%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Life Sciences and Related Fields: Trends Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention %@ 978-0-309-21071-3 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13130/life-sciences-and-related-fields-trends-relevant-to-the-biological %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13130/life-sciences-and-related-fields-trends-relevant-to-the-biological %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 164 %X During the last decade, national and international scientific organizations have become increasingly engaged in considering how to respond to the biosecurity implications of developments in the life sciences and in assessing trends in science and technology (S&T) relevant to biological and chemical weapons nonproliferation. The latest example is an international workshop, Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention, held October 31 - November 3, 2010 at the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. Life Sciences and Related Fields summarizes the workshop, plenary, and breakout discussion sessions held during this convention. Given the immense diversity of current research and development, the report is only able to provide an overview of the areas of science and technology the committee believes are potentially relevant to the future of the Biological and Toxic Weapons Convention (BWC), although there is an effort to identify areas that seemed particularly ripe for further exploration and analysis. The report offers findings and conclusions organized around three fundamental and frequently cited trends in S&T that affect the scope and operation of the convention: The rapid pace of change in the life sciences and related fields; The increasing diffusion of life sciences research capacity and its applications, both internationally and beyond traditional research institutions; and The extent to which additional scientific and technical disciplines beyond biology are increasingly involved in life sciences research. The report does not make recommendations about policy options to respond to the implications of the identified trends. The choice of such responses rests with the 164 States Parties to the Convention, who must take into account multiple factors beyond the project's focus on the state of the science. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E WSP, Sebastian E. Guerrero, Ira Hirschman, Joseph G. B. Bryan %E Noland, Rutgers University Robert B. %E Hsieh, Abt Associates Stan %E Institute, David Schrank, Shuang “Bobie” Guo, Texas A&M Transportation %T Estimating the Value of Truck Travel Time Reliability %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25655/estimating-the-value-of-truck-travel-time-reliability %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25655/estimating-the-value-of-truck-travel-time-reliability %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 104 %X Travel time reliability is frequently cited as an important metric for the trucking community and users of truck freight services. While the travel time reliability for trucking is commonly measured, truck reliability is seldom considered in the benefit–cost evaluation of mobility projects, which underrepresents the benefits accrued to freight users of the roadway system.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 925: Estimating the Value of Truck Travel Time Reliability provides planners and analysts a Reliability Valuation Framework that is applicable to urban or intercity shipments around the United States across a range of truck freight users and commodity types. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges %@ 978-0-309-10533-0 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11866/the-future-of-us-chemistry-research-benchmarks-and-challenges %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11866/the-future-of-us-chemistry-research-benchmarks-and-challenges %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 160 %X Chemistry plays a key role in conquering diseases, solving energy problems, addressing environmental problems, providing the discoveries that lead to new industries, and developing new materials and technologies for national defense and homeland security. However, the field is currently facing a crucial time of change and is struggling to position itself to meet the needs of the future as it expands beyond its traditional core toward areas related to biology, materials science, and nanotechnology. At the request of the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Research Council conducted an in-depth benchmarking analysis to gauge the current standing of the U.S. chemistry field in the world. The Future of U.S. Chemistry Research: Benchmarks and Challenges highlights the main findings of the benchmarking exercise. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies—Report 2 %@ 978-0-309-14904-4 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12834/persistent-forecasting-of-disruptive-technologies-report-2 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12834/persistent-forecasting-of-disruptive-technologies-report-2 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 341 %X The term "disruptive technology" describes a technology that results in a sudden change affecting already established technologies or markets. Disruptive technologies cause one or more discontinuities in the normal evolutionary life cycle of technology. This may lead to an unexpected destabilization of an older technology order and an opportunity for new competitors to displace incumbents. Frequently cited examples include digital photography and desktop publishing. The first report of the series, Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies, discussed how technology forecasts were historically made, assessed various existing forecasting systems, and identified desirable attributes of a next-generation persistent long-term forecasting system for disruptive technologies. This second book attempts to sketch out high-level forecasting system designs. In addition, the book provides further evaluation of the system attributes defined in the first report, and evidence of the feasibility of creating a system with those attributes. Together, the reports are intended to help the Department of Defense and the intelligence community identify and develop a forecasting system that will assist in detecting and tracking global technology trends, producing persistent long-term forecasts of disruptive technologies, and characterizing their potential impact on future U.S. warfighting and homeland defense capabilities. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Special Safety Concerns of the School Bus Industry %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14351/special-safety-concerns-of-the-school-bus-industry %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14351/special-safety-concerns-of-the-school-bus-industry %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 43 %X TRB’s Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 17: Special Safety Concerns of the School Bus Industry explores various safety issues faced by school bus operators, including how the issues are currently addressed, barriers to improvements, and suggestions for making improvements in the future. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Executive Summary: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Providing Non-Emergency Medical Transportation %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23285/executive-summary-cost-benefit-analysis-of-providing-non-emergency-medical-transportation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23285/executive-summary-cost-benefit-analysis-of-providing-non-emergency-medical-transportation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 5 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Results Digest 75, Executive Summary: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Providing Non-Emergency Medical Transportation examines the relative costs and benefits of providing transportation to non-emergency medical care for individuals who miss or delay healthcare appointments because of transportation issues. The final report is available as TCRP Web-Only Document 29. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Letter Report from the Committee on Youth Population and Military Recruitment %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10317/letter-report-from-the-committee-on-youth-population-and-military-recruitment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10317/letter-report-from-the-committee-on-youth-population-and-military-recruitment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 10 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Climate and Health Challenges Posed by Black Carbon: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23648/climate-and-health-challenges-posed-by-black-carbon-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23648/climate-and-health-challenges-posed-by-black-carbon-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 6 %X In October 2012, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the Russian Academy of Sciences held a workshop in Moscow, Russia, on the Challenges of Black Carbon (BC). The workshop was carried out pursuant to the long-standing bilateral NAS-RAS Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Science, Engineering, and Medicine and attracted considerable interest among scientists and policy experts. More than 50 Russian and American scientists and specialists participated. The participants addressed many areas of scientific interest regarding BC dispersal, particularly in the northern latitudes, and called for continued cooperation between the academies on BC-related issues. A second workshop was held in April 2016 and included 29 technical presentations from individuals at 11 Russian and 8 U.S. institutions. The primary goals of the workshop were to learn about current research on BC and to identify opportunities for scientific and technical collaboration among experts in the United States and Russia. %0 Book %T Preparing for the 21st Century: Focusing on Quality in a Changing Health Care System %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9538/preparing-for-the-21st-century-focusing-on-quality-in-a-changing-health-care-system %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9538/preparing-for-the-21st-century-focusing-on-quality-in-a-changing-health-care-system %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The National Plant Genome Initiative: Objectives for 2003-2008 %@ 978-0-309-08521-2 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10562/the-national-plant-genome-initiative-objectives-for-2003-2008 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10562/the-national-plant-genome-initiative-objectives-for-2003-2008 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 92 %X The National Plant Genome Initiative was launched in 1998 as a long-term project to explore DNA structure and function in plants so that useful properties of plants can be understood, improved, and ultimately harnessed to address national needs, including agriculture, nutrition, energy and waste reduction. Experts in the community were asked to consider how to build on current accomplishments in order to address major questions in plant biology and to make recommendations for objectives for the next five-year phase of the Initiative. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Public Benefits of Highway System Preservation and Maintenance %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23362/public-benefits-of-highway-system-preservation-and-maintenance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23362/public-benefits-of-highway-system-preservation-and-maintenance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 330: Public Benefits of Highway System Preservation and Maintenance examines the current practices for identifying, measuring, and articulating the public benefits of highway system maintenance and operation, and of communicating those benefits that are understandable and meaningful to stakeholders—road users, elected officials, and others who have an interest in the system’s performance. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Enhancing Airport Land Use Compatibility, Volume 2: Land Use Survey and Case Study Summaries %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/17633/enhancing-airport-land-use-compatibility-volume-2-land-use-survey-and-case-study-summaries %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/17633/enhancing-airport-land-use-compatibility-volume-2-land-use-survey-and-case-study-summaries %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 592 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 27: Enhancing Airport Land Use Compatibility, Volume 2: Land Use Survey and Case Study Summaries is part of a three-volume report that explores issues related to land use around airports. Volume 2 includes 15 case studies that targeted a wide range of airports and land use issues. The case study sites include large commercial service, military, and general aviation airports and are geographically diverse. Volume 2 also provides states and local governments with examples and a common basis for establishing zoning that protects the public interest and investment in airports.Volume 1: Land Use Fundamentals and Implementation Resources provides guidance designed to help protect airports from incompatible land uses that impair current and future airport and aircraft operations and safety. Volume 3 includes aircraft accident data, a framework for an economic assessment of airport costs, and an annotated bibliography.Volume 3: Additional Resources is made up of three individual components that collectively contain some of the resource documents developed to support the information explored in Volume 1. Volume 3 includes additional detail on specific topics of aircraft accident data and third party risk, and on the economic methodology for assessing the costs associated with incompatible land uses. Volume 3 also includes an annotated bibliography that contains approximately 300 entries related to airport land use compatibility. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Regional Operations Forums for Advancing Systems Operations, Management, and Reliability %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22256/regional-operations-forums-for-advancing-systems-operations-management-and-reliability %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22256/regional-operations-forums-for-advancing-systems-operations-management-and-reliability %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report: Regional Operations Forums for Advancing Systems Operations, Management, and Reliability documents the piloting of the Transportation System Management & Operations (TSM&O) curriculum through a Regional Operations Forum (ROF) concept. In addition to the report, the project also produced a set of PowerPoint presentations to assist with training.Disclaimer: This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Willkie, William %E Full, David %E Barrow, Julie %E Alberts, David %E Gale, Joseph %E Kozlik, Nick %E Jenkins, John %E Wayson, Roger %E Wilmer, Clifton B. %E Vigilante, Mary L. %T Guidance for Using the Interactive Tool for Understanding NEPA at General Aviation Airports %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25735/guidance-for-using-the-interactive-tool-for-understanding-nepa-at-general-aviation-airports %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25735/guidance-for-using-the-interactive-tool-for-understanding-nepa-at-general-aviation-airports %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 114 %X Most general aviation (GA) airports are minimally staffed and rarely employ environmental specialists, and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) can be overwhelming to work through for those not familiar with the requirements.The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 211: Guidance for Using the Interactive Tool for Understanding NEPA at General Aviation Airports, and the accompanying interactive tool that was developed, will help airport staff from GA airports understand the NEPA process. The report provides an overview of NEPA, when it is applied, and the three levels of NEPA review. The tool will be helpful in better understanding the level of effort that may be required to comply with NEPA.An annotated bibliography, which was Appendix A to the Contractor’s Final Report, is also available. %0 Book %T Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 1995 Profile %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21259/doctoral-scientists-and-engineers-in-the-united-states-1995-profile %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21259/doctoral-scientists-and-engineers-in-the-united-states-1995-profile %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Health and Medicine %P 137 %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Transportation Performance Management: Insight from Practitioners %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14384/transportation-performance-management-insight-from-practitioners %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14384/transportation-performance-management-insight-from-practitioners %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 48 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 660: Transportation Performance Management: Insight from Practitioners explores the concept of performance management and examines how other agencies bring performance management into the decision-making process. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences: A Collaborative Effort of the National Research Council and the American Association for the Advancement of Science %@ 978-0-309-12510-9 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12460/a-survey-of-attitudes-and-actions-on-dual-use-research-in-the-life-sciences %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12460/a-survey-of-attitudes-and-actions-on-dual-use-research-in-the-life-sciences %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 188 %X The same technologies that fuel scientific advances also pose potential risks—that the knowledge, tools, and techniques gained through legitimate biotechnology research could be misused to create biological weapons or for bioterrorism. This is often called the dual use dilemma of the life sciences. Yet even research with the greatest potential for misuse may offer significant benefits. Determining how to constrain the danger without harming essential scientific research is critical for national security as well as prosperity and well-being. This book discusses a 2007 survey of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) members in the life sciences about their knowledge of dual use issues and attitudes about their responsibilities to help mitigate the risks of misuse of their research. Overall, the results suggest that there may be considerable support for approaches to oversight that rely on measures that are developed and implemented by the scientific community itself. The responses also suggest that there is a need to clarify the scope of research activities of concern and to provide guidance about what actions scientists can take to reduce the risk that their research will be misused by those with malicious intent. %0 Book %T International Benchmarking of US Immunology Research %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9444/international-benchmarking-of-us-immunology-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9444/international-benchmarking-of-us-immunology-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 60 %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T State DOT Crash Reconstruction Practices %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23158/state-dot-crash-reconstruction-practices %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23158/state-dot-crash-reconstruction-practices %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 32 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 369: State DOT Crash Reconstruction Practices examines the extent of crash reconstruction undertaken by state departments of transportation (DOTs) and the level of expertise available to perform the tasks. In addition, the report explores the extent to which crash reconstructions are used by state DOTs to improve highway safety. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Whitacre, Paula %T Interpreting the Axioms of Innovation: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27434/interpreting-the-axioms-of-innovation-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27434/interpreting-the-axioms-of-innovation-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 13 %X Innovation is a major contributor to national security, productivity, competitiveness, and economic growth. Recent legislation and policies, most notably the CHIPS + Science Act of 2022, provide significant support to transform the science and research enterprise, with a focus on strengthening commercialization ecosystems and providing opportunities for historically underserved students and communities to be engaged in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. On June 13-14, 2023, the Government-University-Research Roundtable of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to consider the axioms of innovation - the underpinning norms, conditions, and culture of innovation environments in the United States and globally. Participants discussed new trends in the theory and practice of innovation, as well as innovation-fostering partnerships and collaboration across sectors and disciplines. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.