TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Theresa Wizemann A2 - Diana E. Pankevich A2 - Bruce M. Altevogt TI - Future Opportunities to Leverage the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/13017 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13017/future-opportunities-to-leverage-the-alzheimers-disease-neuroimaging-initiative-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Nearly 5.3 million Americans are living with Alzheimer's disease, and 26.6 million people are affected worldwide. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), a public-private partnership, provides a publicly available, international database of clinical and imaging data to foster research and collaboration on Alzheimer's research worldwide. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop on July 12, 2010, to explore opportunities to use information from and partnerships formed because of ADNI to continue to improve the understanding and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Seeing the Future with Imaging Science: Interdisciplinary Research Team Summaries SN - DO - 10.17226/13110 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13110/seeing-the-future-with-imaging-science-interdisciplinary-research-team-summaries PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Biology and Life Sciences AB - Imaging science has the power to illuminate regions as remote as distant galaxies, and as close to home as our own bodies. Many of the disciplines that can benefit from imaging share common technical problems, yet researchers often develop ad hoc methods for solving individual tasks without building broader frameworks that could address many scientific problems. At the 2010 National Academies Keck Futures Initiative Conference on Imaging Science, researchers from academia, industry, and government formed 14 interdisciplinary teams created to find a common language and structure for developing new technologies, processing and recovering images, mining imaging data, and visualizing it effectively. The teams spent nine hours over two days exploring diverse challenges at the interface of science, engineering, and medicine. NAKFI Seeing the Future with Imaging Science contains the summaries written by each team. These summaries describe the problem and outline the approach taken, including what research needs to be done to understand the fundamental science behind the challenge, the proposed plan for engineering the application, the reasoning that went into it, and the benefits to society of the problem solution. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Robert J. Connor A2 - Curtis J. Schroeder A2 - Bridget M. Crowley A2 - Glenn A. Washer A2 - Philip E. Fish TI - Acceptance Criteria of Complete Joint Penetration Steel Bridge Welds Evaluated Using Enhanced Ultrasonic Methods DO - 10.17226/25494 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25494/acceptance-criteria-of-complete-joint-penetration-steel-bridge-welds-evaluated-using-enhanced-ultrasonic-methods PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 908: Acceptance Criteria of Complete Joint Penetration Steel Bridge Welds Evaluated Using Enhanced Ultrasonic Methods presents guidelines for evaluating complete joint penetration (CJP) welds in steel bridges and proposes modifications to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)/American Welding Society (AWS) D1.5.Inspection of welds in steel bridges is necessary to ensure the quality of workmanship during the fabrication and construction process and later on when the bridge is in service. There are two non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods for evaluation of complete joint penetration (CJP) welds in steel bridges: radiographic (RT) and ultrasonic (UT). Recent advances in enhanced ultrasonic methods, including the development of phased-array ultrasonic technology (PAUT), allow for efficient detection and characterization of flaws with the option of automated data collection and imaging.Criteria for categorizing weld discontinuities as acceptable or unacceptable are codified in the AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5: Bridge Welding Code (BWC). However, these acceptance criteria do not reflect the full use of the capability of enhanced ultrasonic testing methods, and furthermore are not based on the effect of weld discontinuities on bridge performance (e.g., resistance to fatigue and fracture). In addition, some weld discontinuities that are not allowed according to BWC are potentially not harmful and may not decrease service life.An updated acceptance criteria based on enhanced ultrasonic testing methods for evaluation of CJP welds in steel bridges was needed for fabricators and bridge owners. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Landsat and Beyond: Sustaining and Enhancing the Nation's Land Imaging Program SN - DO - 10.17226/18420 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18420/landsat-and-beyond-sustaining-and-enhancing-the-nations-land-imaging PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - In 1972 NASA launched the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ETRS), now known as Landsat 1, and on February 11, 2013 launched Landsat 8. Currently the United States has collected 40 continuous years of satellite records of land remote sensing data from satellites similar to these. Even though this data is valuable to improving many different aspects of the country such as agriculture, homeland security, and disaster mitigation; the availability of this data for planning our nation's future is at risk. Thus, the Department of the Interior's (DOI's) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) requested that the National Research Council's (NRC's) Committee on Implementation of a Sustained Land Imaging Program review the needs and opportunities necessary for the development of a national space-based operational land imaging capability. The committee was specifically tasked with several objectives including identifying stakeholders and their data needs and providing recommendations to facilitate the transition from NASA's research-based series of satellites to a sustained USGS land imaging program. Landsat and Beyond: Sustaining and Enhancing the Nation's Land Imaging Program is the result of the committee's investigation. This investigation included meetings with stakeholders such as the DOI, NASA, NOAA, and commercial data providers. The report includes the committee's recommendations, information about different aspects of the program, and a section dedicated to future opportunities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Sarah Carter A2 - Eva Childers A2 - Sheena M. Posey Norris TI - Multimodal Biomarkers for Central Nervous System Disorders: Development, Validation, and Clinical Integration: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/27208 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27208/multimodal-biomarkers-for-central-nervous-system-disorders-development-validation-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - A key step towards reducing the burden of central nervous system (CNS) disorders is the identification of disease-specific biomarkers that can help predict, monitor, and guide treatment development. Recent technological advances have led to an increased number of biomarkers for different CNS disorders, providing the opportunity to generate multimodal biomarkers. While multimodal biomarkers can serve as promising tools to better diagnose and make accurate disease assessments, there remain challenges in current data collection, standardization, and validation practices that impede in their development. Recognizing the need for increased CNS biomarker integration, the National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a public workshop in March 2023 to explore steps toward this goal, including data collection for biomarker discovery, development, validation, and assessment of clinical utility. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the discussions held during the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Leslie Pray TI - Relationships Among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior: Workshop in Brief DO - 10.17226/21683 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21683/relationships-among-the-brain-the-digestive-system-and-eating-behavior PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Food and Nutrition AB - On July 9-10, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Food Forum hosted a public workshop to explore emerging and rapidly developing research on relationships between the brain, digestive system, and eating behavior. This workshop in brief summarizes highlights of the presentations and discussion at the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Refining the Concept of Scientific Inference When Working with Big Data: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/23616 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23616/refining-the-concept-of-scientific-inference-when-working-with-big-data PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - Big Data – broadly considered as datasets whose size, complexity, and heterogeneity preclude conventional approaches to storage and analysis – continues to generate interest across many scientific domains in both the public and private sectors. However, analyses of large heterogeneous datasets can suffer from unidentified bias, misleading correlations, and increased risk of false positives. In order for the proliferation of data to produce new scientific discoveries, it is essential that the statistical models used for analysis support reliable, reproducible inference. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to discuss how scientific inference should be applied when working with large, complex datasets. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Lisa Bain A2 - Amanda Wagner Gee A2 - Clare Stroud TI - Neuroscience Data in the Cloud: Opportunities and Challenges: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25653 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25653/neuroscience-data-in-the-cloud-opportunities-and-challenges-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The cloud model of data sharing has led to a vast increase in the quantity and complexity of data and expanded access to these data, which has attracted many more researchers, enabled multi-national neuroscience collaborations, and facilitated the development of many new tools. Yet, the cloud model has also produced new challenges related to data storage, organization, and protection. Merely switching the technical infrastructure from local repositories to cloud repositories is not enough to optimize data use. To explore the burgeoning use of cloud computing in neuroscience, the National Academies Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a workshop on September 24, 2019. A broad range of stakeholders involved in cloud-based neuroscience initiatives and research explored the use of cloud technology to advance neuroscience research and shared approaches to address current barriers. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Update to Strategy for Exploration of the Inner Planets DO - 10.17226/12329 PY - 1990 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12329/update-to-strategy-for-exploration-of-the-inner-planets PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Lyly Luhachack A2 - Natalie Armstrong TI - Advances in Multimodal Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Environmental and Biomedical Data Integration: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/27202 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27202/advances-in-multimodal-artificial-intelligence-to-enhance-environmental-and-biomedical-data-integration PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), biotechnology, and biomedical big data holds promise to transform understanding of human health and disease. Driven by the increasing availability and ability to generate, collect, and analyze environmental and biomedical data along with advanced computing power, AI and machine learning (ML) applications are rapidly developing in research and health. To explore opportunities for leveraging emerging developments in AI and ML to advance multimodal data integration, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop titled Advances in Multimodal Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Environmental and Biomedical Data Integration on June 14-15, 2023. The workshop focused on recent developments in AI and other data-driven approaches to integrate biomedical and environmental health data; the exploration of promising applications in human health and disease; and the ethical, social, and policy implications and challenges of health data collection and integration. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Developing a Methodological Research Program for Longitudinal Studies: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/24844 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24844/developing-a-methodological-research-program-for-longitudinal-studies-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - One of the strategic objectives of the National Institute on Aging (NIA) is to “support the development of population-based data sets, especially from longitudinal studies, suitable for analysis of biological, behavioral, and social factors affecting health, well-being, and functional status through the life course.” To contribute to that objective and to inform the development of a methodological research program for longitudinal studies, the Committee on National Statistics held a public workshop in June 2017. The discussion focused on challenges that are specific to the types of longitudinal studies supported by NIA and aimed to identify areas of methodological research that could be pursued in order to benefit from emerging methods, new techniques, or other opportunities to enhance the data and increase data collection efficiency. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Space Studies Board Annual Report 2013 DO - 10.17226/18743 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18743/space-studies-board-annual-report-2013 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - The original charter of the Space Science Board was established in June 1958, 3 months before the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) opened its doors. The Space Science Board and its successor, the Space Studies Board (SSB), have provided expert external and independent scientific and programmatic advice to NASA on a continuous basis from NASA's inception until the present. The SSB has also provided such advice to other executive branch agencies, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Department of Defense, as well as to Congress. Space Studies Board Annual Report 2013 covers a message from the chair of the SSB, Charles F. Kennel. This report also explains the origins of the Space Science Board, how the Space Studies Board functions today, the SSB's collaboration with other National Research Council units, assures the quality of the SSB reports, acknowledges the audience and sponsors, and expresses the necessity to enhance the outreach and improve dissemination of SSB reports. This report will be relevant to a full range of government audiences in civilian space research - including NASA, NSF, NOAA, USGS, and the Department of Energy, as well members of the SSB, policy makers, and researchers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Leslie Pray TI - Relationships Among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21654 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21654/relationships-among-the-brain-the-digestive-system-and-eating-behavior PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition KW - Health and Medicine AB - On July 9-10, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Food Forum hosted a public workshop to explore emerging and rapidly developing research on relationships among the brain, the digestive system, and eating behavior. Drawing on expertise from the fields of nutrition and food science, animal and human physiology and behavior, and psychology and psychiatry as well as related fields, the purpose of the workshop was to (1) review current knowledge on the relationship between the brain and eating behavior, explore the interaction between the brain and the digestive system, and consider what is known about the brain's role in eating patterns and consumer choice; (2) evaluate current methods used to determine the impact of food on brain activity and eating behavior; and (3) identify gaps in knowledge and articulate a theoretical framework for future research. Relationships among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Visualizing Chemistry: The Progress and Promise of Advanced Chemical Imaging SN - DO - 10.17226/11663 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11663/visualizing-chemistry-the-progress-and-promise-of-advanced-chemical-imaging PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - Scientists and engineers have long relied on the power of imaging techniques to help see objects invisible to the naked eye, and thus, to advance scientific knowledge. These experts are constantly pushing the limits of technology in pursuit of chemical imaging—the ability to visualize molecular structures and chemical composition in time and space as actual events unfold—from the smallest dimension of a biological system to the widest expanse of a distant galaxy. Chemical imaging has a variety of applications for almost every facet of our daily lives, ranging from medical diagnosis and treatment to the study and design of material properties in new products. In addition to highlighting advances in chemical imaging that could have the greatest impact on critical problems in science and technology, Visualizing Chemistry reviews the current state of chemical imaging technology, identifies promising future developments and their applications, and suggests a research and educational agenda to enable breakthrough improvements. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Sharyl J. Nass A2 - Theresa Wizemann TI - Informatics Needs and Challenges in Cancer Research: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/13425 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13425/informatics-needs-and-challenges-in-cancer-research-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - As information technology becomes an integral part of health care, it is important to collect and analyze data in a way that makes the information understandable and useful. Informatics tools--which help collect, organize, and analyze data--are essential to biomedical and health research and development. The field of cancer research is facing an overwhelming deluge of data, heightening the national urgency to find solutions to support and sustain the cancer informatics ecosystem. There is a particular need to integrate research and clinical data to facilitate personalized medicine approaches to cancer prevention and treatment--for example, tailoring treatment based on an individual patient's genetic makeup as well as that of the tumor --and to allow for more rapid learning from patient experiences. To further examine informatics needs and challenges for 21st century biomedical research, the IOM's National Cancer Policy Forum held a workshop February 27-28, 2012. The workshop was designed to raise awareness of the critical and urgent importance of the challenges, gaps and opportunities in informatics; to frame the issues surrounding the development of an integrated system of cancer informatics for acceleration of research; and to discuss solutions for transformation of the cancer informatics enterprise. Informatics Needs and Challenges in Cancer Research: Workshop Summary summarizes the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Review of Three Divisions of the Information Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2015 SN - DO - 10.17226/21877 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21877/review-of-three-divisions-of-the-information-technology-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - At the request of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has, since 1959, annually assembled panels of experts from academia, industry, medicine, and other scientific and engineering environments to assess the quality and effectiveness of the NIST measurements and standards laboratories, of which there are now seven, as well as the adequacy of the laboratories' resources. Review of Three Divisions of the Information Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2015 assesses the organization's technical programs, the portfolio of scientific expertise within the organization, the adequacy of the organization's facilities, equipment, and human resources, and the effectiveness by which the organization disseminates its program outputs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper TI - Informing Environmental Health Decisions Through Data Integration: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/25139 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25139/informing-environmental-health-decisions-through-data-integration-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Integrating large quantities of data from multiple, disparate sources can create new opportunities to understand complex environmental health questions. Currently, efforts are under way to develop methods to reliably integrate data from sources or designed experiments that are not traditionally used in environmental health research, such as electronic health records (EHRs), geospatial datasets, and crowd-based sources. However, combining new types and larger quantities of data to inform a specific decision also presents many new challenges. On February 20–21, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to explore the promise and potential pitfalls of environmental health data integration. The workshop brought together a multidisciplinary group of scientists, policy makers, risk assessors, and regulators to discuss the topic. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper A2 - Keegan Sawyer TI - Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Advance Environmental Health Research and Decisions: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/25520 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25520/leveraging-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-to-advance-environmental-health-research-and-decisions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technological invention that promises to transform everyday life and the world. Investment and enthusiasm for AI—or the ability of machines to carry out “smart” tasks—are driven largely by advancements in the subfield of machine learning. Machine learning algorithms can analyze large volumes of complex data to find patterns and make predictions, often exceeding the accuracy and efficiency of people who are attempting the same task. Powered by a tremendous growth in data collection and availability as well as computing power and accessibility, AI and machine learning applications are becoming commonplace in many aspects of modern society, as well as in a growing number of scientific disciplines. On June 6–7, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 2-day workshop to explore emerging applications and implications of AI and machine learning in environmental health research and decisions. Speakers highlighted the use of AI and machine learning to characterize sources of pollution, predict chemical toxicity, and estimate human exposures to contaminants, among other applications. Though promising, questions remain about the use of AI and machine learning in environmental health research and public policy decisions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper A2 - Keegan Sawyer TI - The Promise of Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Analysis Tools to Advance Environmental Health Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/25492 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25492/the-promise-of-single-cell-and-single-molecule-analysis-tools-to-advance-environmental-health-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Over the past decade, single-molecule and single-cell technologies have rapidly advanced healthcare research by enabling scientists to isolate individual cells. On March 7–8, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 2-day workshop to explore new single-cell and single-molecule analysis technologies. The participants discussed different uses of new cell technologies, valuable tools and lessons for data analysis, the challenges of translating single-cell genomics to the clinic, and applications in environmental health. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anne Johnson A2 - Lyly Luhachack A2 - Nancy Connell A2 - Carmen Shaw TI - Engaging Scientists to Prevent Harmful Exploitation of Advanced Data Analytics and Biological Data: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/27093 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27093/engaging-scientists-to-prevent-harmful-exploitation-of-advanced-data-analytics-and-biological-data PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences AB - Artificial intelligence (AI), facial recognition, and other advanced computational and statistical techniques are accelerating advancements in the life sciences and many other fields. However, these technologies and the scientific developments they enable also hold the potential for unintended harm and malicious exploitation. To examine these issues and to discuss practices for anticipating and preventing the misuse of advanced data analytics and biological data in a global context, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened two virtual workshops on November 15, 2022, and February 9, 2023. The workshops engaged scientists from the United States, South Asia, and Southeast Asia through a series of presentations and scenario-based exercises to explore emerging applications and areas of research, their potential benefits, and the ethical issues and security risks that arise when AI applications are used in conjunction with biological data. This publication highlights the presentations and discussions of the workshops. ER -