the United Nations Millennium Declaration, has committed to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, recent estimates suggest that Indonesia will not achieve by the target date of 2015 MDG 4 - reduction by two-thirds of the 1990 under - 5 infant mortality rate (number of children under age 5 who die per 1,000 live births) - and MDG 5 - reduction by three-quarters of the 1990 maternal mortality ratio (number of maternal deaths within 28 days of childbirth in a given year per 100,000 live births). Although much has been achieved, complex and indeed difficult challenges will have to be overcome before maternal and infant mortality are brought into the MDG-prescribed range.\nReducing Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Indonesia is a joint study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Indonesian Academy of Sciences that evaluates the quality and consistency of the existing data on maternal and neonatal mortality; devises a strategy to achieve the Millennium Development Goals related to maternal mortality, fetal mortality (stillbirths), and neonatal mortality; and identifies the highest priority interventions and proposes steps toward development of an effective implementation plan. According to the UN Human Development Index (HDI), in 2012 Indonesia ranked 121st out of 185 countries in human development. However, over the last 20 years the rate of improvement in Indonesia's HDI ranking has exceeded the world average. This progress may be attributable in part to the fact that Indonesia has put considerable effort into meeting the MDGs. This report is intended to be a contribution toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18437/reducing-maternal-and-neonatal-mortality-in-indonesia-saving-lives-saving", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "For the Public's Health: The Role of Measurement in Action and Accountability", isbn = "978-0-309-16127-5", abstract = "Despite having the costliest medical care delivery system in the world, Americans are not particularly healthy. Recent international comparisons show that life expectancy in the U.S. ranks 49th among all nations, and infant mortality rates are higher in the U.S. than in many far less affluent nations. While these statistics are alarming, the bigger problem is that we do not know how to reverse this trend. Our lack of knowledge is due in large part to significant inadequacies in the health system for gathering, analyzing, and communicating health information about the population. \nTo inform the public health community and all other sectors that contribute to population health, For the Public's Health: The Role of Measurement in Action and Accountability reviews current approaches for measuring the health of individuals and communities and creates a roadmap for future development. This book, the first of three in a series, focuses on data and measurement-not as ends in themselves, but rather tools to inform the myriad programs, policies, and processes developed or undertaken by governmental public health agencies and their many partners in the health system. \nFor the Public's Health seeks to reinstate the proper and evidence-based understanding of health as not merely the result of medical or clinical care but the result of the sum of what we do as a society to create the conditions in which people can be healthy. To achieve this goal, the book suggests changes in the processes, tools, and approaches used to gather information about health outcomes and their determinants. The book also recommends developing an integrated and coordinated system in which all parties-including governmental and private sector partners at all levels-have access to timely and meaningful data to help foster individual and community awareness and action.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13005/for-the-publics-health-the-role-of-measurement-in-action", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council and Institute of Medicine", title = "Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health", isbn = "978-0-309-09118-3", abstract = "Children's health has clearly improved over the past several decades. Significant and positive gains have been made in lowering rates of infant mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and accidental causes, improved access to health care, and reduction in the effects of environmental contaminants such as lead. Yet major questions still remain about how to assess the status of children's health, what factors should be monitored, and the appropriate measurement tools that should be used.\nChildren's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health provides a detailed examination of the information about children's health that is needed to help policy makers and program providers at the federal, state, and local levels. In order to improve children's health -- and, thus, the health of future generations -- it is critical to have data that can be used to assess both current conditions and possible future threats to children's health. This compelling book describes what is known about the health of children and what is needed to expand the knowledge. By strategically improving the health of children, we ensure healthier future generations to come.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10886/childrens-health-the-nations-wealth-assessing-and-improving-child-health", year = 2004, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Eileen M. Crimmins and Samuel H. Preston and Barney Cohen", title = "International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages: Dimensions and Sources", isbn = "978-0-309-15733-9", abstract = "In 1950 men and women in the United States had a combined life expectancy of 68.9 years, the 12th highest life expectancy at birth in the world. Today, life expectancy is up to 79.2 years, yet the country is now 28th on the list, behind the United Kingdom, Korea, Canada, and France, among others. The United States does have higher rates of infant mortality and violent deaths than in other developed countries, but these factors do not fully account for the country's relatively poor ranking in life expectancy. \nInternational Differences in Mortality at Older Ages: Dimensions and Sources examines patterns in international differences in life expectancy above age 50 and assesses the evidence and arguments that have been advanced to explain the poor position of the United States relative to other countries. The papers in this deeply researched volume identify gaps in measurement, data, theory, and research design and pinpoint areas for future high-priority research in this area. \nIn addition to examining the differences in mortality around the world, the papers in International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages look at health factors and life-style choices commonly believed to contribute to the observed international differences in life expectancy. They also identify strategic opportunities for health-related interventions. This book offers a wide variety of disciplinary and scholarly perspectives to the study of mortality, and it offers in-depth analyses that can serve health professionals, policy makers, statisticians, and researchers. \n \n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12945/international-differences-in-mortality-at-older-ages-dimensions-and-sources", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Pierre L. Yong and Robert S. Saunders and LeighAnne Olsen", title = "The Healthcare Imperative: Lowering Costs and Improving Outcomes: Workshop Series Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-14433-9", abstract = "The United States has the highest per capita spending on health care of any industrialized nation but continually lags behind other nations in health care outcomes including life expectancy and infant mortality. National health expenditures are projected to exceed $2.5 trillion in 2009. Given healthcare's direct impact on the economy, there is a critical need to control health care spending. \n\nAccording to The Health Imperative: Lowering Costs and Improving Outcomes, the costs of health care have strained the federal budget, and negatively affected state governments, the private sector and individuals. Healthcare expenditures have restricted the ability of state and local governments to fund other priorities and have contributed to slowing growth in wages and jobs in the private sector. Moreover, the number of uninsured has risen from 45.7 million in 2007 to 46.3 million in 2008. \n\nThe Health Imperative: Lowering Costs and Improving Outcomes identifies a number of factors driving expenditure growth including scientific uncertainty, perverse economic and practice incentives, system fragmentation, lack of patient involvement, and under-investment in population health. Experts discussed key levers for catalyzing transformation of the delivery system. A few included streamlined health insurance regulation, administrative simplification and clarification and quality and consistency in treatment. \n\nThe book is an excellent guide for policymakers at all levels of government, as well as private sector healthcare workers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12750/the-healthcare-imperative-lowering-costs-and-improving-outcomes-workshop-series", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Jeffrey P. Koplan and Catharyn T. Liverman and Vivica A. Kraak", title = "Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance", isbn = "978-0-309-09196-1", abstract = "Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early\nchildhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we\nbegin the 21st-century with a shocking development\u2014an epidemic of obesity\nin children and youth. The increased number of obese children\nthroughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank\nit as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century.\nPreventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the\nnature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth,\nincluding the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible\nfor its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented\naction plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and\nlonger-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and\nresponsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to\nreduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the\nunderlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to\ninitiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can\nreverse the trend among our children and youth.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11015/preventing-childhood-obesity-health-in-the-balance", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Selected analyses of infant and perinatal mortality: a proposal", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26987/selected-analyses-of-infant-and-perinatal-mortality-a-proposal", year = 1970, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Maternal Nutrition and Child Health: An Interpretative Review", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18777/maternal-nutrition-and-child-health-an-interpretative-review", year = 1950, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Mark R. Montgomery and Barney Cohen", title = "From Death to Birth: Mortality Decline and Reproductive Change", isbn = "978-0-309-05896-4", abstract = "The last 35 years or so have witnessed a dramatic shift in the demography of many developing countries. Before 1960, there were substantial improvements in life expectancy, but fertility declines were very rare. Few people used modern contraceptives, and couples had large families. Since 1960, however, fertility rates have fallen in virtually every major geographic region of the world, for almost all political, social, and economic groups. What factors are responsible for the sharp decline in fertility? What role do child survival programs or family programs play in fertility declines? Casual observation suggests that a decline in infant and child mortality is the most important cause, but there is surprisingly little hard evidence for this conclusion. The papers in this volume explore the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of the fertility-mortality relationship. It includes several detailed case studies based on contemporary data from developing countries and on historical data from Europe and the United States.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5842/from-death-to-birth-mortality-decline-and-reproductive-change", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Trends in Fertility and Mortality in Turkey, 1935-1975", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19532/trends-in-fertility-and-mortality-in-turkey-1935-1975", year = 1982, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Douglas C. Ewbank and James N. Gribble", title = "Effects of Health Programs on Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa", isbn = "978-0-309-04941-2", abstract = "This book examines the effects of health interventions on infant and child mortality. Discussions of levels and trends of infant and child mortality and causes of death provide the background for an analysis of treatment and prevention strategies.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2208/effects-of-health-programs-on-child-mortality-in-sub-saharan-africa", year = 1993, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Michael Millman, Ph.D.", title = "Access to Health Care in America", isbn = "978-0-309-04742-5", abstract = "Americans are accustomed to anecdotal evidence of the health care crisis. Yet, personal or local stories do not provide a comprehensive nationwide picture of our access to health care. Now, this book offers the long-awaited health equivalent of national economic indicators.\nThis useful volume defines a set of national objectives and identifies indicators\u2014measures of utilization and outcome\u2014that can \"sense\" when and where problems occur in accessing specific health care services. Using the indicators, the committee presents significant conclusions about the situation today, examining the relationships between access to care and factors such as income, race, ethnic origin, and location.\nThe committee offers recommendations to federal, state, and local agencies for improving data collection and monitoring.\nThis highly readable and well-organized volume will be essential for policymakers, public health officials, insurance companies, hospitals, physicians and nurses, and interested individuals.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2009/access-to-health-care-in-america", year = 1993, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Preventing Low Birthweight", isbn = "978-0-309-03530-9", abstract = "Despite recent declines in infant mortality, the rates of low birthweight deliveries in the United States continue to be high. Part I of this volume defines the significance of the problems, presents current data on risk factors and etiology, and reviews recent state and national trends in the incidence of low birthweight among various groups. Part II describes the preventive approaches found most desirable and considers their costs. Research needs are discussed throughout the volume.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/511/preventing-low-birthweight", year = 1985, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Nutrition During Lactation", isbn = "978-0-309-04391-5", abstract = "On the basis of a comprehensive literature review and analysis, Nutrition During Lactation points out specific directions for needed research in understanding the relationship between the nutrition of healthy mothers and the outcomes of lactation. Of widest interest are the committee's clear-cut recommendations for mothers and health care providers.\nThe volume presents data on who among U.S. mothers is breastfeeding, a critical evaluation of methods for assessing the nutritional status of lactating women, and an analysis of how to relate the mother's nutrition to the volume and composition of the milk.\nAvailable data on the links between a mother's nutrition and the nutrition and growth of her infant and current information on the risk of transmission through breastfeeding of allergic diseases, environmental toxins, and certain viruses (including the HIV virus) are included. Nutrition During Lactation also studies the effects of maternal cigarette smoking, drug use, and alcohol consumption.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1577/nutrition-during-lactation", year = 1991, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Research Council", editor = "Amanda Pascavis", title = "Scaling Program Investments for Young Children Globally: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean: Workshop in Brief", abstract = "On November 11, 2014, the Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally of the Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, in partnership with Fundacao Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal in Sao Paulo, Brazil, held a 1-day workshop. The purpose of this interactive public workshop was to highlight efforts made to scale program investments across health, education, nutrition, and social protection that aim to improve children's developmental potential. Invited speakers and public participants explored four topics on scaling up program investments: evidence of impact for effective investments in young children; scalability of investments; sustainability of investments; and governance. This brief summary of the workshop highlights the topics raised by panelists, moderators, and public participants, while also including possible directions for further discussion.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21748/scaling-program-investments-for-young-children-globally-evidence-from-latin", year = 2015, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Judith R. Bale and Barbara J. Stoll and Adetokunbo O. Lucas", title = "Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World", isbn = "978-0-309-08608-0", abstract = "Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights\nthe unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in\ndeveloping countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences\nof others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive\nhealth care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of\nbirth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited\nknowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the\naffordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions.\nReducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes\ndescriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical\ngaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing\ncountries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional\nand global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in\ndeveloping countries.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10839/reducing-birth-defects-meeting-the-challenge-in-the-developing-world", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Karen M. Anderson", title = "State and Local Policy Initiatives to Reduce Health Disparities: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-18745-9", abstract = "Although efforts to reduce health disparities receive attention at the national level, information on the successes of state and local efforts are often not heard. On May 11, 2009, the Institute of Medicine held a public workshop to discuss the role of state and local policy initiatives to reduce health disparities. The workshop brought together stakeholders to learn more about what works in reducing health disparities and ways to focus on localized efforts when working to reduce health disparities.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13103/state-and-local-policy-initiatives-to-reduce-health-disparities-workshop", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility: Health Issues for Women and Children", isbn = "978-0-309-04096-9", abstract = "These four papers supplement the book Contraception and Reproduction: Health Consequences for Women and Children in the Developing World by bringing together data and analyses that would otherwise be difficult to obtain in a single source. The topics addressed are an analysis of the relationship between maternal mortality and changing reproductive patterns; the risks and benefits of contraception; the effects of changing reproductive patterns on infant health; and the psychosocial consequences to women of controlled fertility and contraceptive use.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1422/contraceptive-use-and-controlled-fertility-health-issues-for-women-and", year = 1989, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "The Impact of War on Child Health in the Countries of the Former Yugoslavia", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9290/the-impact-of-war-on-child-health-in-the-countries-of-the-former-yugoslavia", year = 1995, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Contraception and Reproduction: Health Consequences for Women and Children in the Developing World", isbn = "978-0-309-04094-5", abstract = "This book examines how changes in reproductive patterns (such as the number and timing of births and spacing between births) have affected the health of women and children in the developing world. It reviews the relationships between contraceptive use, reproductive patterns, and health; the effects of differences and changes in reproductive patterns; as well as the role of family planning in women's fertility and health.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1421/contraception-and-reproduction-health-consequences-for-women-and-children-in", year = 1989, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }