%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates: Second Revised Edition %@ 978-0-309-06989-2 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9826/nutrient-requirements-of-nonhuman-primates-second-revised-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9826/nutrient-requirements-of-nonhuman-primates-second-revised-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 306 %X This new release presents the wealth of information gleaned about nonhuman primates nutrition since the previous edition was published in 1978. With expanded coverage of natural dietary habits, gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology, and the nutrient needs of species that have been difficult to maintain in captivity, it explores the impact on nutrition of physiological and life-stage considerations: infancy, weaning, immune function, obesity, aging, and more. The committee also discusses issues of environmental enrichment such as opportunities for foraging. Based on the world's scientific literature and input from authoritative sources, the book provides best estimates of nutrient requirements. The volume covers requirements for energy: carbohydrates, including the role of dietary fiber; proteins and amino acids; fats and fatty acids; minerals, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins; and water. The book also analyzes the composition of important foods and feed ingredients and offers guidelines on feed processing and diet formulation. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care: Proceedings of the November 2003 International Workshop %@ 978-0-309-09302-6 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11138/the-development-of-science-based-guidelines-for-laboratory-animal-care %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11138/the-development-of-science-based-guidelines-for-laboratory-animal-care %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 262 %X The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care is the summary of an international workshop held in Washington, DC, in November 2003 to bring together experts from around the world to discuss the available knowledge that can positively influence current and pending guidelines for laboratory animal care, identify gaps in that knowledge in order to encourage future research endeavors, and discuss the scientific evidence that can be used to assess the benefits and costs of various regulatory approaches affecting facilities, research, and animal welfare. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals %@ 978-0-309-07525-1 %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1542/recognition-and-alleviation-of-pain-and-distress-in-laboratory-animals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1542/recognition-and-alleviation-of-pain-and-distress-in-laboratory-animals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 160 %X Clear guidelines on the proper care and use of laboratory animals are being sought by researchers and members of the many committees formed to oversee animal care at universities as well as the general public. This book provides a comprehensive overview of what we know about behavior, pain, and distress in laboratory animals. The volume explores: Stressors in the laboratory and the animal behaviors they cause, including in-depth discussions of the physiology of pain and distress and the animal's ecological relationship to the laboratory as an environment. A review of euthanasia of lab animals--exploring the decision, the methods, and the emotional effects on technicians. Also included is a highly practical, extensive listing, by species, of dosages and side effects of anesthetics, analgesics, and tranquilizers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates %@ 978-0-309-10359-6 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4909/the-psychological-well-being-of-nonhuman-primates %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4909/the-psychological-well-being-of-nonhuman-primates %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 184 %X A 1985 amendment to the Animal Welfare Act requires those who keep nonhuman primates to develop and follow appropriate plans for promoting the animals' psychological well-being. The amendment, however, provides few specifics. The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates recommends practical approaches to meeting those requirements. It focuses on what is known about the psychological needs of primates and makes suggestions for assessing and promoting their well-being. This volume examines the elements of an effective care program—social companionship, opportunities for species-typical activity, housing and sanitation, and daily care routines—and provides a helpful checklist for designing a plan for promoting psychological well-being. The book provides a wealth of specific and useful information about the psychological attributes and needs of the most widely used and exhibited nonhuman primates. Readable and well-organized, it will be welcomed by animal care and use committees, facilities administrators, enforcement inspectors, animal advocates, researchers, veterinarians, and caretakers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Eighth Edition %@ 978-0-309-15400-0 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12910/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-eighth %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12910/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-eighth %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 246 %X A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Education and Training in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: A Guide for Developing Institutional Programs %@ 978-0-309-04382-3 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1592/education-and-training-in-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1592/education-and-training-in-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 152 %X Federal law now requires that institutions provide training for anyone caring for or using laboratory animals. This volume provides the guidelines and resources needed to coordinate a quality training program, as well as to meet all legal requirements. A core module for all personnel takes no more than four hours to present. Most staff then proceed to one or more additional skills-development modules including the species-specific module that can be customized to any species in use at the institution, the pain management module, and the surgery module. The volume provides content information for required topics—from ethics to record keeping—and lists sources of additional publications, audiovisual programs, and computerized teaching aids. Included are: Ready-to-use teaching outlines, with detailed instructions for presenting material. Practical guidelines on logistics, covering scheduling, budgeting, and more. Guidelines on how to design training for adults and how to work with investigators who may resist taking training courses. This practical guidebook will be necessary for research institutions, particularly for staff members responsible for training coordination. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals %@ 978-0-309-10817-1 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11931/recognition-and-alleviation-of-distress-in-laboratory-animals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11931/recognition-and-alleviation-of-distress-in-laboratory-animals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 136 %X Scientific advances in our understanding of animal physiology and behavior often require theories to be revised and standards of practice to be updated to improve laboratory animal welfare. This new book from the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) at the National Research Council, Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals, focuses on the stress and distress which is experienced by animals when used in laboratory research. This book aims to educate laboratory animal veterinarians; students, researchers, and investigators; animal care staff, as well as animal welfare officers on the current scientific and ethical issues associated with stress and distress in laboratory animals. It evaluates pertinent scientific literature to generate practical and pragmatic guidelines. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals focuses specifically on the scientific understanding of the causes and the functions of stress and distress, the transformation of stress to distress, and the identification of principles for the recognition and alleviation of distress. This book discusses the role of humane endpoints in situations of distress and principles for the minimization of distress in laboratory animals. It also identifies areas in which further scientific investigation is needed to improve laboratory animal welfare in order to adhere to scientific and ethical principles that promote humane care and practice. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guidance for the Description of Animal Research in Scientific Publications %@ 978-0-309-21951-8 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13241/guidance-for-the-description-of-animal-research-in-scientific-publications %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13241/guidance-for-the-description-of-animal-research-in-scientific-publications %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 42 %X The publication of research articles involving animal studies is central to many disciplines in science and biomedicine. Effective descriptions in such publications enable researchers to interpret the data, evaluate and replicate findings, and move the science forward. Analyses of published studies with research animals have demonstrated numerous deficiencies in the reporting of details in research methods for animal studies. Considerable variation in the amount of information required by scientific publications and reported by authors undermines this basic scientific principle and results in the unnecessary use of animals and other resources in failed efforts to reproduce study results. Guidance for the Description of Animal Research in Scientific Publications outlines the information that should be included in scientific papers regarding the animal studies to ensure that the study can be replicated. The report urges journal editors to actively promote effective and ethical research by encouraging the provision of sufficient information. Examples of this information include: conditions of housing and husbandry, genetic nomenclature, microbial status, detailed experimental manipulations, and handling and use of pharmaceuticals. Inclusion of this information will enable assessment and interpretation of research findings and advancement of knowledge based on reproducible results. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5140/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5140/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 140 %X A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been revised by a committee of experts, based on input from scientists and the public. The Guide incorporates recent research on commonly used species, including farm animals, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Institutional policies and responsibilities. The committee discusses areas that require policy attention: the role and function of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, protocols for animal care and use, occupational health and safety, personnel qualifications, and other areas. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. The committee offers guidelines on how to design and run a management program, addressing environment, nutrition, sanitation, behavioral and social issues, genetics, nomenclature, and more. Veterinary care. The committee discusses animal procurement and transportation, disease and preventive medicine, and surgery. The Guide addresses pain recognition and relief and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The committee identifies design and construction issues, providing guidelines for animal-room doors, drainage, noise control, surgery, and other areas. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities—a resource of proven value, now updated and expanded. This revision will be important to researchers, animal care technicians, facilities managers, administrators at research institutions, policymakers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates. %0 Book %T Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Taiwanese Edition %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11440/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-taiwanese-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11440/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-taiwanese-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 142 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %E Anestidou, Lida %T Design, Implementation, Monitoring, and Sharing of Performance Standards for Laboratory Animal Use: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-37924-3 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21820/design-implementation-monitoring-and-sharing-of-performance-standards-for-laboratory-animal-use %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21820/design-implementation-monitoring-and-sharing-of-performance-standards-for-laboratory-animal-use %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 128 %X In order to better understand the critical issues pertaining to the concept of performance standards for laboratory animal use, the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use held a public workshop on April 20-21, 2015. The purpose of the workshop was to promote the appropriate and responsible care of animals in research, to provide a balanced and civil forum for discussion and collaboration, and to help build transparency and trust among stakeholders. Participants addressed the challenges of defining, developing, implementing, assessing, and validating performance standards to ensure "optimal practices, management, and operations." This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Strategies That Influence Cost Containment in Animal Research Facilities %@ 978-0-309-07261-8 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10006/strategies-that-influence-cost-containment-in-animal-research-facilities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10006/strategies-that-influence-cost-containment-in-animal-research-facilities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 163 %X Care and use of animals in research are expensive, prompting efforts to contain or reduce costs. Components of those costs are personnel, regulatory compliance, veterinary medical care, and laboratory animal management, equipment, and procedures. Many efforts have been made to control and reduce personnel costs, the largest contributing factor to cost, through better facility and equipment design, more efficient use of personnel, and automation of many routine operations. However, there has been no comprehensive, recent analysis of the various cost components or examination of the strategies that have been proven or are purported to decrease the cost of animal facility operation. Strategies that Influence Cost Containment in Animal Research Facilities examines the current interpretation of governmental policy (Office of Management and Budget Circular A-21) concerning institutional reimbursement for overhead costs of an animal research facility and describes methods for economically operating an animal research facility. This report develops recommendations by which federal auditors and research institutions can establish what cost components of research animal facilities should be charged to institutions' indirect cost pool and what animal research facility cost components should be included in the per diem charges to investigators, and assesses the financial and scientific ramifications that these criteria would have among federally funded institutions. Further, the report determines the cost components of laboratory animal care and use in biomedical research and assesses and recommends methods of cost containment for institutions maintaining animals for biomedical research. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates %@ 978-0-309-08914-2 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10713/occupational-health-and-safety-in-the-care-and-use-of-nonhuman-primates %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10713/occupational-health-and-safety-in-the-care-and-use-of-nonhuman-primates %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 180 %X The field of occupational health and safety constantly changes, especially as it pertains to biomedical research. New infectious hazards are of particular importance at nonhuman-primate facilities. For example, the discovery that B virus can be transmitted via a splash on a mucous membrane raises new concerns that must be addressed, as does the discovery of the Reston strain of Ebola virus in import quarantine facilities in the U.S. The risk of such infectious hazards is best managed through a flexible and comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHSP) that can identify and mitigate potential hazards. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates is intended as a reference for vivarium managers, veterinarians, researchers, safety professionals, and others who are involved in developing or implementing an OHSP that deals with nonhuman primates. The book lists the important features of an OHSP and provides the tools necessary for informed decision-making in developing an optimal program that meets all particular institutional needs. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition %@ 978-0-309-10365-7 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11385/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-korean-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11385/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-korean-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 130 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Stern, Paul C. %E Carstensen, Laura L. %T The Aging Mind: Opportunities in Cognitive Research %@ 978-0-309-06940-3 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9783/the-aging-mind-opportunities-in-cognitive-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9783/the-aging-mind-opportunities-in-cognitive-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 288 %X Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Laboratory Animal Management: Dogs %@ 978-0-309-04744-9 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2120/laboratory-animal-management-dogs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2120/laboratory-animal-management-dogs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 152 %X This newly revised edition incorporates the regulatory requirements and improved practices for laboratory animal care that have developed over the past two decades. The volume covers: Selection of dogs as research models. Design, construction, and maintenance of facilities. Temperature, humidity, food, water, bedding, sanitation, animal identification, record keeping, and transportation. General veterinary care, as well as special care of breeding animals and random-source animals. Laboratory Animal Management: Dogs examines controversies over proper cage sizes and interpretation of federal requirements for exercise and offers recommendations for researchers. Guidelines are provided on how to recognize and alleviate pain and distress in research dogs and on the sensitive topic of euthanasia. Laboratory Animal Management: Dogs discusses how to assemble a proper research protocol and how to handle conflicts. Outlined are procedures for institutional animal care and use and committee review. The volume also presents guidelines for handling aging dogs, use of radiation in experiments, and a wide range of other special circumstances. Thoroughly referenced, this guide will be indispensable to researchers, research administrators, review committees, and others concerned about laboratory dogs. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Bogard, Kimber %E Mellody, Maureen %T The Cost of Inaction for Young Children Globally: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-30775-8 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18845/the-cost-of-inaction-for-young-children-globally-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18845/the-cost-of-inaction-for-young-children-globally-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 108 %X The Cost of Inaction for Young Children Globally is the summary of a workshop hosted by the Institute of Medicine Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally in April 2014 to focus on investments in young children and the cost of inaction. Participants explored existing, new, and innovative science and research from around the world to translate this evidence into sound and strategic investments in policies and practices that will make a difference in the lives of children and their caregivers. This report discusses intersections across health, education, nutrition, living conditions, and social protection and how investments of economic, natural, social, and other resources can sustain or promote early childhood development and well-being. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Russian Version %@ 978-0-309-08389-8 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10498/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-russian-version %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10498/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-russian-version %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 154 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Spanish Version %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10929/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-spanish-version %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10929/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-spanish-version %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 164 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Animal Research in a Global Environment: Meeting the Challenges: Proceedings of the November 2008 International Workshop %@ 978-0-309-21502-2 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13175/animal-research-in-a-global-environment-meeting-the-challenges-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13175/animal-research-in-a-global-environment-meeting-the-challenges-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 284 %X Animal research will play an essential role in efforts to meet increasing demands for global health care. Yet the animal research community faces the challenge of overcoming negative impressions that industry and academia engage in international collaborations in order to conduct work in parts of the world where animal welfare standards are less stringent. Thus, the importance of ensuring the international harmonization of the principles and standards of animal care and use cannot be overstated. A number of national and international groups are actively working toward this goal. The Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR), a program unit of the US National Research Council, is committed to promoting both the welfare of animals used in research and the quality of the resulting science. In 2008, to follow up on the 2003 event, ILAR convened a workshop which brought together 200 participants from 17 countries. Their mission was to identify and promote better understanding of important challenges in the conduct of animal research across country boundaries. These challenges include: the sourcing of animals; the quality of veterinary care; competent staff; the provision of a suitable environment (including nutritious food and potable water) for animals; and ongoing oversight of the animal program; among others. Animal Research in a Global Environment summarizes the proceedings of the 2008 workshop. The impact of this 2008 workshop has extended beyond the oral presentations conveyed in these proceedings. It has been a vital bridge for diverse colleagues and organizations around the world to advance initiatives designed to fill gaps in standards, professional qualifications, and coordination of animal use.