TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Flexible Electronics Opportunity SN - DO - 10.17226/18812 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18812/the-flexible-electronics-opportunity PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Flexible electronics describes circuits that can bend and stretch, enabling significant versatility in applications and the prospect of low-cost manufacturing processes. They represent an important technological advance, in terms of their performance characteristics and potential range of applications, ranging from medical care, packaging, lighting and signage, consumer electronics and alternative energy (especially solar energy.) What these technologies have in common is a dependence on efficient manufacturing that currently requires improved technology, processes, tooling, and materials, as well as ongoing research. Seeking to capture the global market opportunity in flexible electronics, major U.S. competitors have initiated dedicated programs that are large in scope and supported with significant government funding to develop and acquire these new technologies, refine them, and ultimately manufacture them within their national borders. These national and regional investments are significantly larger than U.S. investment and more weighted toward later stage applied research and development. The Flexible Electronics Opportunity examines and compares selected innovation programs both foreign and domestic, and their potential to advance the production of flexible electronics technology in the United States. This report reviews the goals, concept, structure, operation, funding levels, and evaluation of foreign programs similar to major U.S. programs, e.g., innovation awards, S&T parks, and consortia. The report describes the transition of flexible electronics research into products and to makes recommendations to improve and to develop U.S. programs. Through an examination of the role of research consortia around the world to advance flexible electronics technology, the report makes recommendations for steps that the U.S. might consider to develop a robust industry in the United States. Significant U.S. expansion in the market for flexible electronics technologies is not likely to occur in the absence of mechanisms to address investment risks, the sharing of intellectual property, and the diverse technology requirements associated with developing and manufacturing flexible electronics technologies. The Flexible Electronics Opportunity makes recommendations for collaboration among industry, universities, and government to achieve the critical levels of investment and the acceleration of new technology development that are needed to catalyze a vibrant flexible electronics industry. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Holly E. Reed A2 - Charles B. Keely TI - Forced Migration and Mortality SN - DO - 10.17226/10086 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10086/forced-migration-and-mortality PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - In recent years the number of complex humanitarian emergencies around the world has been steadily increasing. War and political, ethnic, racial, and religious strife continually force people to migrate against their will. These forced migrants create a stream of new challenges for relief workers and policy makers. A better understanding of the characteristics of refugee populations and of the population dynamics of these situations is vital. Improved research and insights can enhance disaster management, refugee camp administration, and repatriation or resettlement programs. Forced Migration and Mortality examines mortality patterns in complex human- itarian emergencies, reviewing the state of knowledge, as well as how patterns may change in the new century. It contains four case studies of mortality in recent emergencies: Rwanda, North Korea, Kosovo, and Cambodia. Because refugees and internally displaced persons are likely to continue to be a significant humanitarian concern for many years, research in this field is critical. This is the first book to comprehensively explore forced migration and mortality and it provides useful material for researchers, policy makers, and relief workers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - The Future of the U.S.-Soviet Nuclear Relationship SN - DO - 10.17226/1846 PY - 1991 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1846/the-future-of-the-us-soviet-nuclear-relationship PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The United States and the Soviet Union could drastically reduce their nuclear arsenals below the levels prescribed by the new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). The end of the Cold War and the transformation of international security now under way present the United States with opportunities to develop new policies based on greater international cooperation with the Soviet Union and other major powers. This new book describes two lower levels of nuclear forces that could be achieved, as well as other related measures to improve international security. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Competitive Status of the U.S. Fibers, Textiles, and Apparel Complex: A Study of the Influences of Technology in Determining International Industrial Competitive Advantage SN - DO - 10.17226/292 PY - 1983 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/292/the-competitive-status-of-the-us-fibers-textiles-and-apparel-complex PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Cynthia B. Lloyd A2 - Jere R. Behrman A2 - Nelly P. Stromquist A2 - Barney Cohen TI - The Changing Transitions to Adulthood in Developing Countries: Selected Studies SN - DO - 10.17226/11524 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11524/the-changing-transitions-to-adulthood-in-developing-countries-selected-studies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Serving as a companion to Growing Up Global, this book from the National Research Council explores how the transition to adulthood is changing in developing countries in light of globalization and what the implications of these changes might be for those responsible for designing youth policies and programs. Presenting a detailed series of studies, this volume both complements its precursor and makes for a useful contribution in its own right. It should be of significant interest to scholars, leaders of civil society, and those charged with designing youth policies and programs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Global Sources of Local Pollution: An Assessment of Long-Range Transport of Key Air Pollutants to and from the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/12743 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12743/global-sources-of-local-pollution-an-assessment-of-long-range PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - U.S.-Iran Discussion on Environmental Trends: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/25155 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25155/us-iran-discussion-on-environmental-trends-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - On December 4-6, 2017, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, with the support of The World Academy of Sciences, convened a workshop in Trieste, Italy, where American and Iranian researchers discussed global environmental trends. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Charles W. Wessner TI - Innovation Policies for the 21st Century: Report of a Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/11852 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11852/innovation-policies-for-the-21st-century-report-of-a-symposium PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Policy for Science and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Charles W. Wessner TI - International Friction and Cooperation in High-Technology Development and Trade: Papers and Proceedings SN - DO - 10.17226/5902 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5902/international-friction-and-cooperation-in-high-technology-development-and-trade PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - John Bongaarts A2 - Rodolfo A. Bulatao TI - Beyond Six Billion: Forecasting the World's Population SN - DO - 10.17226/9828 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9828/beyond-six-billion-forecasting-the-worlds-population PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Is rapid world population growth actually coming to an end? As population growth and its consequences have become front-page issues, projections of slowing growth from such institutions as the United Nations and the World Bank have been called into question. Beyond Six Billion asks what such projections really say, why they say it, whether they can be trusted, and whether they can be improved. The book includes analysis of how well past U.N. and World Bank projections have panned out, what errors have occurred, and why they have happened. Focusing on fertility as one key to accurate projections, the committee examines the transition from high, constant fertility to low fertility levels and discusses whether developing countries will eventually attain the very low levels of births now observed in the industrialized world. Other keys to accurate projections, predictions of lengthening life span and of the impact of international migration on specific countries, are also explored in detail. How good are our methods of population forecasting? How can we cope with the inevitable uncertainty? What population trends can we anticipate? Beyond Six Billion illuminates not only the forces that shape population growth but also the accuracy of the methods we use to quantify these forces and the uncertainty surrounding projections. The Committee on Population was established by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1983 to bring the knowledge and methods of the population sciences to bear on major issues of science and public policy. The committee's work includes both basic studies of fertility, health and mortality, and migration; and applied studies aimed at improving programs for the public health and welfare in the United States and in developing countries. The committee also fosters communication among researchers in different disciplines and countries and policy makers in government, international agencies, and private organizations. The work of the committee is made possible by funding from several government agencies and private foundations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Increasing Capacity for Stewardship of Oceans and Coasts: A Priority for the 21st Century SN - DO - 10.17226/12043 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12043/increasing-capacity-for-stewardship-of-oceans-and-coasts-a-priority PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Marine environments support the livelihoods, economies, and quality of life for communities around the world. But growth of coastal populations and increasing demands on marine resources are putting the future of ocean and coastal resources at risk through impacts such as overfishing, wetland drainage, climate change, and pollution of coastal waters. Given these demands, it is vital to build capacity—the people, the institutions, and technology and tools—needed to manage ocean resources. Unfortunately, many capacity building efforts focus on specific projects rather than on capacity building as goal unto itself, resulting in activities that are not funded or sustained past the typically short project lifetime. This book finds that the most successful capacity-building efforts meet the needs of a specific locale or region based on periodic assessments and include plans to maintain and expand capacity after the project ends. The report recommends ways that governments and organizations can help strengthen marine protection and management capacity, including conducting periodic program assessments, making plans to sustain funding, and developing leadership and political will. The book was produced at the request of Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the President's Circle of the National Academies, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, the Marisla Foundation, and the Curtis and Edith Munson Foundation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - China and Global Change: Opportunities for Collaboration SN - DO - 10.17226/2075 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2075/china-and-global-change-opportunities-for-collaboration PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Given China's current and potential impacts on the global environment and the contributions Chinese science can make to global change research, China's full participation in international research programs dealing with global change is very important. This book provides insights into how research priorities are determined and detailed information about institutional infrastructure, human resources, and other factors that will constrain or facilitate Chinese responses to and research on global change issues. An overview of research relevant to the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program and the World Climate Research Program is presented. Additionally, research in certain areas of atmospheric chemistry and physical and ecological interactions of the atmosphere and land surface are explored in further detail. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Science, Technology, and the Future of the U.S.-Japan Relationship DO - 10.17226/9506 PY - 1990 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9506/science-technology-and-the-future-of-the-us-japan-relationship PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Soils: The Foundation of Life: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/24866 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24866/soils-the-foundation-of-life-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - On World Soils Day, December 5, 2016, the U.S. National Committee for Soil Sciences convened a workshop on Soils: The Foundation of Life in Washington, DC. The purpose of the workshop was to increase awareness of the complexity of the roles and great importance of soils to national security, food and nutritional security, water quality and renewability, climate change mitigation and adaptation, human health, biological diversity, and more. This publication highlights the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Global Economy, Global Technology, Global Corporations: Reports of a Joint Task Force of the National Research Council and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science on the Rights and Responsibilities of Multinational Corporations in an Age of Technological Interdependence SN - DO - 10.17226/6113 PY - 1998 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6113/global-economy-global-technology-global-corporations-reports-of-a-joint PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Engineering and Technology ER - TY - BOOK TI - (NAS Colloquium) Plants and Population: Is There Time? DO - 10.17226/9619 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9619/nas-colloquium-plants-and-population-is-there-time PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Food Aid Projections for the Decade of the 1990s SN - DO - 10.17226/1418 PY - 1988 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1418/food-aid-projections-for-the-decade-of-the-1990s PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - This book presents the results of a meeting held by the Board on Science and Technology for International Development. At this meeting, six groups of modelers presented their best estimates of the food aid/food commodity trade picture during the period 1991-2000. These estimates are based on each modeler's own database and own assumptions about trends in global policy, climate, population, and economics. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - James F. Smith and Joshua Greenberg TI - Preparing Airports for Communicable Diseases on Arriving Flights DO - 10.17226/24880 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24880/preparing-airports-for-communicable-diseases-on-arriving-flights PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 83: Preparing Airports for Communicable Diseases on Arriving Flights examines current disease preparedness and response practices at U.S. and Canadian airports in coordination with public health officers and partners. While larger airports that receive international flights are most likely to experience the challenges associated with these events, the preparedness and response lessons are transferable to the aviation sector more widely. Smaller airports may be final destinations of those traveling with communicable diseases, so report findings are useful to all airport operators and local public health officers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Assessing the United States Institute of Peace Jennings Randolph Senior Fellowship SN - DO - 10.17226/12547 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12547/assessing-the-united-states-institute-of-peace-jennings-randolph-senior-fellowship PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Health and Medicine AB - The United States Institute of Peace (USIP) is an independent, nonpartisan, national institution established and funded by the U.S. Congress. The goals of the USIP are to help prevent and resolve violent international conflicts; promote post-conflict stability and development; and to increase conflict management capacity, tools, and intellectual capital worldwide. One way the USIP meets those goals is through the Jennings Randolph Program for International Peace, which awards Senior Fellowships to outstanding scholars, policymakers, journalists, and other professionals from around the world to conduct research at the USIP. The Fellowship Program began in 1987, and 253 Fellowships have been awarded through 2007. This book presents a preliminary assessment of the Fellowship Program, and recommends certain steps to improve it, including more rigorous and systematic monitoring and evaluation of the Fellowship in the future. The committee also makes several recommendations intended to help USIP gain further knowledge about the perceptions of the Fellowships in the wider expert community. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Diplomacy for the 21st Century: Embedding a Culture of Science and Technology Throughout the Department of State SN - DO - 10.17226/21730 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21730/diplomacy-for-the-21st-century-embedding-a-culture-of-science PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Diplomacy for the 21st Century recommends steps that the Department of State should embrace to take full advantage of the leading science and technology (S&T) capabilities of the United States. These capabilities provide the department with many opportunities to promote a variety of the interests of the United States and its allies in a rapidly changing world wherein S&T are important drivers of economic development at home and abroad and help ensure international security. This report assesses and makes recommendations concerning the changing environment for the conduct of diplomacy in the years ahead, with a focus on the role of S&T in the development and implementation of U.S. policies and programs. According to this report, prompt steps by the department's leadership are essential to ensure adequate comprehension of the importance of S&T-related developments throughout the world and to incorporate this understanding within the nation's foreign policy for the 21st century. This report also urges the adoption by the department of a broader whole-of-society approach in carrying out its responsibilities at home and abroad - extending beyond traditional interagency coordination and the narrow band of current external partners to include foundations, universities, research centers, and other groups who are extending their international reach. ER -