TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies: Spanish Version DO - 10.17226/26456 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26456/radioactive-sources-applications-and-alternative-technologies-spanish-version PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies assesses the status of medical, research, sterilization, and other commercial applications of radioactive sources and alternative (nonradioisotopic) technologies in the United States and internationally. Focusing on Category 1, 2, and 3 sources, this report reviews the current state of these sources by application and reviews the current state of existing technologies on the market or under development that are or could be used to replace radioisotopic technologies in those applications. Radioactive Sources will support existing and future activities under the National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Radiological Security program to reduce the use of high-risk radiological materials in commercial applications. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies: Russian Version DO - 10.17226/26455 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26455/radioactive-sources-applications-and-alternative-technologies-russian-version PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies assesses the status of medical, research, sterilization, and other commercial applications of radioactive sources and alternative (nonradioisotopic) technologies in the United States and internationally. Focusing on Category 1, 2, and 3 sources, this report reviews the current state of these sources by application and reviews the current state of existing technologies on the market or under development that are or could be used to replace radioisotopic technologies in those applications. Radioactive Sources will support existing and future activities under the National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Radiological Security program to reduce the use of high-risk radiological materials in commercial applications. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies: French Version DO - 10.17226/26454 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26454/radioactive-sources-applications-and-alternative-technologies-french-version PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies assesses the status of medical, research, sterilization, and other commercial applications of radioactive sources and alternative (nonradioisotopic) technologies in the United States and internationally. Focusing on Category 1, 2, and 3 sources, this report reviews the current state of these sources by application and reviews the current state of existing technologies on the market or under development that are or could be used to replace radioisotopic technologies in those applications. Radioactive Sources will support existing and future activities under the National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Radiological Security program to reduce the use of high-risk radiological materials in commercial applications. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies: Arabic Version DO - 10.17226/26453 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26453/radioactive-sources-applications-and-alternative-technologies-arabic-version PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies assesses the status of medical, research, sterilization, and other commercial applications of radioactive sources and alternative (nonradioisotopic) technologies in the United States and internationally. Focusing on Category 1, 2, and 3 sources, this report reviews the current state of these sources by application and reviews the current state of existing technologies on the market or under development that are or could be used to replace radioisotopic technologies in those applications. Radioactive Sources will support existing and future activities under the National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Radiological Security program to reduce the use of high-risk radiological materials in commercial applications. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies: Chinese Version DO - 10.17226/26452 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26452/radioactive-sources-applications-and-alternative-technologies-chinese-version PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies assesses the status of medical, research, sterilization, and other commercial applications of radioactive sources and alternative (nonradioisotopic) technologies in the United States and internationally. Focusing on Category 1, 2, and 3 sources, this report reviews the current state of these sources by application and reviews the current state of existing technologies on the market or under development that are or could be used to replace radioisotopic technologies in those applications. Radioactive Sources will support existing and future activities under the National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Radiological Security program to reduce the use of high-risk radiological materials in commercial applications. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies SN - DO - 10.17226/26121 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26121/radioactive-sources-applications-and-alternative-technologies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies assesses the status of medical, research, sterilization, and other commercial applications of radioactive sources and alternative (nonradioisotopic) technologies in the United States and internationally. Focusing on Category 1, 2, and 3 sources, this report reviews the current state of these sources by application and reviews the current state of existing technologies on the market or under development that are or could be used to replace radioisotopic technologies in those applications. Radioactive Sources will support existing and future activities under the National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Radiological Security program to reduce the use of high-risk radiological materials in commercial applications. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - A View of Global S&T Based on Activities of the Board on Global Science and Technology: Letter Report DO - 10.17226/13309 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13309/a-view-of-global-st-based-on-activities-of-the-board-on-global-science-and-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - This letter report describes the 2009-2011 activities of the Board on Global Science and Technology (BGST) and provides an initial characterization of the global science and technology landscape that the Board can use as a roadmap to develop future activities. BGST met five times between November 2009 and May 2011. Board meetings were devoted to (1) identifying national security implications of the globalization of S&T, (2) building a baseline understanding of current indicators for the U.S. posture with regard to the evolving global S&T landscape, and (3) developing a BGST engagement strategy. The letter portion of the report summarizes activities of the board in its first year, and also describes some existing approaches to identifying and/or benchmarking emerging technologies globally. It is followed by 5 appendixes which include three experimental examples of a qualitative approach to benchmarking, and brief descriptions of programs that are part of the National Academies complex, with which BGST has cooperated. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Brad W. Allen A2 - Kathryn A. Zimmerman A2 - Gregory M. Duncan A2 - Rob Zilay A2 - Jeff Holabaugh TI - A Guide to Incorporating Maintenance Costs into a Transportation Asset Management Plan DO - 10.17226/27291 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27291/a-guide-to-incorporating-maintenance-costs-into-a-transportation-asset-management-plan PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Since 2018, State departments of transportation (DOTs) have been required to develop risk-based transportation asset management plans (TAMPs) and to update processes for developing these plans every four years. To date, several DOTs have described challenges in showing clear connections between maintenance investments and asset condition. NCHRP Research Report 1076: A Guide to Incorporating Maintenance Costs into a Transportation Asset Management Plan, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, leads practitioners through a six-part framework designed to tackle the biggest challenges agencies face in projecting future maintenance costs in TAMP activities. Supplemental to the report is a pocket guide. Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 372: Incorporating Maintenance Costs into a Transportation Asset Management Plan, an Executive Summary, an Implementation Memorandum, an Overview Presentation, and a Publication Announcement. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Impact of Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Policy on Biomedical Research in the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/10064 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10064/the-impact-of-low-level-radioactive-waste-management-policy-on-biomedical-research-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - The National Research Council's Committee on the Impact of Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Policy on Biomedical Research in the United States was called on to assess the effects of the low-level radioactive waste management policy on the current and future activities of biomedical research. This report provides an assessment of the effects of the current management policy for low-level radioactive waste (LLRW), and resulting consequences, such as higher LLRW disposal costs and onsite storage of LLRW, on the current and future activities of biomedical research. That assessment will include evaluating the effects that the lack of facilities and disposal capacity, and rules of disposal facilities, have on institutions conducting medical and biological research and on hospitals where radioisotopes are used for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Gulf Research Program: A Strategic Vision SN - DO - 10.17226/18962 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18962/the-gulf-research-program-a-strategic-vision PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - In 2010 the Deepwater Horizon explosion and fire in the Gulf of Mexico caused the largest offshore oil spill in U.S. history, resulting in significant impacts on the region's environment and residents. Legal settlements with the companies held responsible led the federal government to ask the National Academy of Sciences to form and administer a 30-year program to enhance oil system safety, human health, and environmental resources in the Gulf of Mexico and other U.S. continental shelf areas where offshore oil and gas exploration and production occur or are under consideration. The new Gulf Research Program will receive $500 million to support activities using three broad approaches: research and development, education and training, and environmental monitoring. The Gulf Research Program: A Strategic Vision establishes the Program's foundation and introduces its mission, goals, and objectives. It describes some initial activities and sets out the Program's vision for contributing lasting benefit to the Gulf region and the nation. The Program is an extraordinary opportunity to foster science on a regional scale and over the long term. The document will be of interest to scientists, health professionals, engineers, and educators who wish to learn about, collaborate with, and submit proposals to the Program, and to all those who share the goal of enhancing resilience in areas where offshore energy production, vibrant communities, and dynamic ecosystems coexist. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Astrobiology Strategy for the Search for Life in the Universe SN - DO - 10.17226/25252 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25252/an-astrobiology-strategy-for-the-search-for-life-in-the-universe PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. It is an inherently interdisciplinary field that encompasses astronomy, biology, geology, heliophysics, and planetary science, including complementary laboratory activities and field studies conducted in a wide range of terrestrial environments. Combining inherent scientific interest and public appeal, the search for life in the solar system and beyond provides a scientific rationale for many current and future activities carried out by the National Aeronautics and Science Administration (NASA) and other national and international agencies and organizations. Requested by NASA, this study offers a science strategy for astrobiology that outlines key scientific questions, identifies the most promising research in the field, and indicates the extent to which the mission priorities in existing decadal surveys address the search for life's origin, evolution, distribution, and future in the universe. This report makes recommendations for advancing the research, obtaining the measurements, and realizing NASA's goal to search for signs of life in the universe. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s SN - DO - 10.17226/26141 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26141/pathways-to-discovery-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics-for-the-2020s PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - We live in a time of extraordinary discovery and progress in astronomy and astrophysics. The next decade will transform our understanding of the universe and humanity's place in it. Every decade the U.S. agencies that provide primary federal funding for astronomy and astrophysics request a survey to assess the status of, and opportunities for the Nation's efforts to forward our understanding of the cosmos. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s identifies the most compelling science goals and presents an ambitious program of ground- and space-based activities for future investment in the next decade and beyond. The decadal survey identifies three important science themes for the next decade aimed at investigating Earth-like extrasolar planets, the most energetic processes in the universe, and the evolution of galaxies. The Astro2020 report also recommends critical near-term actions to support the foundations of the profession as well as the technologies and tools needed to carry out the science. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Report Series: Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science: Getting Ready for the Next Planetary Science Decadal Survey SN - DO - 10.17226/24843 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24843/report-series-committee-on-astrobiology-and-planetary-science-getting-ready PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - This study discusses the publicly available studies of future flagship- and New Frontiers-class missions NASA initiated since the completion of Vision and Voyages. The report considers the priority areas as defined in Vision and Voyages where publicly available mission studies have not been undertaken; appropriate mechanisms by which mission-study gaps might be filled in the near- to mid-term future; and other activities that might be undertaken in the near- to mid-term future to optimize and/or expedite the work of the next planetary science decadal survey committee. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Glenn E. Schweitzer TI - U.S.-Iran Engagement in Science, Engineering, and Health (2000-2009): Opportunities, Constraints, and Impacts SN - DO - 10.17226/12921 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12921/us-iran-engagement-in-science-engineering-and-health-2000-2009 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Health and Medicine AB - During the first decade of the 21st century, the National Academies, working with a number of partner organizations in Iran, carried out a program of U.S.-Iran engagement in science, engineering, and health (herein referred to as science engagement). This book reviews important aspects of the science engagement program, including: (a) objectives of the program, (b) opportunities and constraints in developing the program, and (c) scientific and political impacts of the activities. Suggestions for future activities that draw on the conclusions and recommendations that have emerged from workshops and other types of interactions are set forth. Of course, the political turmoil within Iran and uncertainties as to the direction of U.S.-Iran government-to-government relations will undoubtedly complicate initiation and implementation of new science engagement activities in the near term. At the same time, many American and Iranian participants and important government officials in the United States and Iran have believed that science engagement can contribute to the evolution of an improved political environment for development of less adversarial relations between the two governments. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Committee on Implementing the Research Results of the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Letter Report: August 6, 2013 DO - 10.17226/22521 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22521/committee-on-implementing-the-research-results-of-the-second-strategic-highway-research-program-shrp-2-letter-report-august-6-2013 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - On August 6, 2013, TRB’s Committee on Implementing the Research Results of the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) sent its fourth letter report to Victor Mendez, administrator of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and Bud Wright, executive director of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).The committee is charged with providing policy and technical advice to the U.S. Department of Transportation and AASHTO on recommended strategies for introducing the results of SHRP 2 into the knowledge base and the active practice of transportation engineers, planners, traffic managers, and other potential users.The report includes recommendations related to the involvement of users of SHRP 2 products throughout the implementation process for the program, the packaging of multiple demonstration products, outreach and communications activities, the future involvement of TRB in implementation, and the scope and schedule for producing and deploying Version 1.0 of Transportation for Communities–Advancing Projects through Partnerships (TCAPP). ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Samantha Chao TI - The State of Quality Improvement and Implementation Research: Expert Views: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/11986 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11986/the-state-of-quality-improvement-and-implementation-research-expert-views PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Institute of Medicine (IOM) workshop "The Conduct of Health Care Quality Improvement and Implementation Research" was held on May 24-25, 2007, in Irvine, CA. The purpose of this workshop was to gain a better understanding of what is known and not known about quality improvement and implementation research. Experts were asked to identify current methods and best practices as well as areas where future efforts should be concentrated to propel the field. As with its previous workshop, the Forum on the Science of Health Care Quality Improvement and Implementation invited speakers from other disciplines to share their experiences in their respective fields. Although many disciplines are relevant to this topic, not all views could be incorporated because of workshop time constraints, but will be incorporated in the forum's future activities. The State of Quality Improvement and Implementation Research: Expert Views, Workshop Summary describes and summarizes workshop presentations and discussions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Evaluation of Chemical Events at Army Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities SN - DO - 10.17226/10574 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10574/evaluation-of-chemical-events-at-army-chemical-agent-disposal-facilities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Review of the Federal Railroad Administration Research and Development Program: Letter Report April 2008 DO - 10.17226/22018 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22018/review-of-the-federal-railroad-administration-research-and-development-program-letter-report-april-2008 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Committee for Review of the Federal Railroad Administration Research and Development Program has issued its first letter report to Joseph Boardman, Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The letter report explores stakeholder involvement in the FRA R&D program, examines development of a project evaluation process, reviews research priorities from a 2006 workshop, highlights the role of academic research in railroad engineering and transportation, and identifies potential future committee meetings and activities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - Cybersecurity Dilemmas: Technology, Policy, and Incentives: Summary of Discussions at the 2014 Raymond and Beverly Sackler U.S.-U.K. Scientific Forum SN - DO - 10.17226/21833 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21833/cybersecurity-dilemmas-technology-policy-and-incentives-summary-of-discussions-at PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - Individuals, businesses, governments, and society at large have tied their future to information technologies, and activities carried out in cyberspace have become integral to daily life. Yet these activities - many of them drivers of economic development - are under constant attack from vandals, criminals, terrorists, hostile states, and other malevolent actors. In addition, a variety of legitimate actors, including businesses and governments, have an interest in collecting, analyzing, and storing information from and about individuals and organizations, potentially creating security and privacy risks. Cybersecurity is made extremely difficult by the incredible complexity and scale of cyberspace. The challenges to achieving cybersecurity constantly change as technologies advance, new applications of information technologies emerge, and societal norms evolve. In our interconnected world, cyberspace is a key topic that transcends borders and should influence (as well as be influenced by) international relations. As such, both national and international laws will need careful evaluation to help ensure the conviction of cybercriminals, support companies that work internationally, and protect national security. On December 8 and 9, 2014, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler U.S.-U.K. Scientific Forum "Cybersecurity Dilemmas: Technology, Policy, and Incentives" examined a broad range of topics including cybersecurity and international relations, privacy, rational cybersecurity, and accelerating progress in cybersecurity. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from this forum. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Plasma Physics of the Local Cosmos SN - DO - 10.17226/10993 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10993/plasma-physics-of-the-local-cosmos PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - Solar and space physics is the study of solar system phenomena that occur in the plasma state. Examples include sunspots, the solar wind, planetary magnetospheres, radiation belts, and the aurora. While each is a distinct phenomenon, there are commonalities among them. To help define and systematize these universal aspects of the field of space physics, the National Research Council was asked by NASA’s Office of Space Science to provide a scientific assessment and strategy for the study of magnetized plasmas in the solar system. This report presents that assessment. It covers a number of important research goals for solar and space physics. The report is complementary to the NRC report, The Sun to the Earth—and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy for Solar and Space Physics, which presents priorities and strategies for future program activities. ER -