%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Knobler, Stacey L. %E O'Connor, Siobhan %E Lemon, Stanley M. %E Najafi, Marjan %T The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-08994-4 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11026/the-infectious-etiology-of-chronic-diseases-defining-the-relationship-enhancing %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11026/the-infectious-etiology-of-chronic-diseases-defining-the-relationship-enhancing %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 234 %X In recent years, a number of chronic diseases have been linked, in some cases definitively, to an infectious etiology: peptic ulcer disease with Helicobacter pylori, cervical cancer with several human papillomaviruses, Lyme arthritis and neuroborreliosis with Borrelia burgdorferi, AIDS with the human immunodeficiency virus, liver cancer and cirrhosis with hepatitis B and C viruses, to name a few. The proven and suspected roles of microbes does not stop with physical ailments; infections are increasingly being examined as associated causes of or possible contributors to a variety of serious, chronic neuropsychiatric disorders and to developmental problems, especially in children. The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects, summarizes a two-day workshop held by the Institute of Medicine’s Forum on Microbial Threats to address this rapidly evolving field. Participants explored factors driving infectious etiologies of chronic diseases of prominence, identified difficulties in linking infectious agents with chronic outcomes, and discussed broad-based strategies and research programs to advance the field. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Stratton, Kathleen R. %E Durch, Jane S. %E Lawrence, Robert S. %T Vaccines for the 21st Century: A Tool for Decisionmaking %@ 978-0-309-05646-5 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5501/vaccines-for-the-21st-century-a-tool-for-decisionmaking %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5501/vaccines-for-the-21st-century-a-tool-for-decisionmaking %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 472 %X Vaccines have made it possible to eradicate the scourge of smallpox, promise the same for polio, and have profoundly reduced the threat posed by other diseases such as whooping cough, measles, and meningitis. What is next? There are many pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancers that may be promising targets for vaccine research and development. This volume provides an analytic framework and quantitative model for evaluating disease conditions that can be applied by those setting priorities for vaccine development over the coming decades. The committee describes an approach for comparing potential new vaccines based on their impact on morbidity and mortality and on the costs of both health care and vaccine development. The book examines: Lessons to be learned from the polio experience. Scientific advances that set the stage for new vaccines. Factors that affect how vaccines are used in the population. Value judgments and ethical questions raised by comparison of health needs and benefits. The committee provides a way to compare different forms of illness and set vaccine priorities without assigning a monetary value to lives. Their recommendations will be important to anyone involved in science policy and public health planning: policymakers, regulators, health care providers, vaccine manufacturers, and researchers. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Ending the War Metaphor: The Changing Agenda for Unraveling the Host-Microbe Relationship: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-09601-0 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11669/ending-the-war-metaphor-the-changing-agenda-for-unraveling-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11669/ending-the-war-metaphor-the-changing-agenda-for-unraveling-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 306 %X Infectious diseases have existed longer than us, as long as us, or are relatively newer than us. It may be the case that a disease has existed for many, many years but has only recently begun affecting humans. At the turn of the century the number of deaths caused by infections in the United States had been falling steadily but since the '80s has seen an increase. In the past 30 years alone 37 new pathogens have been identified as human disease threats and 12% of known human pathogens have been classified as either emerging or remerging. Whatever the story, there is currently a "war" on infectious diseases. This war is simply the systematic search for the microbial "cause" of each disease, followed by the development of antimicrobial therapies. The "war" on infectious diseases, however, must be revisited in order to develop a more realistic and detailed picture of the dynamic interactions among and between host organisms and their diverse populations of microbes. Only a fraction of these microbes are pathogens. Thus, in order to explore the crafting of a new metaphor for host-microbe relationships, and to consider how such a new perspective might inform and prioritize biomedical research, the Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened the workshop, Ending the War Metaphor: The Changing Agenda for Unraveling the Host-Microbe Relationship on March 16-17, 2005. Workshop participants examined knowledge and approaches to learning about the bacterial inhabitants of the human gut, the best known host-microbe system, as well as findings from studies of microbial communities associated with other mammals, fish, plants, soil, and insects. The perspective adopted by this workshop is one that recognizes the breadth and diversity of host-microbe relationships beyond those relative few that result in overt disease. Included in this summary are the reports and papers of individuals participating in the Forum as well as the views of the editors. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Choffnes, Eileen R. %E Olsen, LeighAnne %E Mack, Alison %T Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-29062-3 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18433/microbial-ecology-in-states-of-health-and-disease-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18433/microbial-ecology-in-states-of-health-and-disease-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 548 %X Individually and collectively, resident microbes play important roles in host health and survival. Shaping and shaped by their host environments, these microorganisms form intricate communities that are in a state of dynamic equilibrium. This ecologic and dynamic view of host-microbe interactions is rapidly redefining our view of health and disease. It is now accepted that the vast majority of microbes are, for the most part, not intrinsically harmful, but rather become established as persistent, co-adapted colonists in equilibrium with their environment, providing useful goods and services to their hosts while deriving benefits from these host associations. Disruption of such alliances may have consequences for host health, and investigations in a wide variety of organisms have begun to illuminate the complex and dynamic network of interaction - across the spectrum of hosts, microbes, and environmental niches - that influence the formation, function, and stability of host-associated microbial communities. Microbial Ecology in States of Health and Disease is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats in March 2013 to explore the scientific and therapeutic implications of microbial ecology in states of health and disease. Participants explored host-microbe interactions in humans, animals, and plants; emerging insights into how microbes may influence the development and maintenance of states of health and disease; the effects of environmental change(s) on the formation, function, and stability of microbial communities; and research challenges and opportunities for this emerging field of inquiry. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants %@ 978-0-309-06432-3 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9595/identifying-future-drinking-water-contaminants %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9595/identifying-future-drinking-water-contaminants %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 276 %X With an increasing population, use of new and diverse chemicals that can enter the water supply, and emergence of new microbial pathogens, the U.S. federal government is faced with a regulatory dilemma: Where should it focus its attention and limited resources to ensure safe drinking water supplies for the future? Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants is based on a 1998 workshop on emerging drinking water contaminants. It includes a dozen papers that were presented on new and emerging microbiological and chemical drinking water contaminants, associated analytical and water treatment methods for their detection and removal, and existing and proposed environmental databases to assist in their proactive identification and regulation. The papers are preceded by a conceptual approach and related recommendations to EPA for the periodic creation of future Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate Lists (CCLs—produced every five years—include currently unregulated chemical and microbiological substances that are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and that may pose health risks). %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Suitor, Carol West %E Oria, Maria %T Foodborne Disease and Public Health: Summary of an Iranian-American Workshop %@ 978-0-309-11613-8 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12094/foodborne-disease-and-public-health-summary-of-an-iranian-american %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12094/foodborne-disease-and-public-health-summary-of-an-iranian-american %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 108 %X The Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board and the National Research Council's Policy and Global Affairs Division convened a workshop in Washington, D.C., entitled Foodborne Disease and Public Health: An Iranian-American Workshop. The overall goals of this workshop were to facilitate the exchange of ideas about foodborne disease and public health and to promote further collaboration among Americans and Iranians on this topic of mutual interest. Experts invited to participate in this workshop addressed a variety of topics, ranging from the surveillance of outbreaks of foodborne illness to approaches to medical training in the Iranian and U.S. educational systems. The workshop was part of a series of cooperative efforts between the United States and Iran as the two countries have collaborated in the past on similar projects relating to foodborne disease. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T What You Need to Know About Infectious Disease %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13006/what-you-need-to-know-about-infectious-disease %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13006/what-you-need-to-know-about-infectious-disease %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 44 %X About a quarter of deaths worldwide--many of them children--are caused by infectious organisms. The World Health Organization reports that new infectious diseases are continuing to emerge and familiar ones are appearing in new locations around the globe. What's behind this trend? How can invisible organisms cause such harm? And to what extent has human behavior amplified the problem? What You Need to Know About Infectious Disease provides an overview of infectious disease, drawing on reports of the Institute of Medicine. Written for a general audience, it describes the biology, history, and future trends of some of the world's most widespread and harmful infections and explains what we need to do--as individuals and as a society--to address this global challenge. %0 Book %T Report of the Committee on Proposal Evaluation for Allocation of Supercomputing Time for the Study of Molecular Dynamics: Third Round %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14671/report-of-the-committee-on-proposal-evaluation-for-allocation-of-supercomputing-time-for-the-study-of-molecular-dynamics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14671/report-of-the-committee-on-proposal-evaluation-for-allocation-of-supercomputing-time-for-the-study-of-molecular-dynamics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Computers and Information Technology %P 20 %X The committee evaluated submissions received in response to a request for proposals (RFP) for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton, a supercomputer specially designed and built by D.E. Shaw Research (DESRES) that allows for dramatically increased molecular dynamics simulations compared to other currently available resources. During the past 2 years, DESRES has made available to the non-commercial research community node-hours on an Anton system housed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), based on the advice of previous National Research Council committees convened in the falls of 2010 and 2011. The success of the program has left DESRES to make the Anton machine housed at the PSC available for an additional 3.7 million node-hours during the 9 months following October 2012. DESRES has asked the National Research Council (NRC) to once again facilitate the allocation of time to the non-commercial research community. To undertake this task, the NRC convened a committee of experts to evaluate the proposals submitted in response to the aforementioned RFP. The committee members were selected for their expertise in molecular dynamics simulations, as well as their experience in the subject areas represented in the 52 proposals that were considered by the committee. They comprised a cross-section of the biomolecular dynamics field in academia, industry, and government, including an array of both senior and junior investigators. The goal of the third RFP for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton has been to continue to facilitate breakthrough research in the study of biomolecular systems by providing a massively parallel system specially designed for molecular dynamics simulations. These special capabilities allow multi-microsecond to millisecond simulation timescales, which previously had been unobtainable. The program seeks to continue to support research that addresses important and high-impact questions demonstrating a clear need for Anton's special capabilities.Report of the Committee on Proposal Evaluation for Allocation of Supercomputing Time for the Study of Molecular Dynamics: Third Round is a summary of the proposals, research, and criteria set forth in the RFP for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Relman, David A. %E Hamburg, Margaret A. %E Choffnes, Eileen R. %E Mack, Alison %T Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation: A Tribute to the Life and Scientific Legacies of Joshua Lederberg: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-13121-6 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12586/microbial-evolution-and-co-adaptation-a-tribute-to-the-life %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12586/microbial-evolution-and-co-adaptation-a-tribute-to-the-life %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 330 %X Dr. Joshua Lederberg - scientist, Nobel laureate, visionary thinker, and friend of the Forum on Microbial Threats - died on February 2, 2008. It was in his honor that the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop on May 20-21, 2008, to examine Dr. Lederberg's scientific and policy contributions to the marketplace of ideas in the life sciences, medicine, and public policy. The resulting workshop summary, Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation, demonstrates the extent to which conceptual and technological developments have, within a few short years, advanced our collective understanding of the microbiome, microbial genetics, microbial communities, and microbe-host-environment interactions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Gribble, James N. %E Preston, Samuel H. %T The Epidemiological Transition: Policy and Planning Implications for Developing Countries %@ 978-0-309-04839-2 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2225/the-epidemiological-transition-policy-and-planning-implications-for-developing-countries %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2225/the-epidemiological-transition-policy-and-planning-implications-for-developing-countries %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 288 %X This book examines issues concerning how developing countries will have to prepare for demographic and epidemiologic change. Much of the current literature focuses on the prevalence of specific diseases and their economic consequences, but a need exists to consider the consequences of the epidemiological transition: the change in mortality patterns from infectious and parasitic diseases to chronic and degenerative ones. Among the topics covered are the association between the health of children and adults, the strong orientation of many international health organizations toward infant and child health, and how the public and private sectors will need to address and confront the large-scale shifts in disease and demographic characteristics of populations in developing countries. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Lederberg, Joshua %E Shope, Robert E. %E Oaks, Stanley C., Jr. %T Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States %@ 978-0-309-04741-8 %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2008/emerging-infections-microbial-threats-to-health-in-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2008/emerging-infections-microbial-threats-to-health-in-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 312 %X The emergence of HIV disease and AIDS, the reemergence of tuberculosis, and the increased opportunity for disease spread through international travel demonstrate the critical importance of global vigilance for infectious diseases. This volume highlights risk factors for the emergence of microbial threats to health, warns against complacency in public health, and promotes early prevention as a cost-effective and crucial strategy for maintaining public health in the United States and worldwide. The volume identifies infectious disease threats posed by bacteria and viruses, as well as protozoans, helminths, and fungi. Rich in information, it includes a historical perspective on infectious disease, with focuses on Lyme disease, peptic ulcer, malaria, dengue, and recent increases in tuberculosis. The panel discusses how "new" diseases arise and how "old" ones resurge and considers the roles of human demographics and behavior, technology and industry, economic development and land use, international travel and commerce, microbial adaptation and change, and breakdown of public health measures in changing patterns of infectious disease. Also included are discussions and recommendations on disease surveillance; vaccine, drug, and pesticide development; vector control; public education and behavioral change; research and training; and strengthening of the U.S. public health system. This volume will be of immediate interest to scientists specializing in all areas of infectious diseases and microbiology, healthy policy specialists, public health officials, physicians, and medical faculty and students, as well as anyone interested in how their health can be threatened by infectious diseases. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Issues in Potable Reuse: The Viability of Augmenting Drinking Water Supplies with Reclaimed Water %@ 978-0-309-06416-3 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6022/issues-in-potable-reuse-the-viability-of-augmenting-drinking-water %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6022/issues-in-potable-reuse-the-viability-of-augmenting-drinking-water %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 280 %X A small but growing number of municipalities are augmenting their drinking water supplies with highly treated wastewater. But some professionals in the field argue that only the purest sources should be used for drinking water. Is potable reuse a viable application of reclaimed water? How can individual communities effectively evaluate potable reuse programs? How certain must "certain" be when it comes to drinking water safety? Issues in Potable Reuse provides the best available answers to these questions. Useful to scientists yet accessible to concerned lay readers, this book defines important terms in the debate and provides data, analysis, and examples of the experience of municipalities from San Diego to Tampa. The committee explores in detail the two major types of contaminants: Chemical contaminants. The committee discusses how to assess toxicity, reduce the input of contaminants, evaluate treatment options, manage the byproducts of disinfection and other issues. Microbial contaminants, including newly emerging waterborne pathogens. The book covers methods of detection, health consequences, treatment, and more. Issues in Potable Reuse reviews the results of six health effects studies at operational or proposed reuse projects. The committee discusses the utility of fish versus mammals in toxicology testing and covers issues in quality assurance. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Evolution of Evidence for Selected Nutrient and Disease Relationships %@ 978-0-309-08308-9 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10379/evolution-of-evidence-for-selected-nutrient-and-disease-relationships %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10379/evolution-of-evidence-for-selected-nutrient-and-disease-relationships %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 98 %X The Committee on Examination of the Evolving Science for Dietary Supplements of the Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board was directed to review, retrospectively, selected case studies of diet and health relationships that were relevant to dietary supplements and identified as important in the National Research Council report, Diet and Health: Implications for Chronic Disease Risk (D&H) (NRC, 1989). It was then to determine the extent to which subsequent scientific evidence from the peerreviewed literature used in published reports from the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) series (IOM, 1997, 1998, 2000a, 2001) either agreed with the preliminary evidence used to support the relationship identified originally in the 1989 review or significantly modified the original hypotheses and preliminary conclusions. The committee's analysis was to include characteristics of research with apparent high probability of predicting future confirmation by new science in support of a diet and health relationship. It also was to consider characteristics of information useful to consumers that would allow them to make scientifically informed judgments about the role that a specific food component or nutrient plays in health. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Balogh, Erin %E Patlak, Margie %E Nass, Sharyl J. %T Cancer Care in Low-Resource Areas: Cancer Prevention and Early Detection: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-39101-6 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21892/cancer-care-in-low-resource-areas-cancer-prevention-and-early %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21892/cancer-care-in-low-resource-areas-cancer-prevention-and-early %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 126 %X Though cancer was once considered to be a problem primarily in wealthy nations, low- and middle-income countries now bear a majority share of the global cancer burden, and cancer often surpasses the burden of infectious diseases in these countries. Effective low-cost cancer control options are available for some malignancies, with the World Health Organization estimating that these interventions could facilitate the prevention of approximately one-third of cancer deaths worldwide. But these interventions remain inaccessible for many people in the world, especially those residing in low-resource communities that are characterized by a lack of funds – on an individual or societal basis – to cover health infrastructure and care costs. Few guidelines and strategies for cancer control consider the appropriateness and feasibility of interventions in low-resource settings, and may undermine the effectiveness of these efforts. For example, interventions that are designed for high-resource settings may not account for important considerations in low-resource settings, such as resource constraints, infrastructure requirements, or whether a community has the capacity to deliver downstream cancer care. Patients in resource-constrained communities continue to face delayed diagnoses of cancer, potentially resulting in the diagnosis of later stage cancers and worsened patient outcomes. In addition, social stigmas, geopolitical issues, and cultural norms may limit access to cancer care in certain communities. Recognizing the challenges of providing cancer care in these settings, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine developed a workshop series examining cancer care in low-resource communities. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the first workshop, which focused on cancer prevention and early detection. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants %@ 978-0-309-06293-0 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6294/setting-priorities-for-drinking-water-contaminants %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6294/setting-priorities-for-drinking-water-contaminants %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 128 %X The provision of safe drinking water has been an important factor in the improvement of the health status of U.S. communities since the turn of the last century. Nonetheless, outbreaks of waterborne disease and incidences of chemical contamination of drinking water continue to occur. Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants recommends a new process for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to use in deciding which potential drinking water contaminants should be regulated in public water supplies to provide the greatest protection against waterborne illnesses. The book covers chemical and microbiological contaminants and includes a historical review of past approaches to setting priorities for drinking water contaminants and other environmental pollutants. It emphasizes the need for expert judgment in this process and for a conservative approach that considers public health protection as the first priority. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %E Anestidou, Lida %E Ogilvie, Jenna %T Animal Models for Microbiome Research: Advancing Basic and Translational Science: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46388-1 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24858/animal-models-for-microbiome-research-advancing-basic-and-translational-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24858/animal-models-for-microbiome-research-advancing-basic-and-translational-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 114 %X The surface of the human body and its mucous membranes are heavily colonized by microorganisms. Our understanding of the contributions that complex microbial communities make to health and disease is advancing rapidly. Most microbiome research to date has focused on the mouse as a model organism for delineating the mechanisms that shape the assembly and dynamic operations of microbial communities. However, the mouse is not a perfect surrogate for studying different aspects of the microbiome and how it responds to various environmental and host stimuli, and as a result, researchers have been conducting microbiome studies in other animals. To examine the different animal models researchers employ in microbiome studies and to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of each of these model organisms as they relate to human and nonhuman health and disease, the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in December 2016. The workshop participants explored how to improve the depth and breadth of analysis of microbial communities using various model organisms, the challenges of standardization and biological variability that are inherent in gnotobiotic animal-based research, the predictability and translatability of preclinical studies to humans, and strategies for expanding the infrastructure and tools for conducting studies in these types of models. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Ogawa, V. Ayano %E Shah, Cecilia Mundaca %E Negussie, Yamrot %E Nicholson, Anna %T The Convergence of Infectious Diseases and Noncommunicable Diseases: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-49614-8 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25535/the-convergence-of-infectious-diseases-and-noncommunicable-diseases-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25535/the-convergence-of-infectious-diseases-and-noncommunicable-diseases-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 184 %X On June 11 and June 12, 2019, the National Academies convened a workshop to explore the growing understanding of how the interplay between humans and microbes affects host physiology and causes noncommunicable diseases. Discussions included an overview of colliding epidemics, emerging research on associations between infectious and noncommunicable diseases, risks posed by chronic diseases to the development and severity of infectious diseases, and the influence of the microbiome. Workshop participants also examined the challenges and opportunities of convergence, the integration of health care delivery models and interventions, potential approaches for research, policy, and practice in the immediate-term, and potential directions for the long-term. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Prospects for Managed Underground Storage of Recoverable Water %@ 978-0-309-11438-7 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12057/prospects-for-managed-underground-storage-of-recoverable-water %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12057/prospects-for-managed-underground-storage-of-recoverable-water %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 350 %X Growing demands for water in many parts of the nation are fueling the search for new approaches to sustainable water management, including how best to store water. Society has historically relied on dams and reservoirs, but problems such as high evaporation rates and a lack of suitable land for dam construction are driving interest in the prospect of storing water underground. Managed underground storage should be considered a valuable tool in a water manager's portfolio, although it poses its own unique challenges that need to be addressed through research and regulatory measures. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Nitrate and Nitrite in Drinking Water %@ 978-0-309-08370-6 %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9038/nitrate-and-nitrite-in-drinking-water %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9038/nitrate-and-nitrite-in-drinking-water %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 78 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates %@ 978-0-309-08914-2 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10713/occupational-health-and-safety-in-the-care-and-use-of-nonhuman-primates %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10713/occupational-health-and-safety-in-the-care-and-use-of-nonhuman-primates %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 180 %X The field of occupational health and safety constantly changes, especially as it pertains to biomedical research. New infectious hazards are of particular importance at nonhuman-primate facilities. For example, the discovery that B virus can be transmitted via a splash on a mucous membrane raises new concerns that must be addressed, as does the discovery of the Reston strain of Ebola virus in import quarantine facilities in the U.S. The risk of such infectious hazards is best managed through a flexible and comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHSP) that can identify and mitigate potential hazards. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates is intended as a reference for vivarium managers, veterinarians, researchers, safety professionals, and others who are involved in developing or implementing an OHSP that deals with nonhuman primates. The book lists the important features of an OHSP and provides the tools necessary for informed decision-making in developing an optimal program that meets all particular institutional needs.