%0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %E Olson, Steve %T Global Technology: Changes and Implications: Summary of a Forum %@ 978-0-309-18504-2 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13073/global-technology-changes-and-implications-summary-of-a-forum %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13073/global-technology-changes-and-implications-summary-of-a-forum %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 46 %X Engineers know what they mean by the word technology. They mean the things engineers conceive, design, build, and deploy. But what does the word global in the phrase global technology mean? Does it mean finding a way to feed, clothe, house, and otherwise serve the 9 billion people who will soon live on the planet? Does it mean competing with companies around the world to build and sell products and services? On a more immediate and practical level, can the rise of global technology be expected to create or destroy U.S. jobs? The National Academy of Engineering held a three-hour forum exploring these and related questions. The forum brought together seven prominent members of the engineering community: Esko Aho, Executive Vice President of Corporate Relations and Responsibility, Nokia; former Prime Minister of Finland Bernard Amadei, Founder, Engineers Without Borders, Professor, University of Colorado John Seely Brown, Visiting Professor, University of Southern California; Former Chief Scientist of Xerox Corporation Ruth A. David, President and CEO of Analytic Services, Inc. Eric C. Haseltine, Consultant, former Associate Director for Science and Technology in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and former head of research and development at Disney Imagineering Nicholas Negroponte, Founder, One Laptop Per Child Association Inc., Founder and Chairman Emeritus of the MIT Media Lab Raymond S. Stata, Co-founder and Chairman of the Board, Analog Devices Inc. In the first half of the forum, each panelist explored a specific dimension of the global spread of technology. The topics varied widely—from reducing poverty to the impact of young people on technology to the need for systems thinking in engineering. But all seven presenters foresaw a world in which engineering will be fundamentally different from what it has been. In the second half of the forum, the panelists discussed a variety of issues raised by moderator Charles Vest and by forum attendees. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Whitacre, Paula %T Strengthening U.S. Science and Technology Leadership through Global Cooperation and Partnerships: Proceedings of a Workshop Series–in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26290/strengthening-us-science-and-technology-leadership-through-global-cooperation-and-partnerships %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26290/strengthening-us-science-and-technology-leadership-through-global-cooperation-and-partnerships %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 13 %X The U.S. innovation environment relies on complex and diverse cross-sector collaborations and multi-stakeholder coalitions, and international relationships are critical to this mix of partnerships. For decades, top students, researchers, and entrepreneurs from around the world have sought to come to the United States, drawn by a system that values innovation, creativity, and an open exchange of knowledge and talent. Prioritizing these values and partnerships has fostered U.S. science and technology leadership for decades. At the same time, countries are investing heavily in their own research and development capabilities, while U.S. federal spending has remained stagnant as a percent of gross domestic product. Economic and national security concerns have impacted some aspects of America's collaborative spirit and openness. In February and March 2021, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened its membership to examine the opportunities and challenges of global cooperation and partnerships in the pursuit of U.S. science and technology leadership. Over the two months, GUIRR hosted six virtual workshops on elements of U.S. science and technology policy related to international engagement and competition. Topics included challenges to U.S. science and technology leadership; the intersection of science, foreign policy, and development assistance; public-private partnerships to foster innovation; the value of international research collaboration; U.S. leadership in international standards bodies; and attracting and supporting international students and researchers in the United States. This document summarizes the presentations and discussions at the six workshops. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Avoiding Surprise in an Era of Global Technology Advances %@ 978-0-309-09605-8 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11286/avoiding-surprise-in-an-era-of-global-technology-advances %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11286/avoiding-surprise-in-an-era-of-global-technology-advances %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 138 %X The global spread of science and technology expertise and the growing commercial access to advanced technologies with possible military application are creating potentially serious threats to the technological superiority underpinning U.S. military strength. Key to dealing with this situation is the ability of the U.S. intelligence community to be able to provide adequate and effective warning of evolving, critical technologies. To assist in performing this task, the Technology Warning Division of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to undertake a study examining technology warning issues. This report provides the first part of that study. It presents an assessment of critical, evolving technologies; postulates ways potential adversaries could disrupt these technologies; and provides indicators for the intelligence community to determine if such methods are under development. The intention of this report is to establish the foundation for a long-term relationship with the technology warning community to support the examination of technology warning issues. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T A View of Global S&T Based on Activities of the Board on Global Science and Technology: Letter Report %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13309/a-view-of-global-st-based-on-activities-of-the-board-on-global-science-and-technology %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13309/a-view-of-global-st-based-on-activities-of-the-board-on-global-science-and-technology %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 39 %X This letter report describes the 2009-2011 activities of the Board on Global Science and Technology (BGST) and provides an initial characterization of the global science and technology landscape that the Board can use as a roadmap to develop future activities. BGST met five times between November 2009 and May 2011. Board meetings were devoted to (1) identifying national security implications of the globalization of S&T, (2) building a baseline understanding of current indicators for the U.S. posture with regard to the evolving global S&T landscape, and (3) developing a BGST engagement strategy. The letter portion of the report summarizes activities of the board in its first year, and also describes some existing approaches to identifying and/or benchmarking emerging technologies globally. It is followed by 5 appendixes which include three experimental examples of a qualitative approach to benchmarking, and brief descriptions of programs that are part of the National Academies complex, with which BGST has cooperated. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Taylor, Rachel M. %E Alper, Joe %T Using Technology to Advance Global Health: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46477-2 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24882/using-technology-to-advance-global-health-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24882/using-technology-to-advance-global-health-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 96 %X To explore how the use of technology can facilitate progress toward globally recognized health priorities, the Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety organized a public workshop. Participants identified and explored the major challenges and opportunities for developing and implementing digital health strategies within the global, country, and local context, and framed the case for cross-sector and cross-industry collaboration, engagement, and investment in digital health strategies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Beyond 'Fortress America': National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World %@ 978-0-309-13026-4 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12567/beyond-fortress-america-national-security-controls-on-science-and-technology %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12567/beyond-fortress-america-national-security-controls-on-science-and-technology %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 150 %X The national security controls that regulate access to and export of science and technology are broken. As currently structured, many of these controls undermine our national and homeland security and stifle American engagement in the global economy, and in science and technology. These unintended consequences arise from policies that were crafted for an earlier era. In the name of maintaining superiority, the U.S. now runs the risk of becoming less secure, less competitive and less prosperous. Beyond "Fortress America" provides an account of the costs associated with building walls that hamper our access to global science and technology that dampen our economic potential. The book also makes recommendations to reform the export control process, ensure scientific and technological competitiveness, and improve the non-immigrant visa system that regulates entry into the United States of foreign science and engineering students, scholars, and professionals. Beyond "Fortress America" contains vital information and action items for the President and policy makers that will affect the United States' ability to compete globally. Interested parties—including military personnel, engineers, scientists, professionals, industrialists, and scholars—will find this book a valuable tool for stemming a serious decline affecting broad areas of the nation's security and economy. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Wessner, Charles W. %T Understanding Research, Science and Technology Parks: Global Best Practices: Report of a Symposium %@ 978-0-309-13789-8 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12546/understanding-research-science-and-technology-parks-global-best-practices-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12546/understanding-research-science-and-technology-parks-global-best-practices-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Industry and Labor %P 214 %X Many nations are currently adopting a variety of directed strategies to launch and support research parks, often with significant financial commitments and policy support. By better understanding how research parks of other nations operate, we can seek to improve the scale and contributions of parks in the U.S. To that end, the National Academies convened an international conference on global best practices in research parks. This volume, a report of the conference, includes discussion of the diverse roles that research parks in both universities and laboratories play in national innovation systems. The presentations identify common challenges and demonstrate substantial differences in research park programs around the world. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Strategic Engagement in Global S&T: Opportunities for Defense Research %@ 978-0-309-30622-5 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18816/strategic-engagement-in-global-st-opportunities-for-defense-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18816/strategic-engagement-in-global-st-opportunities-for-defense-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 144 %X According to recent reports, the United States currently accounts for less than one-third of global research and development spending, and it is projected that this fraction will decline to 18% by 2050. These statistics, compounded by the recognition that the United States no longer maintains technological superiority across all research fields, highlight the need for the U.S. research community to stay abreast of emerging science and technology (S&T) around the world, to leverage others' investments, and to seek out collaborations in areas where researchers need to remain at the leading edge. The United States' Department of Defense (DoD) has long relied on its historical technological superiority to maintain military advantage. However, as the U.S. share of S&T output shrinks and as the U.S. defense research enterprise struggles to keep pace with the expanding challenges of the evolving security environment and the increased speed and cost of global technology development, the DoD must reexamine its strategy for maintaining awareness of emerging S&T developments occurring around the world. To fully leverage these advances and to make strategic research investments, the DoD must assess with whom and in which areas it should collaborate. To delve more deeply into the implications of the globalization of S&T and of international S&T engagement for the DoD, the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research , and the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology asked the National Research Council to assess current DoD strategies in the three Services - Army, Air Force, and Navy - for leveraging global S&T and for implementing and coordinating these strategies across the department. Strategic Engagement in Global S&T assesses the opportunities and challenges stemming from the globalization of S&T and the implications for the DoD and its Services. This report considers DoD strategies in the three Services for leveraging global S&T and implementation and coordination of these strategies across DoD. The report explores models for global Samp;T engagement utilized by other domestic and foreign organizations.Strategic Engagement in Global S&T assesses how the ongoing globalization of S&T may impact research funding and priorities and workforce needs, as well as issues of building and maintaining trusted relationships and avoiding technology surprises. This report will be of interest to researchers and industry professionals with expertise in the globalization of science and technology, international engagement, the defense research enterprise, program evaluation, and national security. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Whitacre, Paula %T Enhancing U.S. Science and Innovation with Novel Cross-Sector Partnerships: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26830/enhancing-us-science-and-innovation-with-novel-cross-sector-partnerships %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26830/enhancing-us-science-and-innovation-with-novel-cross-sector-partnerships %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 12 %X The Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was founded in 1984 to convene the senior-most representatives from government, universities, and industry to define and explore critical issues related to national and global science and technology issues. On June 28-29, 2022, GUIRR convened a workshop for its membership and invited guests to consider current and proposed cross-sector partnerships that enhance science and technology innovation, national security, and national prosperity, and to explore the motives, responsibilities, concerns, and objectives that bring institutions to the table to pursue and sustain partnerships. This publication highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %E Olson, Steve %T Engineering for Pandemics: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery: Proceedings of a Forum %@ 978-0-309-15046-0 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26093/engineering-for-pandemics-preparedness-response-and-recovery-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26093/engineering-for-pandemics-preparedness-response-and-recovery-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 48 %X The 2020 Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Engineering took place under the most unusual circumstances in the Academy's 56-year history. In January 2020 the first few cases of a respiratory illness caused by a newly identified coronavirus were reported in the United States. By March, COVID-19 had become a global pandemic. As soon as the first few cases were reported, engineers began working wiith scientists, medical professionals, and others in the public and private sector to address needs generated by the pandemic. They brought automation, process control, and artificial intelligence to the production of protective equipment, diagnostics, and therapeutics. They established robust supply chains of critical materials. They strengthened the communication technologies and platforms that allowed people to telework and keep in touch with friends and family members. The 2020 annual meeting was held virtually. The two main plenary presentations, delivered by David Walt, the Hansjörg Wyss Professor of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard Medical School, and Pam Cheng, executive vice president of global operations and information technology for AstraZeneca, focused on the critical role of engineers in responding to the epidemic. Similarly, the annual forum, held the next day and organized by NAE executive officer Al Romig, Jr., and a distinguished organizing committee, was entitled "Engineering for Pandemics: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery". The plenary and forum presentations, which are summarized in this volume, abundantly demonstrate the essential functions that engineers have performed in responding to the virus. They also reveal the lessons derived from engineering that must be absorbed to prepare effectively for future pandemics and for other disasters, expected and unexpected, that will certainly occur in the future. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Chiang, Ethan N. %E Wrightson, Patricia S. %T Intelligent Human-Machine Collaboration: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-26264-4 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13479/intelligent-human-machine-collaboration-summary-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13479/intelligent-human-machine-collaboration-summary-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Engineering and Technology %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 54 %X On June 12-14, 2012, the Board on Global Science and Technology held an international, multidisciplinary workshop in Washington, D.C., to explore the challenges and advances in intelligent human-machine collaboration (IH-MC), particularly as it applies to unstructured environments. This workshop convened researchers from a range of science and engineering disciplines, including robotics, human-robot and human-machine interaction, software agents and multi-agentsystems, cognitive sciences, and human-machine teamwork. Participants were drawn from research organizations in Australia, China, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The first day of the workshop participants worked to determine how advances in IH-MC over the next two to three years could be applied solving a variety of different real-world scenarios in dynamic unstructured environments, ranging from managing a natural disaster to improving small-lot agile manufacturing. On the second day of the workshop, participants organized into small groups for a deeper exploration of research topics that had arisen, discussion of common challenges, hoped-for breakthroughs, and the national, transnational, and global context in which this research occurs. Day three of the workshop consisted of small groups focusing on longer term research deliverables, as well as identifying challenges and opportunities from different disciplinary and cultural perspectives. In addition, ten participants gave presentations on their research, ranging from human-robot communication, to disaster response robots, to human-in-the-loop control of robot systems. Intelligent Human-Machine Collaboration: Summary of a Workshop describes in detail the discussions and happenings of the three day workshop. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Johnson, Anne Frances %T Materials Science and Engineering in a Post-Pandemic World: A DoD Perspective: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-08313-3 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26226/materials-science-and-engineering-in-a-post-pandemic-world-a-dod-perspective %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26226/materials-science-and-engineering-in-a-post-pandemic-world-a-dod-perspective %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 102 %X Advances in materials science and engineering play a crucial role in supporting the U.S. economy and national security. To maintain its leading edge in the field, the United States relies on a rich and diverse innovation ecosystem encompassing industry, academic institutions, and government laboratories. While this ecosystem has generated numerous gains for defense agencies, the technology sector, consumers, and the country as a whole over many decades, recent years have brought new challenges and a shifting global dynamic in the field. The United States, long a global magnet for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education and expertise, has seen its competitive edge slip as other countries in Europe and Asia have increased their investments in cultivating science and engineering talent and innovation. In 2020, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused far-reaching disruptions for both education and supply chains across the world, compounding many of the dynamics that were already affecting materials science and engineering in the United States. To explore these issues, the Workshop on Materials Science and Engineering in a Post-Pandemic World was organized as part of a workshop series on Defense Materials Manufacturing and Its Infrastructure. Hosted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the virtual event brought together approximately 30 speakers and attendees representing materials science, engineering, and manufacturing experts from industry, academia, and government agencies. The 3-day workshop explored education and workforce trends across the nation and the globe, with particular focus on the U.S. Department of Defense and university-government collaborations. Participants discussed how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected science and engineering education, opportunities to reimagine traditional education for the field, and the imperative to develop a more diverse workforce. Several speakers presented their views on what the post-pandemic future may hold, and many offered perspectives on key concerns and priorities for the field moving forward. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Day, Dwayne %T Globalization of Defense Materials and Manufacturing: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-47546-4 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25101/globalization-of-defense-materials-and-manufacturing-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25101/globalization-of-defense-materials-and-manufacturing-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 120 %X Emerging economies, social and political transitions, and new ways of doing business are changing the world dramatically. To be the leader in this competitive climate, a defense manufacturing enterprise will require up-to-date capabilities, which include improvements in materials processing, among other things. Also, national and international efforts to mitigate environmentally harmful effects of industrial processes and to improve decision making for handling and disposing of industrial contaminants adds additional requirements for any future efforts. The objective of retaining high-value materials-related manufacturing as a key national competitive capability implies a number of factors. The value of specific manufacturing capabilities could be defined not only in terms of criticality to defense systems but also in relation to technology and knowledge content, importance as a supplier to other industries, and importance to U.S. exports. Requested by Department of Defense (DoD) communities, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in March 2015 to further explore materials and manufacturing processes. The participants explored changes in the global R&D landscape, technology awareness mechanisms—both DoD’s mechanisms and other models—and collaboration models and issues in R&D. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security %@ 978-0-309-26235-4 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13472/the-new-global-ecosystem-in-advanced-computing-implications-for-us %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13472/the-new-global-ecosystem-in-advanced-computing-implications-for-us %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Industry and Labor %P 116 %X Computing and information and communications technology (ICT) has dramatically changed how we work and live, has had profound effects on nearly every sector of society, has transformed whole industries, and is a key component of U.S. global leadership. A fundamental driver of advances in computing and ICT has been the fact that the single-processor performance has, until recently, been steadily and dramatically increasing year over years, based on a combination of architectural techniques, semiconductor advances, and software improvements. Users, developers, and innovators were able to depend on those increases, translating that performance into numerous technological innovations and creating successive generations of ever more rich and diverse products, software services, and applications that had profound effects across all sectors of society. However, we can no longer depend on those extraordinary advances in single-processor performance continuing. This slowdown in the growth of single-processor computing performance has its roots in fundamental physics and engineering constraints--multiple technological barriers have converged to pose deep research challenges, and the consequences of this shift are deep and profound for computing and for the sectors of the economy that depend on and assume, implicitly or explicitly, ever-increasing performance. From a technology standpoint, these challenges have led to heterogeneous multicore chips and a shift to alternate innovation axes that include, but are not limited to, improving chip performance, mobile devices, and cloud services. As these technical shifts reshape the computing industry, with global consequences, the United States must be prepared to exploit new opportunities and to deal with technical challenges. The New Global Ecosystem in Advanced Computing: Implications for U.S. Competitiveness and National Security outlines the technical challenges, describe the global research landscape, and explore implications for competition and national security. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Complex Operational Decision Making in Networked Systems of Humans and Machines: A Multidisciplinary Approach %@ 978-0-309-30770-3 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18844/complex-operational-decision-making-in-networked-systems-of-humans-and-machines %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18844/complex-operational-decision-making-in-networked-systems-of-humans-and-machines %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 102 %X Over the last two decades, computers have become omnipresent in daily life. Their increased power and accessibility have enabled the accumulation, organization, and analysis of massive amounts of data. These data, in turn, have been transformed into practical knowledge that can be applied to simple and complex decision making alike. In many of today's activities, decision making is no longer an exclusively human endeavor. In both virtual and real ways, technology has vastly extended people's range of movement, speed and access to massive amounts of data. Consequently, the scope of complex decisions that human beings are capable of making has greatly expanded. At the same time, some of these technologies have also complicated the decision making process. The potential for changes to complex decision making is particularly significant now, as advances in software, memory storage and access to large amounts of multimodal data have dramatically increased. Increasingly, our decision making process integrates input from human judgment, computing results and assistance, and networks. Human beings do not have the ability to analyze the vast quantities of computer-generated or -mediated data that are now available. How might humans and computers team up to turn data into reliable (and when necessary, speedy) decisions? Complex Operational Decision Making in Networked Systems of Humans and Machines explores the possibilities for better decision making through collaboration between humans and computers. This study is situated around the essence of decision making; the vast amounts of data that have become available as the basis for complex decision making; and the nature of collaboration that is possible between humans and machines in the process of making complex decisions. This report discusses the research goals and relevant milestones in several enabling subfields as they relate to enhanced human-machine collaboration for complex decision making; the relevant impediments and systems-integration challenges that are preventing technological breakthroughs in these subfields; and a sense of the research that is occurring in university, government and industrial labs outside of the United States, and the implications of this research for U.S. policy. The development of human-machine collaboration for complex decision making is still in its infancy relative to where cross-disciplinary research could take it over the next generation. Complex Operational Decision Making explores challenges to progress, impediments to achieving technological breakthroughs, opportunities, and key research goals. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Advanced Technologies for Gas Turbines %@ 978-0-309-66422-6 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25630/advanced-technologies-for-gas-turbines %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25630/advanced-technologies-for-gas-turbines %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 136 %X Leadership in gas turbine technologies is of continuing importance as the value of gas turbine production is projected to grow substantially by 2030 and beyond. Power generation, aviation, and the oil and gas industries rely on advanced technologies for gas turbines. Market trends including world demographics, energy security and resilience, decarbonization, and customer profiles are rapidly changing and influencing the future of these industries and gas turbine technologies. Technology trends that define the technological environment in which gas turbine research and development will take place are also changing - including inexpensive, large scale computational capabilities, highly autonomous systems, additive manufacturing, and cybersecurity. It is important to evaluate how these changes influence the gas turbine industry and how to manage these changes moving forward. Advanced Technologies for Gas Turbines identifies high-priority opportunities for improving and creating advanced technologies that can be introduced into the design and manufacture of gas turbines to enhance their performance. The goals of this report are to assess the 2030 gas turbine global landscape via analysis of global leadership, market trends, and technology trends that impact gas turbine applications, develop a prioritization process, define high-priority research goals, identify high-priority research areas and topics to achieve the specified goals, and direct future research. Findings and recommendations from this report are important in guiding research within the gas turbine industry and advancing electrical power generation, commercial and military aviation, and oil and gas production. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies—Report 2 %@ 978-0-309-14904-4 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12834/persistent-forecasting-of-disruptive-technologies-report-2 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12834/persistent-forecasting-of-disruptive-technologies-report-2 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 341 %X The term "disruptive technology" describes a technology that results in a sudden change affecting already established technologies or markets. Disruptive technologies cause one or more discontinuities in the normal evolutionary life cycle of technology. This may lead to an unexpected destabilization of an older technology order and an opportunity for new competitors to displace incumbents. Frequently cited examples include digital photography and desktop publishing. The first report of the series, Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies, discussed how technology forecasts were historically made, assessed various existing forecasting systems, and identified desirable attributes of a next-generation persistent long-term forecasting system for disruptive technologies. This second book attempts to sketch out high-level forecasting system designs. In addition, the book provides further evaluation of the system attributes defined in the first report, and evidence of the feasibility of creating a system with those attributes. Together, the reports are intended to help the Department of Defense and the intelligence community identify and develop a forecasting system that will assist in detecting and tracking global technology trends, producing persistent long-term forecasts of disruptive technologies, and characterizing their potential impact on future U.S. warfighting and homeland defense capabilities. %0 Book %T %D %U %> %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Protecting U.S. Technological Advantage %@ 978-0-309-69130-7 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26647/protecting-us-technological-advantage %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26647/protecting-us-technological-advantage %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 144 %X U.S. leadership in technology innovation is central to our nation’s interests, including its security, economic prosperity, and quality of life. Our nation has created a science and technology ecosystem that fosters innovation, risk taking, and the discovery of new ideas that lead to new technologies through robust collaborations across and within academia, industry, and government, and our research and development enterprise has attracted the best and brightest scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs from around the world. The quality and openness of our research enterprise have been the basis of our global leadership in technological innovation, which has brought enormous advantages to our national interests. In today’s rapidly changing landscapes of technology and competition, however, the assumption that the United States will continue to hold a dominant competitive position by depending primarily on its historical approach of identifying specific and narrow technology areas requiring controls or restrictions is not valid. Further challenging that approach is the proliferation of highly integrated and globally shared platforms that power and enable most modern technology applications. To review the protection of technologies that have strategic importance for national security in an era of openness and competition, Protecting U.S. Technological Advantage considers policies and practices related to the production and commercialization of research in domains critical to national security. This report makes recommendations for changes to technology protection policies and practices that reflect the current realities of how technologies are developed and incorporated into new products and processes.