%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Nutritional Management of Acute Diarrhea in Infants and Children %@ 978-0-309-07799-6 %D 1985 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/925/nutritional-management-of-acute-diarrhea-in-infants-and-children %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/925/nutritional-management-of-acute-diarrhea-in-infants-and-children %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 52 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Fluid Replacement and Heat Stress %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9071/fluid-replacement-and-heat-stress %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9071/fluid-replacement-and-heat-stress %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 254 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Marriott, Bernadette M. %E Carlson, Sydne J. %T Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations %@ 978-0-309-05484-3 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5197/nutritional-needs-in-cold-and-high-altitude-environments-applications-for %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5197/nutritional-needs-in-cold-and-high-altitude-environments-applications-for %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 584 %X This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1992-1994 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9169/committee-on-military-nutrition-research-activity-report-1992-1994 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9169/committee-on-military-nutrition-research-activity-report-1992-1994 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 176 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Monitoring Metabolic Status: Predicting Decrements in Physiological and Cognitive Performance %@ 978-0-309-09159-6 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10981/monitoring-metabolic-status-predicting-decrements-in-physiological-and-cognitive-performance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10981/monitoring-metabolic-status-predicting-decrements-in-physiological-and-cognitive-performance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 468 %X The U.S. military’s concerns about the individual combat service member’s ability to avoid performance degradation, in conjunction with the need to maintain both mental and physical capabilities in highly stressful situations, have led to and interest in developing methods by which commanders can monitor the status of the combat service members in the field. This report examines appropriate biological markers, monitoring technologies currently available and in need of development, and appropriate algorithms to interpret the data obtained in order to provide information for command decisions relative to the physiological “readiness” of each combat service member. More specifically, this report also provides responses to questions posed by the military relative to monitoring the metabolic regulation during prolonged, exhaustive efforts, where nutrition/hydration and repair mechanisms may be mismatched to intakes and rest, or where specific metabolic derangements are present. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate %@ 978-0-309-09169-5 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10925/dietary-reference-intakes-for-water-potassium-sodium-chloride-and-sulfate %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10925/dietary-reference-intakes-for-water-potassium-sodium-chloride-and-sulfate %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 638 %X Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. This new report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishes nutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate discusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate in human physiology and health. The major findings in this book include the establishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages, and food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment of Tolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makes research recommendations for information needed to advance the understanding of human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as adverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluable reference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Role of Chromium in Animal Nutrition %@ 978-0-309-06354-8 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5778/the-role-of-chromium-in-animal-nutrition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5778/the-role-of-chromium-in-animal-nutrition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 96 %X The American feed industry manufactures tons of dietary supplements and additives each year for inclusion in the diets of food-producing animals. Some scientists have suggested that chromium should be a key ingredient in nutritional supplements. Controversy exists, however, over whether chromium sources should be approved as feed additives and whether enough data exist to establish dietary requirements. Chromium use has been suggested to have positive impacts on farm profitability, and many animal health benefits have been attributed to chromium supplementation, including increased longevity; enhanced reproduction; decreased incidence of metabolic disorders, stress effects, and disease; reduced need for antibiotic usage; improved immune response; and lean carcass quality. This book addresses recent research on chromium in animal diets; metabolic interactions between chromium and other nutrients; assessments of form and species interactions; supplementation effects; bioavailability of chromium forms and sources; and effects of diet composition, stressors, and animal physiological status on chromium utilization. It also provides recommendations on the essentiality of dietary chromium in domestic animal species and guidelines for use of dietary chromium. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Fire Research Abstracts and Reviews, Volume 11 %D 1969 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18860/fire-research-abstracts-and-reviews-volume-11 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18860/fire-research-abstracts-and-reviews-volume-11 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 330 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Marriott, Bernadette M. %T Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations %@ 978-0-309-04840-8 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2094/nutritional-needs-in-hot-environments-applications-for-military-personnel-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2094/nutritional-needs-in-hot-environments-applications-for-military-personnel-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 392 %X This volume examines the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of a hot environment on nutrient requirements of military personnel. A parallel concern is ensuring that performance does not decline as a result of inadequate nutrition. The committee provides a thorough review of the literature in this area and interprets the diverse data in terms of military applications. In addition to a focus on specific nutrient needs in hot climates, the committee considers factors that might change food intake patterns and therefore overall calories. Although concern for adequate nutrition for U.S. soldiers in Saudi Arabia prompted the initiation of this project, its scope includes the nutrient needs of individuals who may be actively working in both hot-dry and hot-moist climates. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report 1994-1999 %@ 978-0-309-06585-6 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9633/committee-on-military-nutrition-research-activity-report-1994-1999 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9633/committee-on-military-nutrition-research-activity-report-1994-1999 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 304 %X The activities of the Food and Nutrition Board's Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR, the committee) have been supported since 1994 by grant DAMD17-94-J-4046 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC). This report fulfills the final reporting requirement of the grant, and presents a summary of activities for the grant period from December 1, 1994 through May 31, 1999. During this grant period, the CMNR has met from three to six times each year in response to issues that are brought to the committee through the Military Nutrition and Biochemistry Division of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine at Natick, Massachusetts, and the Military Operational Medicine Program of USAMRMC at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The CMNR has submitted five workshop reports (plus two preliminary reports), including one that is a joint project with the Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women; three letter reports, and one brief report, all with recommendations, to the Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, since September 1995 and has a brief report currently in preparation. These reports are summarized in the following activity report with synopses of additional topics for which reports were deferred pending completion of military research in progress. This activity report includes as appendixes the conclusions and recommendations from the nine reports and has been prepared in a fashion to allow rapid access to committee recommendations on the topics covered over the time period. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Performance Measurement Framework for Highway Capacity Decision Making %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14255/performance-measurement-framework-for-highway-capacity-decision-making %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14255/performance-measurement-framework-for-highway-capacity-decision-making %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 113 %X TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-C02-RR: Performance Measurement Framework for Highway Capacity Decision Making explores a performance measurement framework that is designed to support the collaborative decision-making framework (CDMF) for additions to highway capacity being developed under the SHRP 2 Capacity research program. The report examines five broad areas of performance including transportation, environment, economics, community, and cost. Under these headings, the report identifies 17 performance factors, each of which are linked to key decision points in the CDMF. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Crossett, Joe %E Ang-Olsen, Jeff %E Frantz, Jeff %T Environmental Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22102/environmental-performance-measures-for-state-departments-of-transportation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22102/environmental-performance-measures-for-state-departments-of-transportation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 148 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 809: Environmental Performance Measures for State Departments of Transportation identifies potential environmental performance measures that may be integrated into a transportation agency's performance management program. The report explores relationships between agency activities and environmental outcomes.A spreadsheet-based “Measure Calculation Tool” helps transportation agencies implement performance measures that were outlined in the report. The tool can be used to record the component data needed to calculate the measures. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T High-Energy, Nutrient-Dense Emergency Relief Food Product %@ 978-0-309-08315-7 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10347/high-energy-nutrient-dense-emergency-relief-food-product %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10347/high-energy-nutrient-dense-emergency-relief-food-product %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 155 %X The present study was conducted by an ad hoc subcommittee of the Committee on Military Nutrition Research. The Subcommittee on Technical Specifications for a High-Energy Emergency Relief Ration was established by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine in response to a request from USAID and DOD to develop technical specifications for a product for use in food relief after natural disasters or other emergency situations around the world. The specifications are to be used by both agencies in their calls for bids from U.S. food manufacturers to supply such a product. %0 Book %T Toward a Microgravity Research Strategy %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12307/toward-a-microgravity-research-strategy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12307/toward-a-microgravity-research-strategy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 66 %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Formulations for Aircraft and Airfield Deicing and Anti-Icing: Aquatic Toxicity and Biochemical Oxygen Demand %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23325/formulations-for-aircraft-and-airfield-deicing-and-anti-icing-aquatic-toxicity-and-biochemical-oxygen-demand %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23325/formulations-for-aircraft-and-airfield-deicing-and-anti-icing-aquatic-toxicity-and-biochemical-oxygen-demand %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Web-Only Document 3: Formulations for Aircraft and Airfield Deicing and Anti-Icing: Aquatic Toxicity and Biochemical Oxygen Demand is an interim report on a project that is exploring the environmental characteristics of aircraft and pavement deicers and anti-icers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition %@ 978-0-309-04633-6 %D 1989 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1349/recommended-dietary-allowances-10th-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1349/recommended-dietary-allowances-10th-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 302 %X Since its introduction in 1943 Recommended Dietary Allowances has become the accepted source of nutrient allowances for healthy people. These Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are used throughout the food and health fields. Additionally, RDAs serve as the basis for the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowances, the Food and Drug Administration's standards for nutrition labeling of foods. The 10th Edition includes research results and expert interpretations from years of progress in nutrition research since the previous edition and provides not only RDAs but also "Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes"—provisional values for nutrients where data were insufficient to set an RDA. Organized by nutrient for ready reference, the volume reviews the function of each nutrient in the human body, sources of supply, effects of deficiencies and excessive intakes, relevant study results, and more. The volume concludes with the invaluable "Summary Table of Recommended Dietary Allowances," a convenient and practical summary of the recommendations. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guidelines for Developing Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Space Station Contaminants %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21636/guidelines-for-developing-spacecraft-maximum-allowable-concentrations-for-space-station-contaminants %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21636/guidelines-for-developing-spacecraft-maximum-allowable-concentrations-for-space-station-contaminants %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Space and Aeronautics %P 129 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Nutrient Composition of Rations for Short-Term, High-Intensity Combat Operations %@ 978-0-309-09641-6 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11325/nutrient-composition-of-rations-for-short-term-high-intensity-combat-operations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11325/nutrient-composition-of-rations-for-short-term-high-intensity-combat-operations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Food and Nutrition %P 462 %X Recognizing the importance of good nutrition for physical and mental status, the Department of Defense asked the Institute of Medicine to guide the design of the nutritional composition of a ration for soldiers on short-term, high-stress missions. Nutrient Composition of Rations for Short-Term, High-Intensity Combat Operations considers military performance, health concerns, food intake, energy expenditure, physical exercise, and food technology issues. The success of military operations depends to a large extent on the physical and mental status of the individuals involved. Appropriate nutrition during assault missions is a continuous challenge mainly due to diminished appetites of individuals under stress. Many less controllable and unpredictable factors, such as individual preferences and climate, come into play to reduce appetite. In fact, soldiers usually consume about half of the calories needed, leaving them in a state called “negative energy balance.” The consequences of being in negative energy balance while under these circumstances range from weight loss to fatigue to mental impairments. An individual’s physiological and nutritional status can markedly affect one’s ability to maximize performance during missions and may compromise effectiveness. With the number of these missions increasing, the optimization of rations has become a high priority. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations %@ 978-0-309-08258-7 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10219/caffeine-for-the-sustainment-of-mental-task-performance-formulations-for %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10219/caffeine-for-the-sustainment-of-mental-task-performance-formulations-for %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 171 %X This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Kumanyika, Shiriki %E Oria, Maria P. %T Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease %@ 978-0-309-46256-3 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24828/guiding-principles-for-developing-dietary-reference-intakes-based-on-chronic-disease %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24828/guiding-principles-for-developing-dietary-reference-intakes-based-on-chronic-disease %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 334 %X Since 1938 and 1941, nutrient intake recommendations have been issued to the public in Canada and the United States, respectively. Currently defined as the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), these values are a set of standards established by consensus committees under the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and used for planning and assessing diets of apparently healthy individuals and groups. In 2015, a multidisciplinary working group sponsored by the Canadian and U.S. government DRI steering committees convened to identify key scientific challenges encountered in the use of chronic disease endpoints to establish DRI values. Their report, Options for Basing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) on Chronic Disease: Report from a Joint US-/Canadian-Sponsored Working Group, outlined and proposed ways to address conceptual and methodological challenges related to the work of future DRI Committees. This report assesses the options presented in the previous report and determines guiding principles for including chronic disease endpoints for food substances that will be used by future National Academies committees in establishing DRIs.