@BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Oil in the Sea IV: Quick Guide for Practitioners and Researchers", abstract = "This booklet provides key insights from Oil in the Sea IV: Inputs, Fates, and Effects, published in 2022, which benefited from significant advancements in scientific methods to detect the input and fates of oil in the sea, and from lessons learned from the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill in 2010. Going beyond previous reports, Oil in the Sea IV includes analysis of human health impacts of oil in the sea, oil in the Arctic marine environment, and prevention and response efforts that can help to both reduce the amount of oil reaching the sea and minimize its effects. The booklet is meant to serve as a reference guide to all those involved in oil spill research and response.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27155/oil-in-the-sea-iv-quick-guide-for-practitioners-and", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Sciences", title = "Toward a New Era of Data Sharing: Summary of the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data", abstract = "Data are at the forefront of efforts to solve many of today's greatest problems, including climate change, misinformation and disinformation, the threat of future global pandemics, and the quest by people everywhere to lead better lives. But if researchers are going to use data to contribute to the solutions of problems, data need to be available for them to use. Over time, data have become increasingly voluminous, complex, and heterogeneous. Massive volumes of data are being generated by new devices and methods, and many of these data are not easy to analyze, interpret, or share. Groups that generate data may be reluctant to share them for a variety of professional, personal, financial, regulatory, and statutory reasons.These issues were addressed during the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data held in Washington, DC, on September 12\u201313, 2023. Organized by the National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society, the forum examined the constellation of issues surrounding researchers' access to data, best practices and lessons learned from exemplary research disciplines, and new ideas and techniques that could drive research forward. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the forum.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27520/toward-a-new-era-of-data-sharing-summary-of-the", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Brent L. Rosenblad, Andrew Z. Boeckmann, University of Missouri", title = "Advancements in Use of Geophysical Methods for Transportation Projects", abstract = "Geophysical methods provide a means to rapidly and economically characterize subsurface conditions and infer soil properties over a spatial extent that is not possible with conventional methods.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 547: Advancements in Use of Geophysical Methods for Transportation Projects evaluates the current state of practice in the use of geophysical methods by state transportation agencies.Challenges and obstacles remain that must be overcome if routine implementation of geophysical methods for transportation projects is to be realized. Uncertainties associated with insufficient or poor site characterization can lead to overly conservative designs, increased risk of poor performance, cost increases attributable to changed conditions, and project delays.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25809/advancements-in-use-of-geophysical-methods-for-transportation-projects", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Ronald Daniels and Lida Beninson", title = "The Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers: Breaking Through", isbn = "978-0-309-47137-4", abstract = "Since the end of the Second World War, the United States has developed the world's preeminent system for biomedical research, one that has given rise to revolutionary medical advances as well as a dynamic and innovative business sector generating high-quality jobs and powering economic output and exports for the U.S. economy. However, there is a growing concern that the biomedical research enterprise is beset by several core challenges that undercut its vitality, promise, and productivity and that could diminish its critical role in the nation's health and innovation in the biomedical industry.\nAmong the most salient of these challenges is the gulf between the burgeoning number of scientists qualified to participate in this system as academic researchers and the elusive opportunities to establish long-term research careers in academia. The patchwork of measures to address the challenges facing young scientists that has emerged over the years has allowed the U.S. biomedical enterprise to continue to make significant scientific and medical advances. These measures, however, have not resolved the structural vulnerabilities in the system, and in some cases come at a great opportunity cost for young scientists. These unresolved issues could diminish the nation's ability to recruit the best minds from all sectors of the U.S. population to careers in biomedical research and raise concerns about a system that may favor increasingly conservative research proposals over high-risk, innovative ideas.\nThe Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers: Breaking Through evaluates the factors that influence transitions into independent research careers in the biomedical and behavioral sciences and offers recommendations to improve those transitions. These recommendations chart a path to a biomedical research enterprise that is competitive, rigorous, fair, dynamic, and can attract the best minds from across the country.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25008/the-next-generation-of-biomedical-and-behavioral-sciences-researchers-breaking", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "", url = "", year = , publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Issues for Science and Engineering Researchers in the Digital Age", isbn = "978-0-309-07417-9", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10100/issues-for-science-and-engineering-researchers-in-the-digital-age", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Review of NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center", isbn = "978-0-309-08911-1", abstract = "The report reviews the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) and assesses how well the center is managing its holdings, serving its users, and supporting NOAA's mission. It concludes that NGDC is the natural place within NOAA and the nation for stewardship and dissemination of data related to the solid Earth and space environment. These subject areas are also relevant to NOAA\u2019s new priority on integrated environmental approaches. For NGDC to fulfill its potential, however, it must first rearticulate its mission and overcome some solvable problems, including obtaining effective feedback from its users and organizing the center to eliminate parallel activities and reduce scientific isolation among the divisions. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10773/review-of-noaas-national-geophysical-data-center", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Enhancing NASA's Contributions to Polar Science: A Review of Polar Geophysical Data Sets", isbn = "978-0-309-07401-8", abstract = "The high latitudes of the Arctic and Antarctic, together with some mountainous areas with glaciers and long-lasting snow, are sometimes called the cryosphere-defined as that portion of the planet where water is perennially or seasonally frozen as sea ice, snow cover, permafrost, ice sheets, and glaciers. Variations in the extent and characteristics of surface ice and snow in the high latitudes are of fundamental importance to global climate because of the amount of the sun's radiation that is reflected from these often white surfaces. Thus, the cryosphere is an important frontier for scientists seeking to understand past climate events, current weather, and climate variability. Obtaining the data necessary for such research requires the capability to observe and measure a variety of characteristics and processes exhibited by major ice sheets and large-scale patterns of snow and sea ice extent, and much of these data are gathered using satellites.As part of its efforts to better support the researchers studying the cryosphere and climate, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-using sophisticated satellite technology-measures a range of variables from atmospheric temperature, cloud properties, and aerosol concentration to ice sheet elevation, snow cover on land, and ocean salinity. These raw data are compiled and processed into products, or data sets, useful to scientists. These so-called \"polar geophysical data sets\" can then be studied and interpreted to answer questions related to atmosphere and climate, ice sheets, terrestrial systems, sea ice, ocean processes, and many other phenomena in the cryosphere. The goal of this report is to provide a brief review of the strategy, scope, and quality of existing polar geophysical data sets and help NASA find ways to make these products and future polar data sets more useful to researchers, especially those working on the global change questions that lie at the heart of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10083/enhancing-nasas-contributions-to-polar-science-a-review-of-polar", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Robert Pool and Kara Laney", title = "Exploring a Dynamic Soil Information System: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-49167-9", abstract = "As a living substrate, soil is critical to the function of Earth's geophysical and chemical properties. Soil also plays a major role in several human activities, including farming, forestry, and environmental remediation. Optimizing those activities requires a clear understanding of different soils, their function, their composition and structure, and how they change over time and from place to place. Although the importance of soil to Earth's biogeochemical cycles and to human activities is recognized, the current systems in place for monitoring soil properties - including physical, chemical, and, biological characteristics - along with measures of soil loss through erosion, do not provide an accurate picture of changes in the soil resource over time. Such an understanding can only be developed by collecting comprehensive data about soils and the various factors that influence them in a way that can be updated regularly and made available to researchers and others who wish to understand soils and make decisions based on those data.\nThe National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened key stakeholders in a workshop on March 2-4, 2021, to discuss the development of a dynamic soil information system. Workshop discussions explored possiblities to dynamically and accurately monitor soil resources nationally with the mutually supporting goals of (1) achieving a better understanding of causal influences on observed changes in soil and interactions of soil cycling of nutrients and gases with earth processes, and (2) providing accessible, useful, and actionable information to land managers and others. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26170/exploring-a-dynamic-soil-information-system-proceedings-of-a-workshop", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Gary N. Young and Colin M. Kennedy and Jim Anspach and Ross Jones and Thomas Owen and John Clark and Dean Keiswetter and Erez Allouche and Neven Simicevic and Mark Baker", title = "Utility-Locating Technology Development Using Multisensor Platforms", abstract = "TRB\u2019s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-R01B-RW-1: Utility-Locating Technology Development Using Multisensor Platforms documents the development of multisensor technologies and geophysical software as applied in underground utility detection and location.SHRP 2 Renewal Projects R01B and R01C developed a report about the testing of the geophysical tools developed in the R01B and R01C projects.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22274/utility-locating-technology-development-using-multisensor-platforms", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Use of Geophysics for Transportation Projects", abstract = "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 357: Use of Geophysics for Transportation Projects examines the state of the practice regarding the use of geophysics for transportation projects. The report focuses on who is using geophysics and why, which methods and applications are the most commonly used, the use of in-house expertise compared with contracting private consultants, and how geophysical service contracts are procured and implemented.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13941/use-of-geophysics-for-transportation-projects", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Jennifer Saunders", title = "Preserving and Developing Ukraine's Human Capital in Research, Education, and Innovation: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "The February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has devastated the country, resulting in mass casualties, destruction of facilities and infrastructure, and significant internal and external migration. The invasion also ravaged science and technology sectors, not only in terms of damaging physical facilities and institutions, but also by displacing scientists and creating challenging conditions that researchers who remain in Ukraine must face to continue their work. Because scientific and technological advances will drive many future national security and economic growth decisions, it is critical to strengthen and rebuild its capacity to establish and maintain a robust science and innovation system that supports basic and applied research, trains the next generation of scientists and engineers, and provides mechanisms for science and technology decision-making and advice to Ukrainian policymakers.\nIn support of this effort, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on June 5, 21, and 28, 2023, on how to establish flexible, impactful, and sustainable programs, both today and in the future, to support the Ukrainian research community. During the workshop, speakers shared best approaches to strengthening and developing human capital needed to manage a modern research and innovation system. Participants also discussed efforts to provide funding or develop scientific collaboration in support of researchers. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27417/preserving-and-developing-ukraines-human-capital-in-research-education-and-innovation", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Thomas Arrison and Jennifer Saunders and Emi Kameyama", title = "Data in Motion: New Approaches to Advancing Scientific, Engineering and Medical Progress: Proceedings of a Workshop--in Brief", abstract = "The movement toward open science, data sharing, and increased transparency is being propelled by the need to\nrapidly address critical scientific challenges, such as the global COVID-19 public health crisis. This movement\nhas supported growth in fields, such as artificial intelligence (AI), which has demonstrated potential to accelerate science, engineering, and medicine in new and exciting ways. To further advance innovation around these new approaches, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Research Data and Information convened a public virtual workshop on October 14-15, 2020, to address how researchers in different domains are utilizing data that undergo repeated processing, often in real-time, to accelerate scientific discovery. Although these topics were not originally part of the workshop, the impact of COVID-19 prompted the planning committee to add sessions on early career researchers' perspectives, as well as rapid review and publishing activities as a result of the pandemic.\nParticipants also explored the advances needed to enable future progress in areas such as AI, cyberinfrastructure, standards, and policies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26203/data-in-motion-new-approaches-to-advancing-scientific-engineering-and-medical-progress", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Trivellore Raghunathan and Bradford Chaney", title = "A Roadmap for Disclosure Avoidance in the Survey of Income and Program Participation", isbn = "978-0-309-70710-7", abstract = "The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is one of the U.S. Census Bureau\u2019s major surveys with features making it a uniquely valuable resource for researchers and policy analysts. However, the Census Bureau faces the challenge of protecting the confidentiality of survey respondents which has become increasingly difficult because numerous databases exist with personal identifying information that collectively contain data on household finances, home values, purchasing behavior, and other SIPP-relevant characteristics.\nA Roadmap for Disclosure Avoidance in the Survey of Income and Program Participation addresses these issues and how to make data from SIPP available to researchers and policymakers while protecting the confidentiality of survey respondents. The report considers factors such as evolving privacy risks, development of new methods for protecting privacy, the nature of the data collected through SIPP, the practice of linking SIPP data with administrative data, the types of data products produced, and the desire to provide timely access to SIPP data. The report seeks to balance minimizing the risk of disclosure against allowing researchers and policymakers to have timely access to data that support valid inferences.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27169/a-roadmap-for-disclosure-avoidance-in-the-survey-of-income-and-program-participation", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Paula Whitacre", title = "Strengthening U.S. Science and Technology Leadership through Global Cooperation and Partnerships: Proceedings of a Workshop Series–in Brief", abstract = "The U.S. innovation environment relies on complex and diverse cross-sector collaborations and multi-stakeholder coalitions, and international relationships are critical to this mix of partnerships. For decades, top students, researchers, and entrepreneurs from around the world have sought to come to the United States, drawn by a system that values innovation, creativity, and an open exchange of knowledge and talent. Prioritizing these values and partnerships has fostered U.S. science and technology leadership for decades. At the same time, countries are investing heavily in their own research and development capabilities, while U.S. federal spending has remained stagnant as a percent of gross domestic product. Economic and national security concerns have impacted some aspects of America's collaborative spirit and openness.\nIn February and March 2021, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened its membership to examine the opportunities and challenges of global cooperation and partnerships in the pursuit of U.S. science and technology leadership. Over the two months, GUIRR hosted six virtual workshops on elements of U.S. science and technology policy related to international engagement and competition. Topics included challenges to U.S. science and technology leadership; the intersection of science, foreign policy, and development assistance; public-private partnerships to foster innovation; the value of international research collaboration; U.S. leadership in international standards bodies; and attracting and supporting international students and researchers in the United States. This document summarizes the presentations and discussions at the six workshops.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26290/strengthening-us-science-and-technology-leadership-through-global-cooperation-and-partnerships", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Arctic Ice: A Visual Archive: A unique collaboration among Cy Keener, Justine Holzman, Ignatius Rigor, and John Woods", abstract = "From September 15, 2022, through February 15, 2023, Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences presented the exhibition Arctic Ice: A Visual Archive. It featured two new bodies of work - Iceberg Portraiture and Sea Ice Daily Drawings - integrating field data, remote satellite imagery, scientific analysis, and multimedia visual representation to document Arctic ice that is disappearing due to climate change. The work was the outcome of a four-year collaboration spanning art, design, and polar science between artist Cy Keener, landscape researcher Justine Holzman, climatologist Ignatius Rigor, and scientist John Woods. With this work, the collaborators goal is to make scientific data tangible, visceral, and experiential. Much of what researchers know about the oceans and about sea ice has been gained through environmental modeling devices, deployed at different times in different locations. When combined, this data becomes the substance of complex and ever-evolving scientific research. This exhibition provides a small window into the datasets that compose climate science. This publication is a documentation of the exhibition and features an essay by Ignatius Rigor and an interview with Cy Keener and Justine Holzman.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26948/arctic-ice-a-visual-archive-a-unique-collaboration-among-cy", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022", isbn = "978-0-309-22464-2", abstract = "In recent years, planetary science has seen a tremendous growth in new knowledge. Deposits of water ice exist at the Moon's poles. Discoveries on the surface of Mars point to an early warm wet climate, and perhaps conditions under which life could have emerged. Liquid methane rain falls on Saturn's moon Titan, creating rivers, lakes, and geologic landscapes with uncanny resemblances to Earth's. \n\nVision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 surveys the current state of knowledge of the solar system and recommends a suite of planetary science flagship missions for the decade 2013-2022 that could provide a steady stream of important new discoveries about the solar system. Research priorities defined in the report were selected through a rigorous review that included input from five expert panels. NASA's highest priority large mission should be the Mars Astrobiology Explorer Cacher (MAX-C), a mission to Mars that could help determine whether the planet ever supported life and could also help answer questions about its geologic and climatic history. Other projects should include a mission to Jupiter's icy moon Europa and its subsurface ocean, and the Uranus Orbiter and Probe mission to investigate that planet's interior structure, atmosphere, and composition. For medium-size missions, Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 recommends that NASA select two new missions to be included in its New Frontiers program, which explores the solar system with frequent, mid-size spacecraft missions. If NASA cannot stay within budget for any of these proposed flagship projects, it should focus on smaller, less expensive missions first.\n\nVision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 suggests that the National Science Foundation expand its funding for existing laboratories and establish new facilities as needed. It also recommends that the program enlist the participation of international partners. This report is a vital resource for government agencies supporting space science, the planetary science community, and the public.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13117/vision-and-voyages-for-planetary-science-in-the-decade-2013-2022", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Lisa Bain and Sheena M. Posey Norris and Clare Stroud", title = "Re-envisioning Postdoctoral Training in Neuroscience: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "Originally viewed as a few years of apprenticeship and an opportunity to prepare for an independent research career, postdoctoral training has progressed to a state of limbo for some researchers, with longer training durations; uncertain career prospects; and variability in the training, mentoring, and professional status across the neuroscience ecosystem. These challenges have been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a high level of uncertainty and stress for many postdoctoral researchers.\nTo highlight these challenges and explore opportunities for modernizing postdoctoral training, the Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a virtual workshop on February 16, 2021, titled Re-envisioning Postdoctoral Training in Neuroscience. This was the fourth workshop in a series, originating from the Forum's Action Collaborative on Neuroscience Training: Developing a Nimble and Versatile Workforce, designed to illuminate critical issues and catalyze a reconsideration of how neuroscience training could be designed to meet current and future workforce needs across multiple sectors. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the discussions that occurred at the workshop. \n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26169/re-envisioning-postdoctoral-training-in-neuroscience-proceedings-of-a-workshop", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Robert M. Kaplan and Alexandra S. Beatty", title = "Ontologies in the Behavioral Sciences: Accelerating Research and the Spread of Knowledge", isbn = "978-0-309-27731-0", abstract = "New research in psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and other fields is published every day, but the gap between what is known and the capacity to act on that knowledge has never been larger. Scholars and nonscholars alike face the problem of how to organize knowledge and to integrate new observations with what is already known. Ontologies - formal, explicit specifications of the meaning of the concepts and entities that scientists study - provide a way to address these and other challenges, and thus to accelerate progress in behavioral research and its application.\nOntologies help researchers precisely define behavioral phenomena and how they relate to each other and reliably classify them. They help researchers identify the inconsistent use of definitions, labels, and measures and provide the basis for sharing knowledge across diverse approaches and methodologies. Although ontologies are an ancient idea, modern researchers rely on them to codify research terms and findings in computer-readable formats and work with large datasets and computer-based analytic techniques.\nOntologies in the Behavioral Sciences: Accelerating Research and the Spread of Knowledge describes how ontologies support science and its application to real-world problems. This report details how ontologies function, how they can be engineered to better support the behavioral sciences, and the resources needed to sustain their development and use to help ensure the maximum benefit from investment in behavioral science research. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26464/ontologies-in-the-behavioral-sciences-accelerating-research-and-the-spread", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Glenn J. Rix and Njoroge Wainaina and Ali Ebrahimi and Robert C. Bachus and Maria Limas and Rodolfo Sancio and Brooke Fait and Paul W. Mayne", title = "Manual on Subsurface Investigations", abstract = "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 258: Manual on Subsurface Investigations provides an update to the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) 1988 manual of the same name. This report reflects the changes in the approaches and methods used for geotechnical site characterization that the geotechnical community has developed and adopted in the past thirty years. The updated manual provides information and guidelines for planning and executing a geotechnical site investigation program. It may also be used to develop a ground model for planning, design, construction, and asset management phases of a project.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25379/manual-on-subsurface-investigations", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }