%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Airport Energy Efficiency and Cost Reduction %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14413/airport-energy-efficiency-and-cost-reduction %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14413/airport-energy-efficiency-and-cost-reduction %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 74 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 21: Airport Energy Efficiency and Cost Reduction explores energy efficiency improvements being implemented at airports across the country that are low cost and short payback. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Energy-Efficiency Standards and Green Building Certification Systems Used by the Department of Defense for Military Construction and Major Renovations %@ 978-0-309-27038-0 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18282/energy-efficiency-standards-and-green-building-certification-systems-used-by-the-department-of-defense-for-military-construction-and-major-renovations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18282/energy-efficiency-standards-and-green-building-certification-systems-used-by-the-department-of-defense-for-military-construction-and-major-renovations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Engineering and Technology %P 218 %X Congress has an ongoing interest in ensuring that the 500,000 buildings and other structures owned and operated by the Department of Defense (DOD) are operated effectively in terms of cost and resource use. Section 2830 of the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year requires the Secretary of Defense to submit a report to the congressional defense committees on the energy-efficiency and sustainability standards used by DOD for military construction and major renovations of buildings. DOD's report must include a cost-benefit analysis, return on investment, and long-term payback for the building standards and green building certification systems, including: (A) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 189.1-2011 for the Design of High-Performance, Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential. (B) ASHRAE Energy Standard 90.1-2010 for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential. (C) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver, Gold, and Platinum certification for green buildings, as well as the LEED Volume certification. (D) Other American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited standards. DOD's report to the congressional defense committees must also include a copy of DOD policy prescribing a comprehensive strategy for the pursuit of design and building standards across the department that include specific energy-efficiency standards and sustainable design attributes for military construction based on the cost-benefit analysis, return on investment, and demonstrated payback required for the aforementioned building standards and green building certification systems. Energy-Efficiency Standards and Green Building Certification Systems Used by the Department of Defense for Military Construction and Major Renovations summarizes the recommendations for energy efficiency. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Research Council %T Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States %@ 978-0-309-13716-4 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12621/real-prospects-for-energy-efficiency-in-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12621/real-prospects-for-energy-efficiency-in-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 348 %X America's economy and lifestyles have been shaped by the low prices and availability of energy. In the last decade, however, the prices of oil, natural gas, and coal have increased dramatically, leaving consumers and the industrial and service sectors looking for ways to reduce energy use. To achieve greater energy efficiency, we need technology, more informed consumers and producers, and investments in more energy-efficient industrial processes, businesses, residences, and transportation. As part of the America's Energy Future project, Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States examines the potential for reducing energy demand through improving efficiency by using existing technologies, technologies developed but not yet utilized widely, and prospective technologies. The book evaluates technologies based on their estimated times to initial commercial deployment, and provides an analysis of costs, barriers, and research needs. This quantitative characterization of technologies will guide policy makers toward planning the future of energy use in America. This book will also have much to offer to industry leaders, investors, environmentalists, and others looking for a practical diagnosis of energy efficiency possibilities. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Energy Research at DOE: Was It Worth It? Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy Research 1978 to 2000 %@ 978-0-309-07448-3 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10165/energy-research-at-doe-was-it-worth-it-energy-efficiency %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10165/energy-research-at-doe-was-it-worth-it-energy-efficiency %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 240 %X In legislation appropriating funds for DOE's fiscal year (FY) 2000 energy R&D budget, the House Interior Appropriations Subcommittee directed an evaluation of the benefits that have accrued to the nation from the R&D conducted since 1978 in DOE's energy efficiency and fossil energy programs. In response to the congressional charge, the National Research Council formed the Committee on Benefits of DOE R&D on Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy. From its inception, DOE's energy R&D program has been the subject of many outside evaluations. The present evaluation asks whether the benefits of the program have justified the considerable expenditure of public funds since DOE's formation in 1977, and, unlike earlier evaluations, it takes a comprehensive look at the actual outcomes of DOE's research over two decades. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Letter Report for the Committee on Prospective Benefits of DOE's Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy R&D Programs %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11532/letter-report-for-the-committee-on-prospective-benefits-of-does-energy-efficiency-and-fossil-energy-rd-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11532/letter-report-for-the-committee-on-prospective-benefits-of-does-energy-efficiency-and-fossil-energy-rd-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 14 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of Site (Point-of-Use) and Full-Fuel-Cycle Measurement Approaches to DOE/EERE Building Appliance Energy-Efficiency Standards: Letter Report %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12670/review-of-site-point-of-use-and-full-fuel-cycle-measurement-approaches-to-doeeere-building-appliance-energy-efficiency-standards %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12670/review-of-site-point-of-use-and-full-fuel-cycle-measurement-approaches-to-doeeere-building-appliance-energy-efficiency-standards %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 40 %X Currently, the Department of Energy (DOE) sets appliance efficiency standards using primarily "site" (or point-of-use) measurements, which reflect only the energy consumed to operate the appliance. Site measurements allow consumers to compare energy efficiency among appliances, but offer no information about other energy costs involved. This congressionally mandated report from the National Research Council recommends that DOE consider moving over time to the use of a full-fuel-cycle measure of energy consumption for assessment of national and environmental impacts. Using that metric would provide the public with more comprehensive information about the impacts of energy consumption on the environment, the economy, and other national concerns. This volume discusses these matters and offers several related findings and recommendations together with supporting information. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Airport Baggage Handling System Decision-Making Based on Total Cost of Ownership %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27050/airport-baggage-handling-system-decision-making-based-on-total-cost-of-ownership %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27050/airport-baggage-handling-system-decision-making-based-on-total-cost-of-ownership %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 92 %X Investments in baggage handling systems are crucial to airport operations and customer satisfaction, yet decisions are often made solely based on initial capital investment without considering the total cost of ownership (TCO). A TCO analysis could lead to cost savings and opportunities for innovation, energy efficiency, and automation. ACRP Research Report 252: Airport Baggage Handling System Decision-Making Based on Total Cost of Ownership, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, is designed to help stakeholders understand current operation and maintenance costs, establish a comprehensive governance structure, and consider procurement options and equipment selection in the context of TCO factors. Supplemental to the report are the Baggage Handling Systems TCO Decision Assist Toolkit and Appendices A–D, which present interview findings, case studies, and the baggage system design submittal process. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Options for a National Plan for Smart Manufacturing %@ 978-0-309-71084-8 %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27260/options-for-a-national-plan-for-smart-manufacturing %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27260/options-for-a-national-plan-for-smart-manufacturing %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Engineering and Technology %P 156 %X Smart manufacturing technologies - from advanced sensors to new computing capabilities - have the potential to greatly improve the productivity, energy efficiency, and sustainability of the U.S. manufacturing sector. Successfully implementing these technologies is essential for ensuring U.S. competitiveness and providing new job opportunities for the U.S. workforce. Options for a National Plan for Smart Manufacturing explores promising technologies transforming the manufacturing sector and identifies the research and resources needed to accelerate smart manufacturing adoption industry wide. This report also identifies critical needs for education and workforce development for smart manufacturing and makes actionable recommendations to support and train the next-generation manufacturing workforce. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Methodology for Estimating Prospective Benefits of Energy R&D Programs %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11176/methodology-for-estimating-prospective-benefits-of-energy-rd-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11176/methodology-for-estimating-prospective-benefits-of-energy-rd-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 13 %X Since its inception in 1977, the Department of Energy has invested substantial sums in energy efficiency and fossil energy R&D. To monitor its effectiveness, the agency and Congress have, over the years, pursued evaluation of these R&D programs that focuses on its cost and benefits. Such evaluation, however, is difficult and must incorporate the full range of public benefits as well as what might happen if that R&D had not been funded by the federal government. To help address these challenges, and at the direction of Congress, DOE asked the NRC to develop a methodology for evaluating the prospective benefits of its fossil energy and energy efficiency R&D programs. Such methodology can be used to evaluate program management and funding decisions on an ongoing basis. This letter report provides an overview of the studies approach and how it differs from retrospective studies of this R&D previously carried out by the NRC. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Ltd., TranSys Research %E Urbana-Champaign, RailTEC at the University of Illinois at %E Transcom, CPCS %E Inc., Lawson Economics Research %T Comparison of Passenger Rail Energy Consumption with Competing Modes %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22083/comparison-of-passenger-rail-energy-consumption-with-competing-modes %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22083/comparison-of-passenger-rail-energy-consumption-with-competing-modes %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 208 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Rail Research Program (NCRRP) Report 3: Comparison of Passenger Rail Energy Consumption with Competing Modes provides tools that can be used to compare energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of intercity and commuter passenger rail with those of competing travel modes along a designated travel corridor.The report summarizes the research used to develop the model and presents a set of case study applications. A technical document and user guide for the Multi-Modal Passenger Simulation Model (MMPASSIM) and a spreadsheet tool for using and customizing the model are provided as a CD attached to this report.The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM ImageDownload the .ISO CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages.NCRRP Web-Only Document 1: Technical Document and User Guide for the Multi-Modal Passenger Simulation Model for Comparing Passenger Rail Energy Consumption with Competing Modes supplements the report. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Electric Power Technologies %@ 978-0-309-37142-1 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21712/the-power-of-change-innovation-for-development-and-deployment-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21712/the-power-of-change-innovation-for-development-and-deployment-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 340 %X Electricity, supplied reliably and affordably, is foundational to the U.S. economy and is utterly indispensable to modern society. However, emissions resulting from many forms of electricity generation create environmental risks that could have significant negative economic, security, and human health consequences. Large-scale installation of cleaner power generation has been generally hampered because greener technologies are more expensive than the technologies that currently produce most of our power. Rather than trade affordability and reliability for low emissions, is there a way to balance all three? The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies considers how to speed up innovations that would dramatically improve the performance and lower the cost of currently available technologies while also developing new advanced cleaner energy technologies. According to this report, there is an opportunity for the United States to continue to lead in the pursuit of increasingly clean, more efficient electricity through innovation in advanced technologies. The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies makes the case that America's advantages—world-class universities and national laboratories, a vibrant private sector, and innovative states, cities, and regions that are free to experiment with a variety of public policy approaches—position the United States to create and lead a new clean energy revolution. This study focuses on five paths to accelerate the market adoption of increasing clean energy and efficiency technologies: (1) expanding the portfolio of cleaner energy technology options; (2) leveraging the advantages of energy efficiency; (3) facilitating the development of increasing clean technologies, including renewables, nuclear, and cleaner fossil; (4) improving the existing technologies, systems, and infrastructure; and (5) leveling the playing field for cleaner energy technologies. The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies is a call for leadership to transform the United States energy sector in order to both mitigate the risks of greenhouse gas and other pollutants and to spur future economic growth. This study's focus on science, technology, and economic policy makes it a valuable resource to guide support that produces innovation to meet energy challenges now and for the future. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy—2025-2035 %@ 978-0-309-37122-3 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26092/assessment-of-technologies-for-improving-light-duty-vehicle-fuel-economy-2025-2035 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26092/assessment-of-technologies-for-improving-light-duty-vehicle-fuel-economy-2025-2035 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 468 %X From daily commutes to cross-country road trips, millions of light-duty vehicles are on the road every day. The transportation sector is one of the United States’ largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions, and fuel is an important cost for drivers. The period from 2025-2035 could bring the most fundamental transformation in the 100-plus year history of the automobile. Battery electric vehicle costs are likely to fall and reach parity with internal combustion engine vehicles. New generations of fuel cell vehicles will be produced. Connected and automated vehicle technologies will become more common, including likely deployment of some fully automated vehicles. These new categories of vehicles will for the first time assume a major portion of new vehicle sales, while internal combustion engine vehicles with improved powertrain, design, and aerodynamics will continue to be an important part of new vehicle sales and fuel economy improvement. This study is a technical evaluation of the potential for internal combustion engine, hybrid, battery electric, fuel cell, nonpowertrain, and connected and automated vehicle technologies to contribute to efficiency in 2025-2035. In addition to making findings and recommendations related to technology cost and capabilities, Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy - 2025-2035 considers the impacts of changes in consumer behavior and regulatory regimes. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Prospective Evaluation of Applied Energy Research and Development at DOE (Phase One): A First Look Forward %@ 978-0-309-09604-1 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11277/prospective-evaluation-of-applied-energy-research-and-development-at-doe-phase-one %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11277/prospective-evaluation-of-applied-energy-research-and-development-at-doe-phase-one %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 138 %X In 2001, the National Research Council (NRC) completed a congressionally mandated assessment of the benefits and costs of DOE's fossil energy and energy efficiency R&D programs, Energy Research at DOE: Was It Worth It? The Congress followed this retrospective study by directing DOE to request the NRC to develop a methodology for assessing prospective benefits. The first phase of this project—development of the methodology—began in December 2003. Phase two will make the methodology more robust and explore related issues, and subsequent phases will apply the methodology to review the prospective benefits of different DOE fossil energy and energy efficiency R&D programs. In developing this project, three considerations were particularly important. First, the study should adapt the work of the retrospective study. Second, the project should develop a methodology that provides a rigorous calculation of benefits and risks, and a practical and consistent process for its application. Third, the methodology should be transparent, should not require extensive resources for implementation, and should produce easily understood results. This report presents the results of phase one. It focuses on adaptation of the retrospective methodology to a prospective context. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Eyring, Gregory %T Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-27023-6 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18281/energy-reduction-at-us-air-force-facilities-using-industrial-processes %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18281/energy-reduction-at-us-air-force-facilities-using-industrial-processes %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 76 %X The Department of Defense (DoD) is the largest consumer of energy in the federal government. In turn, the U.S. Air Force is the largest consumer of energy in the DoD, with a total annual energy expenditure of around $10 billion. Approximately 84 percent of Air Force energy use involves liquid fuel consumed in aviation whereas approximately 12 percent is energy (primarily electricity) used in facilities on the ground. This workshop was concerned primarily with opportunities to reduce energy consumption within Air Force facilities that employ energy intensive industrial processes—for example, assembly/disassembly, painting, metal working, and operation of radar facilities—such as those that occur in the maintenance depots and testing facilities. Air Force efforts to reduce energy consumption are driven largely by external goals and mandates derived from Congressional legislation and executive orders. To date, these goals and mandates have targeted the energy used at the building or facility level rather than in specific industrial processes. In response to a request from the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Energy and the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Science, Technology, and Engineering, the National Research Council, under the auspices of the Air Force Studies Board, formed the Committee on Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop. The terms of reference called for a committee to plan and convene one 3 day public workshop to discuss: (1) what are the current industrial processes that are least efficient and most cost ineffective? (2) what are best practices in comparable facilities for comparable processes to achieve energy efficiency? (3) what are the potential applications for the best practices to be found in comparable facilities for comparable processes to achieve energy efficiency? (4) what are constraints and considerations that might limit applicability to Air Force facilities and processes over the next ten year implementation time frame? (5) what are the costs and paybacks from implementation of the best practices? (6) what will be a proposed resulting scheme of priorities for study and implementation of the identified best practices? (7) what does a holistic representation of energy and water consumption look like within operations and maintenance? %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fourth Report %@ 978-0-309-26831-8 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18262/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-us-drive-partnership %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18262/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-us-drive-partnership %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Engineering and Technology %P 200 %X Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fourth Report follows on three previous NRC reviews of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, which was the predecessor of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership (NRC, 2005, 2008a, 2010). The U.S. DRIVE (Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability) vision, according to the charter of the Partnership, is this: American consumers have a broad range of affordable personal transportation choices that reduce petroleum consumption and significantly reduce harmful emissions from the transportation sector. Its mission is as follows: accelerate the development of pre-competitive and innovative technologies to enable a full range of efficient and clean advanced light-duty vehicles (LDVs), as well as related energy infrastructure. The Partnership focuses on precompetitive research and development (R&D) that can help to accelerate the emergence of advanced technologies to be commercialization-feasible. The guidance for the work of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership as well as the priority setting and targets for needed research are provided by joint industry/government technical teams. This structure has been demonstrated to be an effective means of identifying high-priority, long-term precompetitive research needs for each technology with which the Partnership is involved. Technical areas in which research and development as well as technology validation programs have been pursued include the following: internal combustion engines (ICEs) potentially operating on conventional and various alternative fuels, automotive fuel cell power systems, hydrogen storage systems (especially onboard vehicles), batteries and other forms of electrochemical energy storage, electric propulsion systems, hydrogen production and delivery, and materials leading to vehicle weight reductions. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fifth Report %@ 978-0-309-45687-6 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24717/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-us-drive-partnership %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24717/review-of-the-research-program-of-the-us-drive-partnership %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 254 %X Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership: Fifth Report follows on four previous reviews of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, which was the predecessor of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership. The U.S. DRIVE (Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability) vision, according to the charter of the Partnership, is this: American consumers have a broad range of affordable personal transportation choices that reduce petroleum consumption and significantly reduce harmful emissions from the transportation sector. Its mission is as follows: accelerate the development of pre-competitive and innovative technologies to enable a full range of efficient and clean advanced light-duty vehicles (LDVs), as well as related energy infrastructure. The Partnership focuses on precompetitive research and development (R&D) that can help to accelerate the emergence of advanced technologies to be commercialization-feasible. The guidance for the work of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership as well as the priority setting and targets for needed research are provided by joint industry/government technical teams. This structure has been demonstrated to be an effective means of identifying high-priority, long-term precompetitive research needs for each technology with which the Partnership is involved. Technical areas in which research and development as well as technology validation programs have been pursued include the following: internal combustion engines (ICEs) potentially operating on conventional and various alternative fuels, automotive fuel cell power systems, hydrogen storage systems (especially onboard vehicles), batteries and other forms of electrochemical energy storage, electric propulsion systems, hydrogen production and delivery, and materials leading to vehicle weight reductions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Holmes, K. John %T Modeling the Economics of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-16235-7 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13023/modeling-the-economics-of-greenhouse-gas-mitigation-summary-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13023/modeling-the-economics-of-greenhouse-gas-mitigation-summary-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 160 %X Models are fundamental for estimating the possible costs and effectiveness of different policies for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There is a wide array of models to perform such analysis, differing in the level of technological detail, treatment of technological progress, spatial and sector details, and representation of the interaction of the energy sector to the overall economy and environment. These differences impact model results, including cost estimates. More fundamentally, these models differ as to how they represent fundamental processes that have a large impact on policy analysis--such as how different models represent technological learning and cost reductions that come through increasing production volumes, or how different models represent baseline conditions. Reliable estimates of the costs and potential impacts on the United States economy of various emissions reduction and other mitigation strategies are critical to the development of the federal climate change research and development portfolio. At the request of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Academies organized a workshop, summarized in this volume, to consider some of these types of modeling issues. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Research Council %T America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation %@ 978-0-309-11602-2 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12091/americas-energy-future-technology-and-transformation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12091/americas-energy-future-technology-and-transformation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 736 %X For multi-user PDF licensing, please contact customer service. Energy touches our lives in countless ways and its costs are felt when we fill up at the gas pump, pay our home heating bills, and keep businesses both large and small running. There are long-term costs as well: to the environment, as natural resources are depleted and pollution contributes to global climate change, and to national security and independence, as many of the world's current energy sources are increasingly concentrated in geopolitically unstable regions. The country's challenge is to develop an energy portfolio that addresses these concerns while still providing sufficient, affordable energy reserves for the nation. The United States has enormous resources to put behind solutions to this energy challenge; the dilemma is to identify which solutions are the right ones. Before deciding which energy technologies to develop, and on what timeline, we need to understand them better. America's Energy Future analyzes the potential of a wide range of technologies for generation, distribution, and conservation of energy. This book considers technologies to increase energy efficiency, coal-fired power generation, nuclear power, renewable energy, oil and natural gas, and alternative transportation fuels. It offers a detailed assessment of the associated impacts and projected costs of implementing each technology and categorizes them into three time frames for implementation. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E LLC, Stephen Barrett Barrett, Energy Resources Group %T Airport Greenhouse Gas Reduction Efforts %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25609/airport-greenhouse-gas-reduction-efforts %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25609/airport-greenhouse-gas-reduction-efforts %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 118 %X Airports in the United States are responding to the demand for increased air travel with sustainable development that incorporates more energy-efficient and lower-emission technologies. Funding for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions-reducing technologies, such as electrification, alternative fuels, and renewable energy, has also become more accessible as technologies are proven to be safe, reliable, and cost-effective.Newer strategies and programs to reduce GHG emissions reach beyond airport operations to incorporate the traveling public. These are among the findings in the TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 100: Airport Greenhouse Gas Reduction Efforts. The report assesses (1) the state of practice of GHG emissions reduction initiatives at airports, and (2) the lessons learned to support the successful implementation of future GHG reduction projects.The report also finds that large airports are taking the lead in moving beyond reduction strategies for their own emissions and tackling those produced by tenants and the traveling public by supporting the use of alternative fuels and directing passengers to airport carbon offset platforms.It is clear that airports regard energy-efficiency measures to be the most effective practice to reducing GHG emissions. Smaller airports, in particular, are adopting new technologies associated with more efficient heating and cooling infrastructure and lighting systems because they decrease energy consumption and make economic sense. GHG reduction projects are being implemented by different types of airports across the industry because of the cost savings and the environmental benefits of the new technology.Airports are actively benchmarking emission-reduction progress in comparison with similar efforts at airports around the world by using frameworks employed by the industry globally, such as the Airport Carbon Accreditation Program and the airport carbon emissions reporting tool (ACERT), to measure their GHG emissions.Innovative approaches are allowing airports to address rapidly changing consumer behaviors, like those presented in recent years by transportation network companies (TNCs) such as Uber and Lyft. These policy-based solutions offer the potential for wider adoption as they enable airports to act without significant capital expenditures. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Assessment of Advanced Solid-State Lighting %@ 978-0-309-27011-3 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18279/assessment-of-advanced-solid-state-lighting %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18279/assessment-of-advanced-solid-state-lighting %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Engineering and Technology %P 140 %X The standard incandescent light bulb, which still works mainly as Thomas Edison invented it, converts more than 90% of the consumed electricity into heat. Given the availability of newer lighting technologies that convert a greater percentage of electricity into useful light, there is potential to decrease the amount of energy used for lighting in both commercial and residential applications. Although technologies such as compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) have emerged in the past few decades and will help achieve the goal of increased energy efficiency, solid-state lighting (SSL) stands to play a large role in dramatically decreasing U.S. energy consumption for lighting. This report summarizes the current status of SSL technologies and products—light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic LEDs (OLEDs)—and evaluates barriers to their improved cost and performance. Assessment of Advanced Solid State Lighting also discusses factors involved in achieving widespread deployment and consumer acceptance of SSL products. These factors include the perceived quality of light emitted by SSL devices, ease of use and the useful lifetime of these devices, issues of initial high cost, and possible benefits of reduced energy consumption.