%0 Book %T Folic Acid: Biochemistry and Physiology in Relation to the Human Nutrition Requirement %D 1977 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20320/folic-acid-biochemistry-and-physiology-in-relation-to-the-human %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20320/folic-acid-biochemistry-and-physiology-in-relation-to-the-human %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Food and Nutrition %P 309 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition, 2001 %@ 978-0-309-06997-7 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9825/nutrient-requirements-of-dairy-cattle-seventh-revised-edition-2001 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9825/nutrient-requirements-of-dairy-cattle-seventh-revised-edition-2001 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Food and Nutrition %P 405 %X This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs. %0 Book %T Annotated Bibliography on Maternal Nutrition %D 1970 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21570/annotated-bibliography-on-maternal-nutrition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21570/annotated-bibliography-on-maternal-nutrition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Food and Nutrition %P 205 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline %@ 978-0-309-06554-2 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6015/dietary-reference-intakes-for-thiamin-riboflavin-niacin-vitamin-b6-folate-vitamin-b12-pantothenic-acid-biotin-and-choline %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6015/dietary-reference-intakes-for-thiamin-riboflavin-niacin-vitamin-b6-folate-vitamin-b12-pantothenic-acid-biotin-and-choline %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 592 %X Since 1941, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) has been recognized as the most authoritative source of information on nutrient levels for healthy people. Since publication of the 10th edition in 1989, there has been rising awareness of the impact of nutrition on chronic disease. In light of new research findings and a growing public focus on nutrition and health, the expert panel responsible for formulation RDAs reviewed and expanded its approach—the result: Dietary Reference Intakes. This new series of references greatly extends the scope and application of previous nutrient guidelines. For each nutrient the book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, what the best method is to determine its requirements, which factors (caffeine or exercise, for example) may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. This volume of the series presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Based on analysis of nutrient metabolism in humans and data on intakes in the U.S. population, the committee recommends intakes for each age group—from the first days of life through childhood, sexual maturity, midlife, and the later years. Recommendations for pregnancy and lactation also are made, and the book identifies when intake of a nutrient may be too much. Representing a new paradigm for the nutrition community, Dietary Reference Intakes encompasses: Estimated Average Requirements (EARs). These are used to set Recommended Dietary Allowances. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Intakes that meet the RDA are likely to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all individuals in a life-stage and gender group. Adequate Intakes (AIs). These are used instead of RDAs when an EAR cannot be calculated. Both the RDA and the AI may be used as goals for individual intake. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Intakes below the UL are unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects in healthy people. This new framework encompasses both essential nutrients and other food components thought to pay a role in health, such as dietary fiber. It incorporates functional endpoints and examines the relationship between dose and response in determining adequacy and the hazards of excess intake for each nutrient. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Coussens, Christine M. %E Fischhoff, Baruch %T Science and Risk Communication: A Mini-Symposium Sponsored by the Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10231/science-and-risk-communication-a-mini-symposium-sponsored-by-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10231/science-and-risk-communication-a-mini-symposium-sponsored-by-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 7 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Vitamin Tolerance of Animals %@ 978-0-309-03728-0 %D 1987 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/949/vitamin-tolerance-of-animals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/949/vitamin-tolerance-of-animals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 108 %X Many feedstuffs and forages do not provide the dietary vitamins necessary for optimum growth and development, making supplementation necessary. This volume offers a practical, well-organized guide to safe levels of vitamin supplementation in all major domestic species, including poultry, cattle, sheep, and fishes. Fourteen essential vitamins are discussed with information on requirements in various species, deficiency symptoms, metabolism, indications of hypervitaminosis, and safe dosages. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Dietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients %@ 978-0-309-06348-7 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6432/dietary-reference-intakes-a-risk-assessment-model-for-establishing-upper %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6432/dietary-reference-intakes-a-risk-assessment-model-for-establishing-upper %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 82 %X The model for risk assessment of nutrients used to develop tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) is one of the key elements of the developing framework for Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). DRIs are dietary reference values for the intake of nutrients and food components by Americans and Canadians. The U.S. National Academy of Sciences recently released two reports in the series (IOM, 1997, 1998). The overall project is a comprehensive effort undertaken by the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI Committee) of the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB), Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences in the United States, with active involvement of Health Canada. The DRI project is the result of significant discussion from 1991 to 1996 by the FNB regarding how to approach the growing concern that one set of quantitative estimates of recommended intakes, the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), was scientifically inappropriate to be used as the basis for many of the uses to which it had come to be applied. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Harrison, Meghan %T Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: Exploring New Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-67924-4 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25841/nutrition-during-pregnancy-and-lactation-exploring-new-evidence-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25841/nutrition-during-pregnancy-and-lactation-exploring-new-evidence-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 202 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine last reviewed the state of the science on nutrition during pregnancy and lactation 30 years ago. The resulting consensus study reports from the Institute of Medicine—Nutrition During Pregnancy (IOM, 1990) and Nutrition During Lactation (IOM, 1991)—summarized the scientific evidence and provided nutrient recommendations. In the decades since the release of these two reports, the body of evidence on the relationships between nutrition during pregnancy and lactation and maternal and infant health and chronic disease has continued to grow and evolve. At the same time, the demographics of the population have shifted, giving rise to new considerations. To explore the evidence that has emerged, the National Academies conducted a 2-day workshop in January 2020. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T First Symposium on Chemical-Biological Correlation, May 26-27, 1950 %D 1951 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18474/first-symposium-on-chemical-biological-correlation-may-26-27-1950 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18474/first-symposium-on-chemical-biological-correlation-may-26-27-1950 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 431 %X First Symposium on Chemical-Biological Correlation is a summary of a symposium held on May 26-27, 1950 by the Chemical-Biological Coordination Center. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together scientists trained in chemistry and biology for discussion of problems concerned with the effect of structure of chemicals on their biological activity and the mechanism of such actions. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Oria, Maria %E Cappelucci, Kyra %E Rodgers, Anne %E Vorosmarti, Alice %T Meeting the Dietary Needs of Older Adults: Workshop in Brief %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21912/meeting-the-dietary-needs-of-older-adults-workshop-in-brief %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21912/meeting-the-dietary-needs-of-older-adults-workshop-in-brief %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 6 %X On October 28–29, 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Food and Nutrition Board convened a workshop in Washington, DC, to examine factors in the physical, social, and cultural environment that affect the ability of older adults to meet their daily dietary needs. The workshop built on two previous Institute of Medicine (IOM) workshop summaries, Providing Healthy and Safe Foods as We Age (IOM, 2010) and Nutrition and Healthy Aging in the Community (IOM, 2012). %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %E Yaktine, Ann L. %T Global Harmonization of Methodological Approaches to Nutrient Intake Recommendations: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-47200-5 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25023/global-harmonization-of-methodological-approaches-to-nutrient-intake-recommendations-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25023/global-harmonization-of-methodological-approaches-to-nutrient-intake-recommendations-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 194 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a public workshop in September 2017 to explore the evidence for achieving global harmonization of methodological approaches to establishing nutrient intake recommendations. Participants reviewed current nutrient intake recommendations, discussed the feasibility of harmonizing approaches to setting such recommendations globally, examined the development of principles by which they may be applied in diverse contexts that relate to individuals or populations, or regulatory purposes, and examined perceptions and acceptance of nutrient intake recommendations by different stakeholders. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %T Global Harmonization of Methodological Approaches to Nutrient Intake Recommendations: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24989/global-harmonization-of-methodological-approaches-to-nutrient-intake-recommendations-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24989/global-harmonization-of-methodological-approaches-to-nutrient-intake-recommendations-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 9 %X The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in partnership with the Department of Nutrition for Health and Development of the World Health Organization and the Nutrition Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, convened a workshop to explore the evidence for achieving global harmonization of methodological approaches to establishing nutrient intake recommendations in September 2017. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Evolution of Evidence for Selected Nutrient and Disease Relationships %@ 978-0-309-08308-9 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10379/evolution-of-evidence-for-selected-nutrient-and-disease-relationships %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10379/evolution-of-evidence-for-selected-nutrient-and-disease-relationships %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 98 %X The Committee on Examination of the Evolving Science for Dietary Supplements of the Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board was directed to review, retrospectively, selected case studies of diet and health relationships that were relevant to dietary supplements and identified as important in the National Research Council report, Diet and Health: Implications for Chronic Disease Risk (D&H) (NRC, 1989). It was then to determine the extent to which subsequent scientific evidence from the peerreviewed literature used in published reports from the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) series (IOM, 1997, 1998, 2000a, 2001) either agreed with the preliminary evidence used to support the relationship identified originally in the 1989 review or significantly modified the original hypotheses and preliminary conclusions. The committee's analysis was to include characteristics of research with apparent high probability of predicting future confirmation by new science in support of a diet and health relationship. It also was to consider characteristics of information useful to consumers that would allow them to make scientifically informed judgments about the role that a specific food component or nutrient plays in health. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Harmonization of Approaches to Nutrient Reference Values: Applications to Young Children and Women of Reproductive Age %@ 978-0-309-47769-7 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25148/harmonization-of-approaches-to-nutrient-reference-values-applications-to-young %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25148/harmonization-of-approaches-to-nutrient-reference-values-applications-to-young %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 174 %X Recommended intake levels for nutrients and other dietary components were designed initially to prevent nutrient deficiency diseases in a given population, and the original methodological approach used to derive intake values did not include consideration for other applications. However, with the increasing globalization of information and the identification of a variety of factors specific to different population subgroups (e.g., young children and women of reproductive age) that influence their nutritional needs, there has been increasing recognition of the need to consider methodological approaches to deriving nutrient reference values (NRVs) that are applicable across countries and that take into account the varying needs of different population subgroups. There is a need for guidance and recommendations about methodological approaches, as well as their potential for application to an international process for the development of NRVs, and particularly for young children and women of reproductive age. Harmonization of Approaches to Nutrient Reference Values: Applications to Young Children and Women of Reproductive Age examines these issues and makes recommendations for a unified approach to developing NRVs that would be acceptable globally. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Bale, Judith R. %E Stoll, Barbara J. %E Lucas, Adetokunbo O. %T Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World %@ 978-0-309-08608-0 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10839/reducing-birth-defects-meeting-the-challenge-in-the-developing-world %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10839/reducing-birth-defects-meeting-the-challenge-in-the-developing-world %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 270 %X Each year more than 4 million children are born with birth defects. This book highlights the unprecedented opportunity to improve the lives of children and families in developing countries by preventing some birth defects and reducing the consequences of others. A number of developing countries with more comprehensive health care systems are making significant progress in the prevention and care of birth defects. In many other developing countries, however, policymakers have limited knowledge of the negative impact of birth defects and are largely unaware of the affordable and effective interventions available to reduce the impact of certain conditions. Reducing Birth Defects: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World includes descriptions of successful programs and presents a plan of action to address critical gaps in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of birth defects in developing countries. This study also recommends capacity building, priority research, and institutional and global efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of birth defects in developing countries. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Composition of Corn in the United States, 1946-1947 %D 1953 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18444/composition-of-corn-in-the-united-states-1946-1947 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18444/composition-of-corn-in-the-united-states-1946-1947 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 31 %X At the first meeting of the Committee on Feed Composition on August 15 and 16, 1946, a plan was initiated to study the chemical composition of the 1946 corn crop in the United States. This study was later extended to include the 1947 crop. Corn was selected because a large percentage of the total production is used for feeding, and more corn is fed to livestock in the United States than any other grain. Furthermore, evidence was presented indicating that the percentage of protein in corn had decreased over a period of years. Composition of Corn in the United States, 1946-1947 determines the validity of, and possible reasons for, this alleged diminution. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Report to the Children's Bureau %D 1967 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18460/nutrition-in-pregnancy-and-lactation-a-report-to-the-childrens %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18460/nutrition-in-pregnancy-and-lactation-a-report-to-the-childrens %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 80 %X Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Report to the Children's Bureau reviews and interprets the current state of knowledge of the relationships between nutrition in pregnancy and the outcome of pregnancy for mother and infant. Public health statistics indicate that neonatal and infant mortality experience in the United States has not been as favorable in the most recent two decades as in some countries of Western Europe. Based on current nutrition concepts, this report served as a basis for the development of authoritative guidelines for the nutrition component of maternal and child health programs. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Suitor, Carol West %E Meyers, Linda D. %T Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10322-0 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11767/dietary-reference-intakes-research-synthesis-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11767/dietary-reference-intakes-research-synthesis-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 310 %X What information is available to inform the planning of a nutrition research agenda for the United States and Canada? This question provided the backdrop for the Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis project undertaken by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies. The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative reference values for recommended intakes and tolerable upper intake levels for a range of nutrients. They are used widely by dietitians in individual counseling, by federal nutrition officials in program and policy development, and by the nutrition research and education communities in government, academia, and industry. Between 1997 and 2005, the IOM published a series of six DRI reports covering a total of 45 nutrients, energy, and other food components. The IOM also issued two reports describing ways to apply the DRIs in assessment and planning. Together, these eight reports contain more than 450 research recommendations and thus a wealth of information pertinent to a nutrition research agenda. To make the recommendations more accessible, the Food and Nutrition Board undertook a project with two major elements: (1) the development of a searchable database of all the DRI research recommendations, and (2) the Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis Workshop, held June 7-8, 2006, which was designed to provide a venue for hearing and discussing experts' perspectives on the research recommendations identified in the DRI reports. Two members of the workshop planning group—Drs. John W. Suttie and Susan J. Whiting—moderated the DRI Research Synthesis Workshop. After an overview and demonstration of the DRI Research Synthesis Database, panels of experts addressed DRI research recommendations related to each of the six DRI nutrient reports, the two DRI applications reports, and three cross-cutting topics: (1) setting DRIs for children, (2) Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, and (3) relevant new and underutilized research techniques. This report is a summary of the workshop presentations and discussions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition %@ 978-0-309-04633-6 %D 1989 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1349/recommended-dietary-allowances-10th-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1349/recommended-dietary-allowances-10th-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 302 %X Since its introduction in 1943 Recommended Dietary Allowances has become the accepted source of nutrient allowances for healthy people. These Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are used throughout the food and health fields. Additionally, RDAs serve as the basis for the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowances, the Food and Drug Administration's standards for nutrition labeling of foods. The 10th Edition includes research results and expert interpretations from years of progress in nutrition research since the previous edition and provides not only RDAs but also "Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes"—provisional values for nutrients where data were insufficient to set an RDA. Organized by nutrient for ready reference, the volume reviews the function of each nutrient in the human body, sources of supply, effects of deficiencies and excessive intakes, relevant study results, and more. The volume concludes with the invaluable "Summary Table of Recommended Dietary Allowances," a convenient and practical summary of the recommendations. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T How Should the Recommended Dietary Allowances be Revised? %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9194/how-should-the-recommended-dietary-allowances-be-revised %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9194/how-should-the-recommended-dietary-allowances-be-revised %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 47