@BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Andrew Koltun", title = "Informing the Selection of Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2030: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "Experts from the health measurement and population health fields gathered on May 28, 2019, in Washington, DC, at a workshop organized by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for the Committee on Informing the Selection of Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2030. The workshop presentations and discussion aimed to help inform the committee\u2019s task, which is to advise on the criteria for selecting Healthy People 2030's Leading Health Indicators (LHIs) and to propose a slate of LHIs for the Healthy People Federal Interagency Workgroup to consider in finalizing the Healthy People 2030 plan. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25654/informing-the-selection-of-leading-health-indicators-for-healthy-people-2030", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Leslie Pray", title = "Sustainable Diets: Food for Healthy People and a Healthy Planet: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-29667-0", abstract = "One of the many benefits of the U.S. food system is a safe, nutritious, and consistent food supply. However, the same system also places significant strain on land, water, air, and other natural resources. A better understanding of the food-environment synergies and trade-offs associated with the U.S. food system would help to reduce this strain. Many experts would like to use that knowledge to develop dietary recommendations on the basis of environmental as well as nutritional considerations. But identifying and quantifying those synergies and trade-offs, let alone acting on them, is a challenge in and of itself. The difficulty stems in part from the reality that experts in the fields of nutrition, agricultural science, and natural resource use often do not regularly collaborate with each other, with the exception of some international efforts.\nSustainable Diets is the summary of a workshop convened by The Institute of Medicine's Food Forum and Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences,\nResearch, and Medicine in May 2013 to engender dialogue between experts in nutrition and experts in agriculture and natural resource sustainability and to explore current and emerging knowledge on the food and nutrition policy implications of the increasing environmental constraints on the food system. Experts explored the relationship between human health and the environment, including the identification and quantification of the synergies and trade-offs of their impact. This report explores the role of the food price environment and how environmental sustainability can be incorporated into dietary guidance and considers research priorities, policy implications, and drivers of consumer behaviors that will enable sustainable food choices. \n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18578/sustainable-diets-food-for-healthy-people-and-a-healthy-planet", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Criteria for Selecting the Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2030", isbn = "978-0-309-49594-3", abstract = "Every ten years, the Department of Health and Human Service\u2019s Healthy People Initiative develops a new set of science-based, national objectives with the goal of improving the health of all Americans. Defining balanced and comprehensive criteria for healthy people enables the public, programs, and policymakers to gauge our progress and reevaluate efforts towards a healthier society. Criteria for Selecting the Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2030 makes recommendations for the development of Leading Health Indicators for the initiative\u2019s Healthy People 2030 framework. The authoring committee\u2019s assessments inform their recommendations for the Healthy People Federal Interagency Workgroup in their endeavor to develop the latest Leading Health Indicators. The finalized Leading Health Indicators will establish the criteria for healthy Americans and help update policies that will guide decision-marking throughout the next decade. This report also reviews and reflects upon current and past Healthy People materials to identify gaps and new objectives.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25531/criteria-for-selecting-the-leading-health-indicators-for-healthy-people-2030", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2020: Letter Report", isbn = "978-0-309-18637-7", abstract = "For the past three decades, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has issued a national agenda aimed at improving the health of all Americans over each 10-year span. Under each of these Healthy People initiatives, HHS established health targets and monitored how well people were reaching them over time. \nIn response to a request from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Institute of Medicine (IOM) established the Committee on Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2020 to develop and recommend 12 indicators and 24 objectives for consideration by HHS for guiding a national health agenda and for consideration for inclusion in Healthy People 2020. The work of the committee built upon the 1999 IOM report, Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2010, and on the work of the Committee on the State of the USA Health Indicators. Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2020 lays out the proposed agenda for the current decade, which will end in 2020.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13088/leading-health-indicators-for-healthy-people-2020-letter-report", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Leading Health Indicators 2030: Advancing Health, Equity, and Well-Being", isbn = "978-0-309-67187-3", abstract = "Beginning in 1979 and in each subsequent decades, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has overseen the Healthy People initiative to set national goals and objectives for health promotion and disease prevention. At the request of HHS, this study presents a slate of Leading Health Indicators (LHIs) that will serve as options for the Healthy People Federal Interagency Workgroup to consider as they develop the final criteria and set of LHIs for Healthy People 2030.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25682/leading-health-indicators-2030-advancing-health-equity-and-well-being", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Toward Quality Measures for Population Health and the Leading Health Indicators", isbn = "978-0-309-28557-5", abstract = "The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Quality Measures for the Healthy People Leading Health Indicators was charged by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health to identify measures of quality for the 12 Leading Health Indicator (LHI) topics and 26 Leading Health Indicators in Healthy People 2020 (HP2020), the current version of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) 10-year agenda for improving the nation's health.\nThe scope of work for this project is to use the nine aims for improvement of quality in public health (population-centered, equitable, proactive, health promoting, risk reducing, vigilant, transparent, effective, and efficient) as a framework to identify quality measures for the Healthy People Leading Health Indicators (LHIs). The committee reviewed existing literature on the 12 LHI topics and the 26 Leading Health Indicators. Quality measures for the LHIs that are aligned with the nine aims for improvement of quality in public health will be identified. When appropriate, alignments with the six Priority Areas for Improvement of Quality in Public Health will be noted in the Committee's report. Toward Quality Measures for Population Health and the Leading Health Indicators also address data reporting and analytical capacities that must be available to capture the measures and for demonstrating the value of the measures to improving population health.\nToward Quality Measures for Population Health and the Leading Health Indicators provides recommendations for how the measures can be used across sectors of the public health and health care systems. The six priority areas (also known as drivers) are population health metrics and information technology; evidence-based practices, research, and evaluation; systems thinking; sustainability and stewardship; policy; and workforce and education.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18339/toward-quality-measures-for-population-health-and-the-leading-health-indicators", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Foundations of a Healthy and Vital Research Community for NASA Science", isbn = "978-0-309-68885-7", abstract = "The U.S. space science community includes thousands of scientists across multiple disciplines that influence and are influenced by the many engineers, technicians, and support personnel that are part of the space research enterprise. Over one-third of NASA's budget is devoted to space science, and the agency currently operates over 50 space missions in the fields of astrophysics, Earth science, solar and space physics, planetary science, and the biological and physical sciences. The strength of NASA science lies with its people, both those who work directly for the agency and the thousands of researchers and professionals who are funded by NASA grants and contracts.\nAt the request of NASA, this report examines the foundation for healthy and vital research communities. Foundations of a Healthy and Vital Research Community for NASA Science identifies the characteristics of a healthy and vital research community, defines implementable measures for assessing the health and vitality of a research community, describes the types of data that NASA should be collecting to enable future assessments of the health and vitality of the scientific work force, and recommends best practices to improve the health and vitality of NASA\u2019s research communities.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26575/foundations-of-a-healthy-and-vital-research-community-for-nasa-science", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Karen M. Anderson", title = "How Far Have We Come in Reducing Health Disparities?: Progress Since 2000: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-25530-1", abstract = "At the turn of the 21st century, several important reports and events designed to raise awareness of health disparities and to describe initial efforts to reduce health disparities took place. The Surgeon General's office released several reports that showed dramatic disparities in tobacco use and access to mental health services by race and ethnicity. The first real legislation focused on reducing health disparities was signed into law, creating the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities within the NIH. In 2001, the IOM released its landmark report, Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century, highlighting the importance of a focus on health care quality rather than a focus on only access and cost issues.\n \nBuilding upon these reports and events, the IOM held a workshop on April 8, 2010, that discussed progress to address health disparities and focused on the success of various federal initiatives to reduce health disparities. How Far Have We Come in Reducing Health Disparities? summarizes the workshop and explains the progress in the field since 2000.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13383/how-far-have-we-come-in-reducing-health-disparities-progress", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Alison Mack and Alina Baciu and Nirupa Goel", title = "Supporting a Movement for Health and Health Equity: Lessons from Social Movements: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-30331-6", abstract = "Supporting a Movement for Health and Health Equity is the summary of a workshop convened in December 2013 by the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity and the Elimination of Health Disparities and the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement to explore the lessons that may be gleaned from social movements, both those that are health-related and those that are not primarily focused on health. Participants and presenters focused on elements identified from the history and sociology of social change movements and how such elements can be applied to present-day efforts nationally and across communities to improve the chances for long, healthy lives for all.\nThe idea of movements and movement building is inextricably linked with the history of public health. Historically, most movements - including, for example, those for safer working conditions, for clean water, and for safe food - have emerged from the sustained efforts of many different groups of individuals, which were often organized in order to protest and advocate for changes in the name of such values as fairness and human rights. The purpose of the workshop was to have a conversation about how to support the fragments of health movements that roundtable members believed they could see occurring in society and in the health field. Recent reports from the National Academies have highlighted evidence that the United States gets poor value on its extraordinary investments in health - in particular, on its investments in health care - as American life expectancy lags behind that of other wealthy nations. As a result, many individuals and organizations, including the Healthy People 2020 initiative, have called for better health and longer lives. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18751/supporting-a-movement-for-health-and-health-equity-lessons-from", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century", isbn = "978-0-309-08704-9", abstract = "The anthrax incidents following the 9\/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report.\nThe Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health.\nFocusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses:\n\n The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement.\n The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system.\n The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation.\n\nProviding an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10548/the-future-of-the-publics-health-in-the-21st-century", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Research Council", editor = "Tracy A. Lustig and Steve Olson", title = "Hearing Loss and Healthy Aging: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-30226-5", abstract = "Being able to communicate is a cornerstone of healthy aging. People need to make themselves understood and to understand others to remain cognitively and socially engaged with families, friends, and other individuals. When they are unable to communicate, people with hearing impairments can become socially isolated, and social isolation can be an important driver of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Despite the critical importance of communication, many older adults have hearing loss that interferes with their social interactions and enjoyment of life. People may turn up the volume on their televisions or stereos, miss words in a conversation, go to fewer public places where it is difficult to hear, or worry about missing an alarm or notification. In other cases, hearing loss is much more severe, and people may retreat into a hard-to-reach shell. Yet fewer than one in seven older Americans with hearing loss use hearing aids, despite rapidly advancing technologies and innovative approaches to hearing health care. In addition, there may not be an adequate number of professionals trained to address the growing need for hearing health care for older adults. Further, Medicare does not cover routine hearing exams, hearing aids, or exams for fitting hearing aids, which can be prohibitively expensive for many older adults.\nHearing Loss and Healthy Aging is the summary of a workshop convened by the Forum on Aging, Disability, and Independence in January 2014 on age-related hearing loss. Researchers, advocates, policy makers, entrepreneurs, regulators, and others discussed this pressing social and public health issue. This report examines the ways in which age-related hearing loss affects healthy aging, and how the spectrum of public and private stakeholders can work together to address hearing loss in older adults as a public health issue.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18735/hearing-loss-and-healthy-aging-workshop-summary", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel: Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training", isbn = "978-0-309-10126-4", abstract = "The U.S. Army Health Risk Appraisal group surveyed 400,000 active duty U.S. Army personnel in the late 1990s to determine whether or not those personnel met the dietary objectives of Healthy People 2000 (HP2000), a national agenda for health promotion and disease prevention. As reported by Yore et al. (2000), Army personnel generally did not meet the HP2000 goals for nutrition even though significant progress had been made during 1991-1998. Although the specific aspects of diet that would be relevant to this Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel are lacking, the findings from this survey suggest that there are dietary problems in the military population. The potential for adverse effects of marginal mineral deficiencies among soldiers engaged in training or military operations and the prospect of improving military performance through mineral intakes have spurred the military's interest in this area of nutrition. \n\nMineral Requirements for Military Personnel provides background information on the current knowledge regarding soldiers' eating behaviors as well as on the physical and mental stress caused by military garrison training or operations. This report also offers facts on the mineral content of rations and its intake by military personnel and addresses the potential effects of nutrient deficiencies due to inadequate intake or higher requirements during military operations. Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel provides information and recommendations on the development and uses of MDRIs and a description of strategies to increase intake of specific minerals, whether via usual foods, fortification, or supplementation. This report features a description of the metabolism and needs for selected minerals by military personnel under garrison training, recommendations on mineral intake levels, and an assessment of mineral level adequacy in operational rations. This report also includes a prioritization of the research needed to answer information gaps and details of study designs required to gain such information. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11610/mineral-requirements-for-military-personnel-levels-needed-for-cognitive-and", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Leading Health Indicators for Healthy People 2010: First Interim Report", isbn = "978-0-309-06247-3", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6259/leading-health-indicators-for-healthy-people-2010-first-interim-report", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "For the Public's Health: Three-Volume Set", isbn = "978-0-309-26250-7", abstract = "Good health is not merely the result of good medical care but the result of what we do as a society to create conditions in which people can be healthy. Public policy can be one of the most effective approaches to protecting and improving the health of the population. \"Healthy\" public policy is particularly important in a time of scarce resources, because it can diminish or preclude the need for other, more costly and potentially less effective, interventions.\n\nAt the request of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reviewed how statutes and regulations prevent injury and disease, save lives, and improve the health of the population. For the Public's Health is a three volume set that reviews the legal and regulatory authority for public health activities, identifies past efforts to develop model public health legislation, and describes the implications of the changing social and policy context for public health laws and regulations. The IOM finds that public health law, much of which was enacted in different eras when communicable diseases were the primary population health threats, warrants systematic review and revision. Throughout these books, the IOM urges government agencies to familiarize themselves with the public health and policy interventions at their disposal that can influence behavior and, more importantly, change conditions-social, economic, and environmental-to improve health. Lastly, the IOM encourages government and private sector stakeholders to consider health in a wide range of policies and to evaluate the health effects and costs of major legislation.\n\nThis report is part of a three-part series requested by RWJF to address major topics in public health. Collectively, the series offers guideposts on the journey to becoming a healthier nation. For the Public's Health: Three Volume Box Set is comprised of three books: For the Public's Health: investing in a Healthier Future, For the Public's Health: Revitalizing Law and Policy to Meet New Challenges, and For the Public's Health: The Role of Measurement in Action and Accountability.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13474/for-the-publics-health-three-volume-set", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention", isbn = "978-0-309-26354-2", abstract = "During the past century the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States have shifted from those related to communicable diseases to those due to chronic diseases. Just as the major causes of morbidity and mortality have changed, so too has the understanding of health and what makes people healthy or ill. Research has documented the importance of the social determinants of health (for example, socioeconomic status and education) that affect health directly as well as through their impact on other health determinants such as risk factors. Targeting interventions toward the conditions associated with today's challenges to living a healthy life requires an increased emphasis on the factors that affect the current cause of morbidity and mortality, factors such as the social determinants of health. Many community-based prevention interventions target such conditions.\n\nCommunity-based prevention interventions offer three distinct strengths. First, because the intervention is implemented population-wide it is inclusive and not dependent on access to a health care system. Second, by directing strategies at an entire population an intervention can reach individuals at all levels of risk. And finally, some lifestyle and behavioral risk factors are shaped by conditions not under an individual's control. For example, encouraging an individual to eat healthy food when none is accessible undermines the potential for successful behavioral change. Community-based prevention interventions can be designed to affect environmental and social conditions that are out of the reach of clinical services.\n\nFour foundations - the California Endowment, the de Beaumont Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - asked the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop a framework for assessing the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, especially those targeting the prevention of long-term, chronic diseases. The charge to the committee was to define community-based, non-clinical prevention policy and wellness strategies; define the value for community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies; and analyze current frameworks used to assess the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, including the methodologies and measures used and the short- and long-term impacts of such prevention policy and wellness strategies on health care spending and public health. An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention summarizes the committee's findings.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13487/an-integrated-framework-for-assessing-the-value-of-community-based-prevention", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Planning", isbn = "978-0-309-08853-4", abstract = "The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for apparently healthy people. This volume is the second of two reports in the DRI series aimed at providing specific guidance on the appropriate uses of the DRIs. The first report provided guidance on appropriate methods for using DRIs in dietary assessment. This volume builds on the statistical foundations of the assessment report to provide specific guidance on how to use the appropriate DRIs in planning diets for individuals and for groups.\n \nDietary planning, whether for an individual or a group, involves developing a diet that is nutritionally adequate without being excessive. The planning goal for individuals is to achieve recommended and adequate nutrient intakes using food-based guides. For group planning, the report presents a new approach based on considering the entire distribution of usual nutrient intakes rather than focusing on the mean intake of the group. The report stresses that dietary planning using the DRIs is a cyclical activity that involves assessment, planning, implementation, and reassessment. \n\nNutrition and public health researchers, dietitians and nutritionists responsible for the education of the next generation of practitioners, and government professionals involved in the development and implementation of national diet and health assessments, public education efforts and food assistance programs will find this volume indispensable for setting intake goals for individuals and groups. \n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10609/dietary-reference-intakes-applications-in-dietary-planning", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate", isbn = "978-0-309-09169-5", abstract = "Dietary Reference Intakes\nfor Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate\nThe Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient\nintakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. This\nnew report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference values\nfor the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishes\nnutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenance\nand the reduction of chronic disease risk.\nDietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate\ndiscusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate in\nhuman physiology and health. The major findings in this book include the\nestablishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages,\nand food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment of\nTolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makes\nresearch recommendations for information needed to advance the understanding\nof human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as\nadverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water,\nsodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluable\nreference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10925/dietary-reference-intakes-for-water-potassium-sodium-chloride-and-sulfate", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Jennifer J. Otten and Jennifer Pitzi Hellwig and Linda D. Meyers", title = "Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements", isbn = "978-0-309-15742-1", abstract = "Widely regarded as the classic reference work for the nutrition, dietetic, and allied health professions since its introduction in 1943, Recommended Dietary Allowances has been the accepted source in nutrient allowances for healthy people. Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, in partnership with Health Canada, has updated what used to be known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and renamed their new approach to these guidelines Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).\nSince 1998, the Institute of Medicine has issued eight exhaustive volumes of DRIs that offer quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. Now, for the first time, all eight volumes are summarized in one easy-to-use reference volume, Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment. Organized by nutrient for ready use, this popular reference volume reviews the function of each nutrient in the human body, food sources, usual dietary intakes, and effects of deficiencies and excessive intakes. For each nutrient of food component, information includes:\n\n Estimated average requirement and its standard deviation by age and gender.\n Recommended dietary allowance, based on the estimated average requirement and deviation.\n Adequate intake level, where a recommended dietary allowance cannot be based on an estimated average requirement.\n Tolerable upper intake levels above which risk of toxicity would increase.\n Along with dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, this book presents recommendations for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk.\n\nAlso included is a \"Summary Table of Dietary Reference Intakes,\" an updated practical summary of the recommendations. In addition, Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment provides information about:\n\n Guiding principles for nutrition labeling and fortification\n Applications in dietary planning\n Proposed definition of dietary fiber\n A risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients\n Proposed definition and plan for review of dietary antioxidants and related compounds\n\nDietitians, community nutritionists, nutrition educators, nutritionists working in government agencies, and nutrition students at the postsecondary level, as well as other health professionals, will find Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Reference for Dietary Planning and Assessment an invaluable resource.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11537/dietary-reference-intakes-the-essential-guide-to-nutrient-requirements", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "", url = "", year = , publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "For the Public's Health: The Role of Measurement in Action and Accountability", isbn = "978-0-309-16127-5", abstract = "Despite having the costliest medical care delivery system in the world, Americans are not particularly healthy. Recent international comparisons show that life expectancy in the U.S. ranks 49th among all nations, and infant mortality rates are higher in the U.S. than in many far less affluent nations. While these statistics are alarming, the bigger problem is that we do not know how to reverse this trend. Our lack of knowledge is due in large part to significant inadequacies in the health system for gathering, analyzing, and communicating health information about the population. \nTo inform the public health community and all other sectors that contribute to population health, For the Public's Health: The Role of Measurement in Action and Accountability reviews current approaches for measuring the health of individuals and communities and creates a roadmap for future development. This book, the first of three in a series, focuses on data and measurement-not as ends in themselves, but rather tools to inform the myriad programs, policies, and processes developed or undertaken by governmental public health agencies and their many partners in the health system. \nFor the Public's Health seeks to reinstate the proper and evidence-based understanding of health as not merely the result of medical or clinical care but the result of the sum of what we do as a society to create the conditions in which people can be healthy. To achieve this goal, the book suggests changes in the processes, tools, and approaches used to gather information about health outcomes and their determinants. The book also recommends developing an integrated and coordinated system in which all parties-including governmental and private sector partners at all levels-have access to timely and meaningful data to help foster individual and community awareness and action.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13005/for-the-publics-health-the-role-of-measurement-in-action", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }