%0 Book %A National Research Council %E Beatty, Alexandra %E Neisser, Ulric %E Trent, William T. %E Heubert, Jay P. %T Understanding Dropouts: Statistics, Strategies, and High-Stakes Testing %@ 978-0-309-07602-9 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10166/understanding-dropouts-statistics-strategies-and-high-stakes-testing %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10166/understanding-dropouts-statistics-strategies-and-high-stakes-testing %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 66 %X The role played by testing in the nation's public school system has been increasing steadily—and growing more complicated—for more than 20 years. The Committee on Educational Excellence and Testing Equity (CEETE) was formed to monitor the effects of education reform, particularly testing, on students at risk for academic failure because of poverty, lack of proficiency in English, disability, or membership in population subgroups that have been educationally disadvantaged. The committee recognizes the important potential benefits of standards-based reforms and of test results in revealing the impact of reform efforts on these students. The committee also recognizes the valuable role graduation tests can potentially play in making requirements concrete, in increasing the value of a diploma, and in motivating students and educators alike to work to higher standards. At the same time, educational testing is a complicated endeavor, that reality can fall far short of the model, and that testing cannot by itself provide the desired benefits. If testing is improperly used, it can have negative effects, such as encouraging school leaving, that can hit disadvantaged students hardest. The committee was concerned that the recent proliferation of high school exit examinations could have the unintended effect of increasing dropout rates among students whose rates are already far higher than the average, and has taken a close look at what is known about influences on dropout behavior and at the available data on dropouts and school completion. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Tienda, Marta %E Mitchell, Faith %T Hispanics and the Future of America %@ 978-0-309-10051-9 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11539/hispanics-and-the-future-of-america %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11539/hispanics-and-the-future-of-america %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 502 %X Hispanics and the Future of America presents details of the complex story of a population that varies in many dimensions, including national origin, immigration status, and generation. The papers in this volume draw on a wide variety of data sources to describe the contours of this population, from the perspectives of history, demography, geography, education, family, employment, economic well-being, health, and political engagement. They provide a rich source of information for researchers, policy makers, and others who want to better understand the fast-growing and diverse population that we call “Hispanic.” The current period is a critical one for getting a better understanding of how Hispanics are being shaped by the U.S. experience. This will, in turn, affect the United States and the contours of the Hispanic future remain uncertain. The uncertainties include such issues as whether Hispanics, especially immigrants, improve their educational attainment and fluency in English and thereby improve their economic position; whether growing numbers of foreign-born Hispanics become citizens and achieve empowerment at the ballot box and through elected office; whether impending health problems are successfully averted; and whether Hispanics’ geographic dispersal accelerates their spatial and social integration. The papers in this volume provide invaluable information to explore these issues. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Espinosa, Lorelle L. %E McGuire, Kent %E Jackson, Leigh Miles %T Minority Serving Institutions: America's Underutilized Resource for Strengthening the STEM Workforce %@ 978-0-309-48441-1 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25257/minority-serving-institutions-americas-underutilized-resource-for-strengthening-the-stem %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25257/minority-serving-institutions-americas-underutilized-resource-for-strengthening-the-stem %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Industry and Labor %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 254 %X There are over 20 million young people of color in the United States whose representation in STEM education pathways and in the STEM workforce is still far below their numbers in the general population. Their participation could help re-establish the United States' preeminence in STEM innovation and productivity, while also increasing the number of well-educated STEM workers. There are nearly 700 minority-serving institutions (MSIs) that provide pathways to STEM educational success and workforce readiness for millions of students of color—and do so in a mission-driven and intentional manner. They vary substantially in their origins, missions, student demographics, and levels of institutional selectivity. But in general, their service to the nation provides a gateway to higher education and the workforce, particularly for underrepresented students of color and those from low-income and first-generation to college backgrounds. The challenge for the nation is how to capitalize on the unique strengths and attributes of these institutions and to equip them with the resources, exceptional faculty talent, and vital infrastructure needed to educate and train an increasingly critical portion of current and future generations of scientists, engineers, and health professionals. Minority Serving Institutions examines the nation's MSIs and identifies promising programs and effective strategies that have the highest potential return on investment for the nation by increasing the quantity and quality MSI STEM graduates. This study also provides critical information and perspective about the importance of MSIs to other stakeholders in the nation's system of higher education and the organizations that support them. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Placing Children in Special Education: A Strategy for Equity %@ 978-0-309-03247-6 %D 1982 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9440/placing-children-in-special-education-a-strategy-for-equity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9440/placing-children-in-special-education-a-strategy-for-equity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 395 %0 Book %T The National Scholars Program - SUMMARY: Excellence with Diversity for the Future %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9851/the-national-scholars-program-summary-excellence-with-diversity-for-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9851/the-national-scholars-program-summary-excellence-with-diversity-for-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 45 %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %A National Academy of Engineering %A Institute of Medicine %T Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation: America's Science and Technology Talent at the Crossroads %@ 978-0-309-15968-5 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12984/expanding-underrepresented-minority-participation-americas-science-and-technology-talent-at %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12984/expanding-underrepresented-minority-participation-americas-science-and-technology-talent-at %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Engineering and Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Industry and Labor %P 286 %X In order for the United States to maintain the global leadership and competitiveness in science and technology that are critical to achieving national goals, we must invest in research, encourage innovation, and grow a strong and talented science and technology workforce. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation explores the role of diversity in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) workforce and its value in keeping America innovative and competitive. According to the book, the U.S. labor market is projected to grow faster in science and engineering than in any other sector in the coming years, making minority participation in STEM education at all levels a national priority. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation analyzes the rate of change and the challenges the nation currently faces in developing a strong and diverse workforce. Although minorities are the fastest growing segment of the population, they are underrepresented in the fields of science and engineering. Historically, there has been a strong connection between increasing educational attainment in the United States and the growth in and global leadership of the economy. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation suggests that the federal government, industry, and post-secondary institutions work collaboratively with K-12 schools and school systems to increase minority access to and demand for post-secondary STEM education and technical training. The book also identifies best practices and offers a comprehensive road map for increasing involvement of underrepresented minorities and improving the quality of their education. It offers recommendations that focus on academic and social support, institutional roles, teacher preparation, affordability and program development. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Research Council %E Olson, Steve %E Labov, Jay B. %T Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit %@ 978-0-309-25654-4 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13399/community-colleges-in-the-evolving-stem-education-landscape-summary-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13399/community-colleges-in-the-evolving-stem-education-landscape-summary-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 156 %X The National Research Council (NRC) and National Academy of Engineering (NAE) have released a new report, Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit. Based on a national summit that was supported by the National Science Foundation and organized by the NRC and the NAE, the report highlights the importance of community colleges, especially in emerging areas of STEM (Sciene, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and preparation of the STEM workforce. Community colleges are also essential in accommodating growing numbers of students and in retraining displaced workers in skills needed in the new economy. Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit looks at the changing and evolving relationships between community colleges and four-year institutions, with a focus on partnerships and articulation processes that can facilitate student success in STEM; expanding participation of students from historically underrepresented populations in undergraduate STEM education; and how subjects, such as mathematics, can serve as gateways or barriers to college completion. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Tienda, Marta %E Mitchell, Faith %T Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies: Hispanics and the American Future %@ 978-0-309-09667-6 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11314/multiple-origins-uncertain-destinies-hispanics-and-the-american-future %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11314/multiple-origins-uncertain-destinies-hispanics-and-the-american-future %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 176 %X Given current demographic trends, nearly one in five U.S. residents will be of Hispanic origin by 2025. This major demographic shift and its implications for both the United States and the growing Hispanic population make Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies a most timely book. This report from the National Research Council describes how Hispanics are transforming the country as they disperse geographically. It considers their roles in schools, in the labor market, in the health care system, and in U.S. politics. The book looks carefully at the diverse populations encompassed by the term “Hispanic,” representing immigrants and their children and grandchildren from nearly two dozen Spanish-speaking countries. It describes the trajectory of the younger generations and established residents, and it projects long-term trends in population aging, social disparities, and social mobility that have shaped and will shape the Hispanic experience. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Ready, Timothy %E Edley, Christopher, Jr. %E Snow, Catherine E. %T Achieving High Educational Standards for All: Conference Summary %@ 978-0-309-08303-4 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10256/achieving-high-educational-standards-for-all-conference-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10256/achieving-high-educational-standards-for-all-conference-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 300 %X This volume summarizes a range of scientific perspectives on the important goal of achieving high educational standards for all students. Based on a conference held at the request of the U.S. Department of Education, it addresses three questions: What progress has been made in advancing the education of minority and disadvantaged students since the historic Brown v. Board of Education decision nearly 50 years ago? What does research say about the reasons of successes and failures? What are some of the strategies and practices that hold the promise of producing continued improvements? The volume draws on the conclusions of a number of important recent NRC reports, including How People Learn, Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children, Eager to Learn, and From Neurons to Neighborhoods, among others. It includes an overview of the conference presentations and discussions, the perspectives of the two co-moderators, and a set of background papers on more detailed issues. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Hakuta, Kenji %E Beatty, Alexandra %T Testing English-Language Learners in U.S. Schools: Report and Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-07297-7 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9998/testing-english-language-learners-in-us-schools-report-and-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9998/testing-english-language-learners-in-us-schools-report-and-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 57 %X The Committee on Educational Excellence and Testing Equity was created under the auspices of the National Research Council (NRC), and specifically under the oversight of the Board on Testing and Assessment (BOTA). The committee's charge is to explore the challenges that face U.S. schools as they work to achieve the related goals of academic excellence and equity for all students. This report provides not only the summary of a workshop held by the forum on the testing of English-language learners (students learning English as an additional language) in U.S. schools, but also a report on the committee's conclusions derived from that workshop and from subsequent deliberations. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Garrison, Howard H. %E Brown, Prudence W. %T Minority Access to Research Careers: An Evaluation of the Honors Undergraduate Research Training Program %D 1985 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18471/minority-access-to-research-careers-an-evaluation-of-the-honors %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18471/minority-access-to-research-careers-an-evaluation-of-the-honors %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 105 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Assessing and Responding to the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments %@ 978-0-309-46702-5 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24926/assessing-and-responding-to-the-growth-of-computer-science-undergraduate-enrollments %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24926/assessing-and-responding-to-the-growth-of-computer-science-undergraduate-enrollments %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Computers and Information Technology %P 252 %X The field of computer science (CS) is currently experiencing a surge in undergraduate degree production and course enrollments, which is straining program resources at many institutions and causing concern among faculty and administrators about how best to respond to the rapidly growing demand. There is also significant interest about what this growth will mean for the future of CS programs, the role of computer science in academic institutions, the field as a whole, and U.S. society more broadly. Assessing and Responding to the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments seeks to provide a better understanding of the current trends in computing enrollments in the context of past trends. It examines drivers of the current enrollment surge, relationships between the surge and current and potential gains in diversity in the field, and the potential impacts of responses to the increased demand for computing in higher education, and it considers the likely effects of those responses on students, faculty, and institutions. This report provides recommendations for what institutions of higher education, government agencies, and the private sector can do to respond to the surge and plan for a strong and sustainable future for the field of CS in general, the health of the institutions of higher education, and the prosperity of the nation. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Hawley, Willis D. %E Ready, Timothy %T Measuring Access to Learning Opportunities %@ 978-0-309-08897-8 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10673/measuring-access-to-learning-opportunities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10673/measuring-access-to-learning-opportunities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 143 %X Since 1968 the Elementary and Secondary School Civil Rights Compliance Report (known as the E&S survey) has been used to gather information about possible disparities in access to learning opportunities and violations of students’ civil rights. Thirty-five years after the initiation of the E&S survey, large disparities remain both in educational outcomes and in access to learning opportunities and resources. These disparities may reflect violations of students’ civil rights, the failure of education policies and practices to provide students from all backgrounds with a similar educational experience, or both. They may also reflect the failure of schools to fully compensate for disparities and current differences in parents’ education, income, and family structure. The Committee on Improving Measures of Access to Equal Educational Opportunities concludes that the E&S survey continues to play an essential role in documenting these disparities and in providing information that is useful both in guiding efforts to protect students’ civil rights and for informing educational policy and practice. The committee also concludes that the survey’s usefulness and access to the survey data could be improved. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Smedley, Brian D. %E Stith, Adrienne Y. %E Colburn, Lois %E Evans, Clyde H. %T The Right Thing to Do, The Smart Thing to Do: Enhancing Diversity in the Health Professions -- Summary of the Symposium on Diversity in Health Professions in Honor of Herbert W. Nickens, M.D. %@ 978-0-309-07614-2 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10186/the-right-thing-to-do-the-smart-thing-to-do %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10186/the-right-thing-to-do-the-smart-thing-to-do %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 376 %X The Symposium on Diversity in the Health Professions in Honor of Herbert W. Nickens, M.D., was convened in March 2001 to provide a forum for health policymakers, health professions educators, education policymakers, researchers, and others to address three significant and contradictory challenges: the continued under-representation of African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans in health professions; the growth of these populations in the United States and subsequent pressure to address their health care needs; and the recent policy, legislative, and legal challenges to affirmative action that may limit access for underrepresented minority students to health professions training. The symposium summary along with a collection of papers presented are to help stimulate further discussion and action toward addressing these challenges. The Right Thing to Do, The Smart Thing to Do: Enhancing Diversity in Health Professions illustrates how the health care industry and health care professions are fighting to retain the public's confidence so that the U.S. health care system can continue to be the world's best. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Forstag, Erin %T Intergenerational Poverty and Mobility Among Native Americans in the United States: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26909/intergenerational-poverty-and-mobility-among-native-americans-in-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26909/intergenerational-poverty-and-mobility-among-native-americans-in-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 12 %X On July 22 and 25, 2022, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held an information gathering meeting titled, Intergenerational Poverty and Mobility Among Native Americans in the U.S. The meeting was held to inform the future consensus report of the National Academies Committee on Policies and Programs to Reduce Intergenerational Poverty. Building on the findings of the 2019 report, A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty, this ad hoc committee was convened by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families to identify policies and programs with the potential to reduce long-term, intergenerational poverty. The harmful effects of living in poverty during childhood can entrench families and communities in poverty, leading to the transmission of poverty from one generation to the next. This cycle has a disproportionate effect on Native American families. This public information-gathering meeting was held to engage with leaders, researchers, and practitioners on issues surrounding intergenerational poverty and mobility among Native American families in the United States, including exploring key structural determinants of entrenched poverty and promising interventions designed to address those determinants. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %E Taylor, Tiffany E. %T Increasing Student Success in Developmental Mathematics: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-49662-9 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25547/increasing-student-success-in-developmental-mathematics-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25547/increasing-student-success-in-developmental-mathematics-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 122 %X The Board on Science Education and the Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened the Workshop on Increasing Student Success in Developmental Mathematics on March 18-19, 2019. The Workshop explored how to best support all students in postsecondary mathematics, with particular attention to students who are unsuccessful in developmental mathematics and with an eye toward issues of access to promising reforms and equitable learning environments. The two-day workshop was designed to bring together a variety of stakeholders, including experts who have developed and/or implemented new initiatives to improve the mathematics education experience for students. The overarching goal of the workshop was to take stock of the mathematics education community's progress in this domain. Participants examined the data on students who are well-served by new reform structures in developmental mathematics and discussed various cohorts of students who are not currently well served - those who even with access to reforms do not succeed and those who do not have access to a reform due to differential access constraints. Throughout the workshop, participants also explored promising approaches to bolstering student outcomes in mathematics, focusing especially on research and data that demonstrate the success of these approaches; deliberated and discussed barriers and opportunities for effectively serving all students; and outlined some key directions of inquiry intended to address the prevailing research and data needs in the field. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Edley, Christopher, Jr. %E Koenig, Judith %E Nielsen, Natalie %E Citro, Constance %T Monitoring Educational Equity %@ 978-0-309-49016-0 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25389/monitoring-educational-equity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25389/monitoring-educational-equity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Surveys and Statistics %P 268 %X Disparities in educational attainment among population groups have characterized the United States throughout its history. Education is sometimes characterized as the "great equalizer," but to date, the country has not found ways to successfully address the adverse effects of socioeconomic circumstances, prejudice, and discrimination that suppress performance for some groups. To ensure that the pursuit of equity encompasses both the goals to which the nation aspires for its children and the mechanisms to attain those goals, a revised set of equity indicators is needed. Measures of educational equity often fail to account for the impact of the circumstances in which students live on their academic engagement, academic progress, and educational attainment. Some of the contextual factors that bear on learning include food and housing insecurity, exposure to violence, unsafe neighborhoods, adverse childhood experiences, and exposure to environmental toxins. Consequently, it is difficult to identify when intervention is necessary and how it should function. A revised set of equity indicators should highlight disparities, provide a way to explore potential causes, and point toward possible improvements. Monitoring Educational Equity proposes a system of indicators of educational equity and presents recommendations for implementation. This report also serves as a framework to help policy makers better understand and combat inequity in the United States' education system. Disparities in educational opportunities reinforce, and often amplify, disparities in outcomes throughout people's lives. Thus, it is critical to ensure that all students receive comprehensive supports that level the playing field in order to improve the well-being of underrepresented individuals and the nation. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %A National Academy of Engineering %A Institute of Medicine %E Arrison, Thomas %T Rising Above the Gathering Storm Two Years Later: Accelerating Progress Toward a Brighter Economic Future: Summary of a Convocation %@ 978-0-309-14131-4 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12537/rising-above-the-gathering-storm-two-years-later-accelerating-progress %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12537/rising-above-the-gathering-storm-two-years-later-accelerating-progress %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Education %K Engineering and Technology %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 24 %X Rising Above the Gathering Storm Two Years Later: Accelerating Progress Toward a Brighter Economic Future summarizes a convocation held in April 2008 to commemorate the release of the original Gathering Storm report. The convocation featured participation by Members of Congress, Cabinet Secretaries, leaders from industry and academia, and other experts. The discussions reviewed progress made thus far in implementing the Gathering Storm recommendations to strengthen K-12 education in math and science, research, higher education, and the environment for innovation. Participants also noted that much additional work is needed to ensure that America remains a leader in science and engineering in the long term. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %T Engineering Studies at Tribal Colleges and Universities %@ 978-0-309-10127-1 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11582/engineering-studies-at-tribal-colleges-and-universities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11582/engineering-studies-at-tribal-colleges-and-universities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Engineering and Technology %P 71 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T An Evaluation of the Public Schools of the District of Columbia: Reform in a Changing Landscape %@ 978-0-309-37380-7 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21743/an-evaluation-of-the-public-schools-of-the-district-of-columbia %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21743/an-evaluation-of-the-public-schools-of-the-district-of-columbia %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 342 %X An Evaluation of the Public Schools of the District of Columbia is a comprehensive five-year summative evaluation report for Phase Two of an initiative to evaluate the District of Columbia's public schools. Consistent with the recommendations in the 2011 report A Plan for Evaluating the District of Columbia's Public Schools, this new report describes changes in the public schools during the period from 2009 to 2013. An Evaluation of the Public Schools of the District of Columbia examines business practices, human resources operations and human capital strategies, academic plans, and student achievement. This report identifies what is working well seven years after legislation was enacted to give control of public schools to the mayor of the District of Columbia and which areas need additional attention.