%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Fueling Innovation and Discovery: The Mathematical Sciences in the 21st Century %@ 978-0-309-25473-1 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13373/fueling-innovation-and-discovery-the-mathematical-sciences-in-the-21st %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13373/fueling-innovation-and-discovery-the-mathematical-sciences-in-the-21st %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Surveys and Statistics %P 64 %X The mathematical sciences are part of everyday life. Modern communication, transportation, science, engineering, technology, medicine, manufacturing, security, and finance all depend on the mathematical sciences. Fueling Innovation and Discovery describes recent advances in the mathematical sciences and advances enabled by mathematical sciences research. It is geared toward general readers who would like to know more about ongoing advances in the mathematical sciences and how these advances are changing our understanding of the world, creating new technologies, and transforming industries. Although the mathematical sciences are pervasive, they are often invoked without an explicit awareness of their presence. Prepared as part of the study on the Mathematical Sciences in 2025, a broad assessment of the current state of the mathematical sciences in the United States, Fueling Innovation and Discovery presents mathematical sciences advances in an engaging way. The report describes the contributions that mathematical sciences research has made to advance our understanding of the universe and the human genome. It also explores how the mathematical sciences are contributing to healthcare and national security, and the importance of mathematical knowledge and training to a range of industries, such as information technology and entertainment. Fueling Innovation and Discovery will be of use to policy makers, researchers, business leaders, students, and others interested in learning more about the deep connections between the mathematical sciences and every other aspect of the modern world. To function well in a technologically advanced society, every educated person should be familiar with multiple aspects of the mathematical sciences. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academy of Sciences %E Ackerman, Sandra %T Discovering the Brain %@ 978-0-309-46799-5 %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1785/discovering-the-brain %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1785/discovering-the-brain %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 194 %X The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brain—an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attention—and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniques—what various technologies can and cannot tell us—and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakers—and many scientists as well—with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain." %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Davis, Miriam %E Hanson, Sarah %E Altevogt, Bruce %T Neuroscience Biomarkers and Biosignatures: Converging Technologies, Emerging Partnerships: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10889-8 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11947/neuroscience-biomarkers-and-biosignatures-converging-technologies-emerging-partnerships-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11947/neuroscience-biomarkers-and-biosignatures-converging-technologies-emerging-partnerships-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 128 %X Biomarkers, or biological markers, are quantitative measurements that offer researchers and clinicians valuable insight into diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for many disorders and diseases. A major goal in neuroscience medical research is establishing biomarkers for disorders of the nervous system. Given the promising potential and necessity for neuroscience biomarkers, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a public workshop and released the workshop summary entitled Neuroscience Biomarkers and Biosignatures: Converging Technologies, Emerging Partnerships. The workshop brought together experts from multiple areas to discuss the most promising and practical arenas in neuroscience in which biomarkers will have the greatest impact. The main objective of the workshop was to identify and discuss biomarker targets that are not currently being aggressively pursued but that could have the greatest near-term impact on the rate at which new treatments are brought forward for psychiatric and neurological disorders. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Snair, Megan %T Children's Mental Health and the Life Course Model: A Virtual Workshop Series: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-68337-1 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25941/childrens-mental-health-and-the-life-course-model-a-virtual-workshop-series %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25941/childrens-mental-health-and-the-life-course-model-a-virtual-workshop-series %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 92 %X With rapidly rising rates of mental health disorders, changing patterns of occurrence, and increasing levels of morbidity, the need for a better understanding of the developmental origins and influence of mental health on children’s behavioral health outcomes has become critical. This need for better understanding extends to both the growing prevalence of mental health disorders as well as the role and impact of neurodevelopmental pathways in their onset and expression. Addressing these changes in disease patterns and effects on children and families will require a multifaceted approach that goes beyond simply making changes to clinical care or adding personnel to the health services system. New policies, financing, and implementation can put established best practices and numerous research findings from around the country into action. The Maternal and Child Health Life Course Intervention Research Network and the Forum for Children's Well-Being at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine jointly organized a webinar series to explore how mental health disorders develop over the life course, with a special emphasis on prenatal, early, middle, and later childhood development. This series centered on identifying gaps in our knowledge, exploring possible new strategies for using existing data to enhance understanding of the developmental origins of mental disorders, reviewing potential approaches to prevention and optimization, and proposing new ways of framing how to understand, address, and prevent these disorders from a life course development perspective. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the series. %0 Book %T Symposium on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration %D 1970 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18593/symposium-on-the-role-of-the-vestibular-organs-in-space-exploration %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18593/symposium-on-the-role-of-the-vestibular-organs-in-space-exploration %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 396 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Liverman, Catharyn T. %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %E Joy, Janet E. %E Johnson, Richard T. %T Spinal Cord Injury: Progress, Promise, and Priorities %@ 978-0-309-09585-3 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11253/spinal-cord-injury-progress-promise-and-priorities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11253/spinal-cord-injury-progress-promise-and-priorities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 360 %X An estimated 11,000 spinal cord injuries occur each year in the United States and more than 200,000 Americans suffer from maladies associated with spinal cord injury. This includes paralysis, bowel and bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, respiratory impairment, temperature regulation problems, and chronic pain. During the last two decades, longstanding beliefs about the inability of the adult central nervous system to heal itself have been eroded by the flood of new information from research in the neurosciences and related fields. However, there are still no cures and the challenge of restoring function in the wake of spinal cord injuries remains extremely complex. Spinal Cord Injury examines the future directions for research with the goal to accelerate the development of cures for spinal cord injuries. While many of the recommendations are framed within the context of the specific needs articulated by the New York Spinal Cord Injury Research Board, the Institute of Medicine’s panel of experts looked very broadly at research priorities relating to future directions for the field in general and make recommendations to strengthen and coordinate the existing infrastructure. Funders at federal and state agencies, academic organizations, pharmaceutical and device companies, and non-profit organizations will all find this book to be an essential resource as they examine their opportunities. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %T The Science of Adolescent Risk-Taking: Workshop Report %@ 978-0-309-15852-7 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12961/the-science-of-adolescent-risk-taking-workshop-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12961/the-science-of-adolescent-risk-taking-workshop-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 144 %X Adolescence is a time when youth make decisions, both good and bad, that have consequences for the rest of their lives. Some of these decisions put them at risk of lifelong health problems, injury, or death. The Institute of Medicine held three public workshops between 2008 and 2009 to provide a venue for researchers, health care providers, and community leaders to discuss strategies to improve adolescent health. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Consult, Inc AECOM %E Consulting, Inc Maier %E Associates, Peter Schauer %T Hazard and Security Plan Workshop: Instructor Guide %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13695/hazard-and-security-plan-workshop-instructor-guide %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13695/hazard-and-security-plan-workshop-instructor-guide %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 195 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 86: Public Transportation Security, Volume 10 -- Hazard and Security Plan Workshop: Instructor Guide is designed to assist rural, small urban, and community-based passenger transportation agencies in creating hazard and security plans or in evaluating and modifying existing plans, policies, and procedures consistent with the National Incident Management System.Appendices to the report (which are shipped on a CD bound into the printed report) are linked to below.Appendix A: Lession PlanAppendix B: Instructor PowerPoint Slides and NotesAppendix C: Agenda for ParticipantsAppendix D: Somewhere County Map for WorkshopAppendix E: Guide for Workshop ParticipantsAppendix F: The HSPAppendix G: The HSP Template InstructionsAppendix H: Evaluation FormThe TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security series assembles relevant information into single, concise volumes, each pertaining to a specific security problem and closely related issues. These volumes focus on the concerns that transit agencies are addressing when developing programs in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks that followed. Future volumes of the report will be issued as they are completed. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Pankevich, Diana E. %E Wizemann, Theresa %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %T Sex Differences and Implications for Translational Neuroscience Research: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-16124-4 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13004/sex-differences-and-implications-for-translational-neuroscience-research-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13004/sex-differences-and-implications-for-translational-neuroscience-research-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 110 %X Biological differences between the sexes influence not only individual health but also public health, biomedical research, and health care. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop March 8-9, 2010, to discuss sex differences and their implications for translational neuroscience research, which bridges the gap between scientific discovery and application. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Bonnie, Richard J. %E Backes, Emily P. %T The Promise of Adolescence: Realizing Opportunity for All Youth %@ 978-0-309-49008-5 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25388/the-promise-of-adolescence-realizing-opportunity-for-all-youth %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25388/the-promise-of-adolescence-realizing-opportunity-for-all-youth %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 492 %X Adolescence—beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20s—is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescence—rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish. %0 Book %E Perkowitz, Sidney %T Digital People: From Bionic Humans to Androids %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10738/digital-people-from-bionic-humans-to-androids %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10738/digital-people-from-bionic-humans-to-androids %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Explore Science %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 246 %X Robots, androids, and bionic people pervade popular culture, from classics like Frankenstein and R.U.R. to modern tales such as The Six Million Dollar Man, The Terminator, and A.I. Our fascination is obvious – and the technology is quickly moving from books and films to real life. In a lab at MIT, scientists and technicians have created an artificial being named COG. To watch COG interact with the environment – to recognize that this machine has actual body language – is to experience a hair-raising, gut-level reaction. Because just as we connect to artificial people in fiction, the merest hint of human-like action or appearance invariably engages us. Digital People examines the ways in which technology is inexorably driving us to a new and different level of humanity. As scientists draw on nanotechnology, molecular biology, artificial intelligence, and materials science, they are learning how to create beings that move, think, and look like people. Others are routinely using sophisticated surgical techniques to implant computer chips and drug-dispensing devices into our bodies, designing fully functional man-made body parts, and linking human brains with computers to make people healthier, smarter, and stronger. In short, we are going beyond what was once only science fiction to create bionic people with fully integrated artificial components – and it will not be long before we reach the ultimate goal of constructing a completely synthetic human-like being. It seems quintessentially human to look beyond our natural limitations. Science has long been the lens through which we squint to discern our future. Although we are rightfully fearful about manipulating the boundaries between animate and inanimate, the benefits are too great to ignore. This thoughtful and provocative book shows us just where technology is taking us, in directions both wonderful and terrible, to ponder what it means to be human. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Biographical Memoirs: Volume 79 %@ 978-0-309-07572-5 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10169/biographical-memoirs-volume-79 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10169/biographical-memoirs-volume-79 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biography and Autobiography %P 424 %X Biographic Memoirs: Volume 79 contains the biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their published works. Each biographical essay was written by a member of the Academy familiar with the professional career of the deceased. For historical and bibliographical purposes, these volumes are worth returning to time and again. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %E Striedter, Georg F. %E Avise, John C. %E Ayala, Francisco J. %T In the Light of Evolution: Volume VI: Brain and Behavior %@ 978-0-309-26175-3 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13462/in-the-light-of-evolution-volume-vi-brain-and-behavior %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13462/in-the-light-of-evolution-volume-vi-brain-and-behavior %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 430 %X The central goal of the In the Light of Evolution (ILE) series is to promote the evolutionary sciences through state-of-the-art colloquia--in the series of Arthur M. Sackler colloquia sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences--and their published proceedings. Each installment explores evolutionary perspectives on a particular biological topic that is scientifically intriguing but also has special relevance to contemporary societal issues or challenges. This book is the outgrowth of the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium "Brain and Behavior," which was sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences on January 20-21, 2012, at the Academy's Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center in Irvine, CA. It is the sixth in a series of Colloquia under the general title "In the Light of Evolution." Specifically, In Light of Evolution: Brain and Behavior focuses on the field of evolutionary neuroscience that now includes a vast array of different approaches, data types, and species. This volume is also available for purchase with the In the Light of Evolution six-volume set. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Olson, Steve %E Stroud, Clare %T Child Maltreatment Research, Policy, and Practice for the Next Decade: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-25442-7 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13368/child-maltreatment-research-policy-and-practice-for-the-next-decade %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13368/child-maltreatment-research-policy-and-practice-for-the-next-decade %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 218 %X In 1993 the National Research Council released its landmark report Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect (NRC, 1993). That report identified child maltreatment as a devastating social problem in American society. Nearly 20 years later, on January 30-31, 2012, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and NRC's Board on Children, Youth and Families help a workshop, Child Maltreatment Research, Policy, and Practice for the Next Generation, to review the accomplishments of the past two decades of research related to child maltreatment and the remaining gaps. "There have been many exciting research discoveries since the '93 report, but we also want people to be thinking about what is missing," said Anne Petersen, research professor at the Center for Human Growth and Development at the University of Michigan and chair of the panel that produced the report. Child Maltreatment Research, Policy, and Practice for the Next Decade: Workshop Summary covers the workshop that brought together many leading U.S. child maltreatment researchers for a day and a half of presentations and discussions. Presenters reviewed research accomplishments, identified gaps that remain in knowledge, and consider potential research priorities. Child Maltreatment Research, Policy, and Practice for the Next Decade: Workshop Summary also covers participant suggestions for future research priorities, policy actions, and practices that would enhance understanding of child maltreatment and efforts to reduce and respond to it. A background paper highlighting major research advances since the publication of the 1993 NRC report was prepared by an independent consultant to inform the workshop discussions. This summary is an essential resource for any workshop attendees, policy makers, researchers, educators, healthcare providers, parents, and advocacy groups. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Stroud, Clare %E Mainero, Tara %E Olson, Steve %T Improving the Health, Safety, and Well-Being of Young Adults: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-28562-9 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18340/improving-the-health-safety-and-well-being-of-young-adults %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18340/improving-the-health-safety-and-well-being-of-young-adults %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 202 %X Young adults are at a significant and pivotal time of life. They may seek higher education, launch their work lives, develop personal relationships and healthy habits, and pursue other endeavors that help set them on healthy and productive pathways. However, the transition to adulthood also can be a time of increased vulnerability and risk. Young adults may be unemployed and homeless, lack access to health care, suffer from mental health issues or other chronic health conditions, or engage in binge drinking, illicit drug use, or driving under the influence. Young adults are moving out of the services and systems that supported them as children and adolescents, but adult services and systems—for example, the adult health care system, the labor market, and the justice system—may not be well suited to supporting their needs. Improving the Health, Safety, and Well-Being of Young Adults is the summary of a workshop hosted by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the National Research Council (NRC) in May, 2013. More than 250 researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and young adults presented and discussed research on the development, health, safety, and well-being of young adults. This report focuses on the developmental characteristics and attributes of this age group and its placement in the life course; how well young adults function across relevant sectors, including, for example, health and mental health, education, labor, justice, military, and foster care; and how the various sectors that intersect with young adults influence their health and well-being. Improving the Health, Safety, and Well-Being of Young Adults provides an overview of existing research and identifies research gaps and issues that deserve more intensive study. It also is meant to start a conversation aimed at a larger IOM/NRC effort to guide research, practices, and policies affecting young adults. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Lustig, Tracy A. %E Olson, Steve %T Hearing Loss and Healthy Aging: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-30226-5 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18735/hearing-loss-and-healthy-aging-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18735/hearing-loss-and-healthy-aging-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 128 %X Being able to communicate is a cornerstone of healthy aging. People need to make themselves understood and to understand others to remain cognitively and socially engaged with families, friends, and other individuals. When they are unable to communicate, people with hearing impairments can become socially isolated, and social isolation can be an important driver of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Despite the critical importance of communication, many older adults have hearing loss that interferes with their social interactions and enjoyment of life. People may turn up the volume on their televisions or stereos, miss words in a conversation, go to fewer public places where it is difficult to hear, or worry about missing an alarm or notification. In other cases, hearing loss is much more severe, and people may retreat into a hard-to-reach shell. Yet fewer than one in seven older Americans with hearing loss use hearing aids, despite rapidly advancing technologies and innovative approaches to hearing health care. In addition, there may not be an adequate number of professionals trained to address the growing need for hearing health care for older adults. Further, Medicare does not cover routine hearing exams, hearing aids, or exams for fitting hearing aids, which can be prohibitively expensive for many older adults. Hearing Loss and Healthy Aging is the summary of a workshop convened by the Forum on Aging, Disability, and Independence in January 2014 on age-related hearing loss. Researchers, advocates, policy makers, entrepreneurs, regulators, and others discussed this pressing social and public health issue. This report examines the ways in which age-related hearing loss affects healthy aging, and how the spectrum of public and private stakeholders can work together to address hearing loss in older adults as a public health issue. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures %@ 978-0-309-45964-8 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24783/how-people-learn-ii-learners-contexts-and-cultures %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24783/how-people-learn-ii-learners-contexts-and-cultures %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 346 %X There are many reasons to be curious about the way people learn, and the past several decades have seen an explosion of research that has important implications for individual learning, schooling, workforce training, and policy. In 2000, How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition was published and its influence has been wide and deep. The report summarized insights on the nature of learning in school-aged children; described principles for the design of effective learning environments; and provided examples of how that could be implemented in the classroom. Since then, researchers have continued to investigate the nature of learning and have generated new findings related to the neurological processes involved in learning, individual and cultural variability related to learning, and educational technologies. In addition to expanding scientific understanding of the mechanisms of learning and how the brain adapts throughout the lifespan, there have been important discoveries about influences on learning, particularly sociocultural factors and the structure of learning environments. How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures provides a much-needed update incorporating insights gained from this research over the past decade. The book expands on the foundation laid out in the 2000 report and takes an in-depth look at the constellation of influences that affect individual learning. How People Learn II will become an indispensable resource to understand learning throughout the lifespan for educators of students and adults. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Opportunities in Neuroscience for Future Army Applications %@ 978-0-309-12740-0 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12500/opportunities-in-neuroscience-for-future-army-applications %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12500/opportunities-in-neuroscience-for-future-army-applications %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 136 %X Advances and major investments in the field of neuroscience can enhance traditional behavioral science approaches to training, learning, and other applications of value to the Army. Neural-behavioral indicators offer new ways to evaluate how well an individual trainee has assimilated mission critical knowledge and skills, and can also be used to provide feedback on the readiness of soldiers for combat. Current methods for matching individual capabilities with the requirements for performing high-value Army assignments do not include neuropsychological, psychophysiological, neurochemical or neurogenetic components; simple neuropsychological testing could greatly improve training success rates for these assignments. Opportunities in Neuroscience for Future Army Applications makes 17 recommendations that focus on utilizing current scientific research and development initiatives to improve performance and efficiency, collaborating with pharmaceutical companies to employ neuropharmaceuticals for general sustainment or enhancement of soldier performance, and improving cognitive and behavioral performance using interdisciplinary approaches and technological investments. An essential guide for the Army, this book will also be of interest to other branches of military, national security and intelligence agencies, academic and commercial researchers, pharmaceutical companies, and others interested in applying the rapid advances in neuroscience to the performance of individual and group tasks. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Graham, Robert %E Rivara, Frederick P. %E Ford, Morgan A. %E Spicer, Carol Mason %T Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture %@ 978-0-309-28800-2 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18377/sports-related-concussions-in-youth-improving-the-science-changing-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18377/sports-related-concussions-in-youth-improving-the-science-changing-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 356 %X In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Bain, Lisa %E Keren, Noam I. %E Norris, Sheena M. Posey %T Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46365-2 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24854/biomarkers-of-neuroinflammation-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24854/biomarkers-of-neuroinflammation-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 90 %X Neuroinflammation is a burgeoning area of interest in academia and biopharma, with a broadly acknowledged role in many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, there is little agreement on the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the manifestations of neuroinflammation in the CNS compartment and how neuroinflammation operates as a driver and also as a consequence of disease in the brain. Moreover, another unclear area is how to translate increased understanding of the mechanisms that underlie neuroinflammation and its manifestations in the CNS to therapeutics. To address these gaps in understanding mechanisms and how to translate that understanding into therapeutics, the Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on March 20-21, 2017, bringing together key leaders in the field from industry, academia, and governmental agencies to explore the role and mechanisms of neuroinflammation in a variety of CNS diseases. The workshop also considered strategies to advance the identification and validation of biomarkers of neuroinflammation that could accelerate development of therapies, bringing much-needed treatments to patients with disorders ranging from neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) to neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.