@BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "An Assessment of Selected Programs at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Engineering Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2020", isbn = "978-0-309-25729-9", abstract = "National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Engineering Laboratory has a long and distinguished record of technological leadership, innovation, and experience in providing analysis and solutions to large and small problems. Engineering Laboratory research quality is exemplified by the programs' science-based tools and outputs.\nThis report assesses the scientific and technical work performed by the NIST Engineering Laboratory and presents findings, conclusions, and recommendations to advance the mission and vision of NIST with a focus on strategic thinking and planning to support long-term efforts.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26051/an-assessment-of-selected-programs-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-engineering-laboratory", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach", isbn = "978-0-309-18677-3", abstract = "The United States will certainly be subject to damaging earthquakes in the future. Some of these earthquakes will occur in highly populated and vulnerable areas. Coping with moderate earthquakes is not a reliable indicator of preparedness for a major earthquake in a populated area. The recent, disastrous, magnitude-9 earthquake that struck northern Japan demonstrates the threat that earthquakes pose. Moreover, the cascading nature of impacts-the earthquake causing a tsunami, cutting electrical power supplies, and stopping the pumps needed to cool nuclear reactors-demonstrates the potential complexity of an earthquake disaster. Such compound disasters can strike any earthquake-prone populated area. National Earthquake Resilience presents a roadmap for increasing our national resilience to earthquakes.\nThe National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) is the multi-agency program mandated by Congress to undertake activities to reduce the effects of future earthquakes in the United States. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-the lead NEHRP agency-commissioned the National Research Council (NRC) to develop a roadmap for earthquake hazard and risk reduction in the United States that would be based on the goals and objectives for achieving national earthquake resilience described in the 2008 NEHRP Strategic Plan. National Earthquake Resilience does this by assessing the activities and costs that would be required for the nation to achieve earthquake resilience in 20 years.\nNational Earthquake Resilience interprets resilience broadly to incorporate engineering\/science (physical), social\/economic (behavioral), and institutional (governing) dimensions. Resilience encompasses both pre-disaster preparedness activities and post-disaster response. In combination, these will enhance the robustness of communities in all earthquake-vulnerable regions of our nation so that they can function adequately following damaging earthquakes. While National Earthquake Resilience is written primarily for the NEHRP, it also speaks to a broader audience of policy makers, earth scientists, and emergency managers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13092/national-earthquake-resilience-research-implementation-and-outreach", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Foundations for Residential Structures in Seismic Areas", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21509/foundations-for-residential-structures-in-seismic-areas", year = 1969, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Rutherford H. Platt and Susan B. Mockler", title = "Natural Disasters and Energy Policy: A Summary of the Forum on Natural Diasters and Energy Policy, June 12, 2001, Washington, DC", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10303/natural-disasters-and-energy-policy-a-summary-of-the-forum", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Improved Seismic Monitoring - Improved Decision-Making: Assessing the Value of Reduced Uncertainty", isbn = "978-0-309-09695-9", abstract = "Improved Seismic Monitoring\u2014Improved Decision-Making, describes and assesses the\nvaried economic benefits potentially derived from modernizing and expanding seismic\nmonitoring activities in the United States. These benefits include more effective\nloss avoidance regulations and strategies, improved understanding of earthquake\nprocesses, better engineering design, more effective hazard mitigation strategies,\nand improved emergency response and recovery. The economic principles that must\nbe applied to determine potential benefits are reviewed and the report concludes\nthat although there is insufficient information available at present to fully quantify\nall the potential benefits, the annual dollar costs for improved seismic monitoring\nare in the tens of millions and the potential annual dollar benefits are in the hundreds\nof millions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11327/improved-seismic-monitoring-improved-decision-making-assessing-the-value-of", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program at Twenty-Five Years: Accomplishments and Challenges -- Summary of a Workshop, February 20, 2003, Washington, DC", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10761/the-national-earthquake-hazards-reduction-program-at-twenty-five-years", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Report of the Observer Panel for the U.S.-Japan Earthquake Policy Symposium", isbn = "978-0-309-05691-5", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5473/report-of-the-observer-panel-for-the-us-japan-earthquake-policy-symposium", year = 1997, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Preventing Earthquake Disasters: The Grand Challenge in Earthquake Engineering: A Research Agenda for the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)", isbn = "978-0-309-09064-3", abstract = "The Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES), administered by the National Science Foundation (NSF), is scheduled to become operational in 2004. These network sites will perform a range of experiments to test and validate complex computer models being developed to simulate the behavior of structures subjected to earthquakes. To assist in this effort, the NSF requested the National Research Council(NRC) to frame the major questions to be addressed by and to develop a long-term research agenda for NEES. Preventing Earthquake Disasters presents an overview of the grand challenge including six critical research problems making up that challenge. The report also provides an assessment of earthquake engineering research issues and the role of information technology in that research effort, and a research plan for NEES.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10799/preventing-earthquake-disasters-the-grand-challenge-in-earthquake-engineering-a", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Glenn Schweitzer and Yousef Sobouti", title = "Science as a Gateway to Understanding: International Workshop Proceedings, Tehran, Iran", isbn = "978-0-309-12879-7", abstract = "In October 2007, the U.S. National Academies and the Iranian Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science organized the first of a series of planned U.S.-Iranian workshops on the topic \"Science as a Gateway to Understanding.\" This new workshop series is a component of the broader effort of the National Academies to support bilateral workshops and exchange visits in a variety of fields with a number of Iranian institutions that began in 2000. \n\nThis book includes papers that were presented at the workshop and summaries of the discussions that followed some of the presentations. At the conclusion of the workshop there was general agreement that the presentations on many aspects of science and scientific cooperation that have a bearing on mutual understanding were an important first step. Several participants underscored that the next workshop should emphasize how scientific cooperation can lead in concrete terms to improved understanding among both academic and political leaders from the two countries.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12539/science-as-a-gateway-to-understanding-international-workshop-proceedings-tehran", year = 2008, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Ruxandra Floroiu and Richard T. Sylves", title = "Alerting America: Effective Risk Communication: Summary of a Forum", abstract = "This is a summary of presentations and discussion from a forum on risk communication convened by the Natural Disasters Roundtable. Issues related to risk communication were discussed at the forum by speakers and participants from the scientific community, local and federal agencies, and media organizations. The need for more research and actions to further the nation\u2019s risk communication capacity and make communities less vulnerable to natural, technological, and human-induced disasters was an overarching theme of the day. This summary is authored by Ruxandra Floroiu, formerly of the National Research Council and by Richard T. Sylves, University of Delaware.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10652/alerting-america-effective-risk-communication-summary-of-a-forum", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Practical Lessons from the Loma Prieta Earthquake", isbn = "978-0-309-05030-2", abstract = "The Loma Prieta earthquake struck the San Francisco area on October 17, 1989, causing 63 deaths and $10 billion worth of damage. This book reviews existing research on the Loma Prieta quake and draws from it practical lessons that could be applied to other earthquake-prone areas of the country. The volume contains seven keynote papers presented at a symposium on the earthquake and includes an overview written by the committee offering recommendations to improve seismic safety and earthquake awareness in parts of the country susceptible to earthquakes.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2269/practical-lessons-from-the-loma-prieta-earthquake", year = 1994, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Estimating Losses from Future Earthquakes: Panel Report", isbn = "978-0-309-07819-1", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1734/estimating-losses-from-future-earthquakes-panel-report", year = 1989, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Grand Challenges in Earthquake Engineering Research: A Community Workshop Report", isbn = "978-0-309-21452-0", abstract = "As geological threats become more imminent, society must make a major commitment to increase the resilience of its communities, infrastructure, and citizens. Recent earthquakes in Japan, New Zealand, Haiti, and Chile provide stark reminders of the devastating impact major earthquakes have on the lives and economic stability of millions of people worldwide. The events in Haiti continue to show that poor planning and governance lead to long-term chaos, while nations like Chile demonstrate steady recovery due to modern earthquake planning and proper construction and mitigation activities.\n\nAt the request of the National Science Foundation, the National Research Council hosted a two-day workshop to give members of the community an opportunity to identify \"Grand Challenges\" for earthquake engineering research that are needed to achieve an earthquake resilient society, as well as to describe networks of earthquake engineering experimental capabilities and cyberinfrastructure tools that could continue to address ongoing areas of concern. Grand Challenges in Earthquake Engineering Research: A Community Workshop Report explores the priorities and problems regions face in reducing consequent damage and spurring technological preparedness advances.\n\nOver the course of the Grand Challenges in Earthquake Engineering Research workshop, 13 grand challenge problems emerged and were summarized in terms of five overarching themes including: community resilience framework, decision making, simulation, mitigation, and design tools. Participants suggested 14 experimental facilities and cyberinfrastructure tools that would be needed to carry out testing, observations, and simulations, and to analyze the results. The report also reviews progressive steps that have been made in research and development, and considers what factors will accelerate transformative solutions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13167/grand-challenges-in-earthquake-engineering-research-a-community-workshop-report", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Estimating Losses from Future Earthquakes", isbn = "978-0-309-07818-4", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1361/estimating-losses-from-future-earthquakes", year = 1989, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Living on an Active Earth: Perspectives on Earthquake Science", isbn = "978-0-309-06562-7", abstract = "The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times, yet the scientific study of earthquakes is a surprisingly recent endeavor. Instrumental recordings of earthquakes were not made until the second half of the 19th century, and the primary mechanism for generating seismic waves was not identified until the beginning of the 20th century.\nFrom this recent start, a range of laboratory, field, and theoretical investigations have developed into a vigorous new discipline: the science of earthquakes. As a basic science, it provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake behavior and related phenomena in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. As an applied science, it provides a knowledge base of great practical value for a global society whose infrastructure is built on the Earth's active crust.\n\nThis book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that will strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this exciting new discipline.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10493/living-on-an-active-earth-perspectives-on-earthquake-science", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Peter R. Sparks", title = "Building Damage in South Carolina Caused by the Tornadoes of March 28, 1984", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19291/building-damage-in-south-carolina-caused-by-the-tornadoes-of-march-28-1984", year = 1985, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Steve Olson", title = "Increasing National Resilience to Hazards and Disasters: The Perspective from the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Mississippi: Summary of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-21527-5", abstract = "Natural disasters are having an increasing effect on the lives of people in the United States and throughout the world. Every decade, property damage caused by natural disasters and hazards doubles or triples in the United States. More than half of the U.S. population lives within 50 miles of a coast, and all Americans are at risk from such hazards as fires, earthquakes, floods, and wind. The year 2010 saw 950 natural catastrophes around the world--the second highest annual total ever--with overall losses estimated at $130 billion. The increasing impact of natural disasters and hazards points to increasing importance of resilience, the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, or more successfully adapt to actual or potential adverse events, at the individual , local, state, national, and global levels. \nAssessing National Resilience to Hazards and Disasters reviews the effects of Hurricane Katrina and other natural and human-induced disasters on the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Mississippi and to learn more about the resilience of those areas to future disasters. Topics explored in the workshop range from insurance, building codes, and critical infrastructure to private-sector issues, public health, nongovernmental organizations and governance. This workshop summary provides a rich foundation of information to help increase the nation's resilience through actionable recommendations and guidance on the best approaches to reduce adverse impacts from hazards and disasters.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13178/increasing-national-resilience-to-hazards-and-disasters-the-perspective-from", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Howard Kunreuther and Richard J. Roth, Sr.", title = "Paying the Price: The Status and Role of Insurance Against Natural Disasters in the United States", isbn = "978-0-309-06361-6", abstract = "This book considers the effectiveness of insurance coverage for low-probability, high-consequence events such as natural disasters\u2014and how insurance programs can successfully be used with other policy tools, such as building codes and standards, to encourage effective loss reduction measures.\nThe authors discuss the reasons for the dramatic increase in insured losses from natural disasters since 1989 and the concern that insurers have about their ability to provide coverage against more such events in the future. It addresses why there has been an increasing demand for hazards insurance, what types of coverage private insurers are willing to offer, and the role of reinsurance and private-\/public-sector initiatives at the state and federal levels for providing protection to victims of natural disasters.\nDetailed case studies of the challenges facing Florida in the wake of Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and California following the Northridge earthquake in 1994 reveal the challenges facing the insurance industry as well as other concerned stakeholders. The National Flood Insurance Program illustrates how a public-\/private-sector partnership can mitigate damages and provide financial protection to victims. The book identifies new initiatives for reducing future losses and providing funds for recovery through cooperation by the relevant parties.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5784/paying-the-price-the-status-and-role-of-insurance-against", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "International Science in the National Interest at the U.S. Geological Survey", isbn = "978-0-309-22449-9", abstract = "Science at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is intrinsically global, and from early in its history, the USGS has successfully carried out international projects that serve U.S. national interests and benefit the USGS domestic mission. Opportunities abound for the USGS to strategically pursue international science in the next 5-10 years that bears on growing worldwide problems having direct impact on the United States\u2014climate and ecosystem changes, natural disasters, the spread of invasive species, and diminishing natural resources, to name a few. Taking a more coherent, proactive agency approach to international science\u2014and building support for international projects currently in progress-would help the USGS participate in international science activities more effectively.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13302/international-science-in-the-national-interest-at-the-us-geological-survey", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Making the Nation Safe from Fire: A Path Forward in Research", isbn = "978-0-309-08970-8", abstract = "The committee that prepared this report was charged with assessing the state of fire safety research and describing the potential role of the NSF in improving fire safety in the United States. This report highlights markers along a pathway to the future, discusses the nation's fire research needs and the resources that will be required, and suggests a role for NSF and other key agencies and institutions. The committee urges national leaders in government and industry to aggressively support fire research needs, filling voids in the body of knowledge, sharpening engineering tools, and creating a database that will allow performance-based approaches to maximize their contribution to public safety in the United States.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10777/making-the-nation-safe-from-fire-a-path-forward-in", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }