%0 Book %T Impact of New Disruptive Technologies on the Performance of DOTs %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27292/impact-of-new-disruptive-technologies-on-the-performance-of-dots %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27292/impact-of-new-disruptive-technologies-on-the-performance-of-dots %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 102 %X Technology is at the core of the surface transportation system and is embodied in existing and new scientific knowledge and infrastructure, hardware, and software processes. It is designed to improve performance and cost-effectiveness of infrastructure and the vehicles, systems, and services that utilize the infrastructure. In recent years, a series of rapid advances in key technology areas such as sensors, communications, artificial intelligence, energy storage, nanomaterials, and robotics have combined to provide the potential to improve the performance and safety of the transportation system as well as the agencies’ organizational capabilities to manage performance. Firms are remixing decades-old “core” technologies of the Internet, mobile and cloud computing, artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML), robotics, and additive manufacturing (3D printing) with new business models to create new forms of work and mobility. NCHRP Web-Only Document 371: Impact of New Disruptive Technologies on the Performance of DOTs, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, is supplemental to NCHRP Research Report 1075: Becoming a Tech-Savvy DOT of Tomorrow and develops a guide for state DOTs and other transportation planning agencies to understand, predict, plan for, and adapt to the potential impacts of emerging disruptive technologies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies %@ 978-0-309-11660-2 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12557/persistent-forecasting-of-disruptive-technologies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12557/persistent-forecasting-of-disruptive-technologies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 136 %X Technological innovations are key causal agents of surprise and disruption. In the recent past, the United States military has encountered unexpected challenges in the battlefield due in part to the adversary's incorporation of technologies not traditionally associated with weaponry. Recognizing the need to broaden the scope of current technology forecasting efforts, the Office of the Director, Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E) and the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) tasked the Committee for Forecasting Future Disruptive Technologies with providing guidance and insight on how to build a persistent forecasting system to predict, analyze, and reduce the impact of the most dramatically disruptive technologies. The first of two reports, this volume analyzes existing forecasting methods and processes. It then outlines the necessary characteristics of a comprehensive forecasting system that integrates data from diverse sources to identify potentially game-changing technological innovations and facilitates informed decision making by policymakers. The committee's goal was to help the reader understand current forecasting methodologies, the nature of disruptive technologies and the characteristics of a persistent forecasting system for disruptive technology. Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies is a useful text for the Department of Defense, Homeland Security, the Intelligence community and other defense agencies across the nation. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Weisfeld, Victoria %E English, Rebecca A. %E Claiborne, Anne B. %T Public Engagement and Clinical Trials: New Models and Disruptive Technologies: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-21929-7 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13237/public-engagement-and-clinical-trials-new-models-and-disruptive-technologies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13237/public-engagement-and-clinical-trials-new-models-and-disruptive-technologies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 140 %X Clinical trials provide essential information needed to turn basic medical research findings into patient treatments. New treatments must be studied in large numbers of humans to find out whether they are effective and to assess any harm that may arise from treatment. There is growing recognition among many stakeholders that the U.S. clinical trials enterprise is unable to keep pace with the national demand for research results. The IOM, along with the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, held a workshop June 27-28, 2011, to engage stakeholders and experts in a discussion about possible solutions to improve public engagement in clinical trials. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies—Report 2 %@ 978-0-309-14904-4 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12834/persistent-forecasting-of-disruptive-technologies-report-2 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12834/persistent-forecasting-of-disruptive-technologies-report-2 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 341 %X The term "disruptive technology" describes a technology that results in a sudden change affecting already established technologies or markets. Disruptive technologies cause one or more discontinuities in the normal evolutionary life cycle of technology. This may lead to an unexpected destabilization of an older technology order and an opportunity for new competitors to displace incumbents. Frequently cited examples include digital photography and desktop publishing. The first report of the series, Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies, discussed how technology forecasts were historically made, assessed various existing forecasting systems, and identified desirable attributes of a next-generation persistent long-term forecasting system for disruptive technologies. This second book attempts to sketch out high-level forecasting system designs. In addition, the book provides further evaluation of the system attributes defined in the first report, and evidence of the feasibility of creating a system with those attributes. Together, the reports are intended to help the Department of Defense and the intelligence community identify and develop a forecasting system that will assist in detecting and tracking global technology trends, producing persistent long-term forecasts of disruptive technologies, and characterizing their potential impact on future U.S. warfighting and homeland defense capabilities. %0 Book %T Becoming a Tech-Savvy DOT of Tomorrow %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27293/becoming-a-tech-savvy-dot-of-tomorrow %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27293/becoming-a-tech-savvy-dot-of-tomorrow %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 56 %X Over the last several years, the transportation industry has been presented with multiple technologies and trends that have "disrupted" business as usual at state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other transportation agencies. These technologies include everything from new transportation modes (such as scooters) to new data sources, communication technologies, and trends (such as the growth in e-commerce); they present challenges as well as opportunities for transportation agencies in both performance and customer service. NCHRP Research Report 1075: Becoming a Tech-Savvy DOT of Tomorrow, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, provides a playbook for agencies to follow for defining and strategically addressing the impacts of disruptive technologies on transportation outcomes and on the performance of business units within DOTs. Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 371: Impact of New Disruptive Technologies on the Performance of DOTs and a Disruptive Tech Handout. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Mantus, Ellen %T Barriers to Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25907/barriers-to-innovations-in-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25907/barriers-to-innovations-in-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X Modernizing pharmaceutical manufacturing is seen as offering a solution to drug shortages and vulnerabilities of drug supply chains, but there are technical, regulatory, and other barriers to doing so. The virtual workshop Barriers to Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing held on June 2-3, 2020, provided a venue for discussing barriers to innovations in the pharmaceutical industry and included sessions on integration, intensification, and control; innovative processing technologies; and disruptive technologies and convergent innovations. It was hosted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee to Identify Innovative Technologies to Advance Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and served as the second information-gathering activity to assist the committee with producing its consensus report. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Capability Surprise for U.S. Naval Forces: Initial Observations and Insights: Interim Report %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18270/capability-surprise-for-us-naval-forces-initial-observations-and-insights %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18270/capability-surprise-for-us-naval-forces-initial-observations-and-insights %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 43 %X A letter dated December 21, 2011, to National Academy of Sciences President Dr. Ralph Cicerone from the Chief of Naval Operations, ADM Jonathan W. Greenert, U.S. Navy, requested that the National Research Council's (NRC's) Naval Studies Board (NSB) conduct a study to examine the issues surrounding capability surprise—both operationally and technically related—facing the U.S. naval services. Accordingly, in February 2012, the NRC, under the auspices of its NSB, established the Committee on Capability Surprise for U.S. Naval Forces. The study's terms of reference, provided in Enclosure A of this interim report, were formulated by the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) in consultation with the NSB chair and director. The terms of reference charge the committee to produce two reports over a 15-month period. The present report is the first of these, an interim report issued, as requested, following the third full committee meeting. The terms of reference direct that the committee in its two reports do the following: (1) Select a few potential capability surprises across the continuum from disruptive technologies, to intelligence inferred capability developments, through operational deployments and assess what U.S. Naval Forces are doing (and could do) about these surprises while mindful of future budgetary declines; (2) Review and assess the adequacy of current U.S. Naval Forces' policies, strategies, and operational and technical approaches for addressing these and other surprises; and (3) Recommend any changes, including budgetary and organizational changes, as well as identify any barriers and/or leadership issues that must be addressed for responding to or anticipating such surprises including developing some of our own surprises to mitigate against unanticipated surprises. Capability Surprise for U.S. Naval Forces: Initial Observations and Insights: Interim Report highlights issues brought to the committee's attention during its first three meetings and provides initial observations and insights in response to each of the three tasks above. It is very much an interim report that neither addresses in its entirety any one element of the terms of reference nor reaches final conclusions on any aspect of capability surprise for naval forces. The committee will continue its study during the coming months and expects to complete by early summer 2013 its final report, which will address all of the elements in the study's terms of reference and explore many potential issues of capability surprise for U.S. naval forces not covered in this interim report. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Responding to Capability Surprise: A Strategy for U.S. Naval Forces %@ 978-0-309-27837-9 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14672/responding-to-capability-surprise-a-strategy-for-us-naval-forces %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14672/responding-to-capability-surprise-a-strategy-for-us-naval-forces %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 202 %X From a military operational standpoint, surprise is an event or capability that could affect the outcome of a mission or campaign for which preparations are not in place. By definition, it is not possible to truly anticipate surprise. It is only possible to prevent it (in the sense of minimizing the number of possible surprises by appropriate planning), to create systems that are resilient to an adversary's unexpected actions, or to rapidly and effectively respond when surprised. Responding to Capability Surprise examines the issues surrounding capability surprise, both operational and technical, facing the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. This report selects a few surprises from across a continuum of surprises, from disruptive technologies, to intelligence-inferred capability developments, to operational deployments, and assesses what the Naval Forces are doing (and could do) about them while being mindful of future budgetary declines. The report then examines which processes are in place or could be in place in the Navy, the Marine Corps, and the Coast Guard to address such surprises. Today's U.S. naval forces continue to face a wide range of potential threats in the indefinite future and for this reason must continue to balance and meet their force structure needs. The recommendations of Responding to Capability Surprise will help to ensure more responsive, more resilient, and more adaptive behavior across the organization from the most senior leadership to the individual sailors, Marines, and Coast Guardsmen. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Inc., Garnet Erdakos, Shih Ying Chang, Douglas Eisinger, Sonoma Technology %E Berger, Adrienne Heller, Heather Unger, Louis %T Zero Emission Vehicles: Forecasting Fleet Scenarios and their Emissions Implications %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25709/zero-emission-vehicles-forecasting-fleet-scenarios-and-their-emissions-implications %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25709/zero-emission-vehicles-forecasting-fleet-scenarios-and-their-emissions-implications %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 109 %X Vehicle electrification is one of the emerging and potentially disruptive technologies that are being considered to reduce emissions of criteria pollutants, mobile source air toxics (MSATs), and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from motor vehicles.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 274: Zero Emission Vehicles: Forecasting Fleet Scenarios and their Emissions Implications analyzes a set of scenarios of infrastructure development, policy changes, and cost parameters, with a suite of 49 simulations across those scenarios conducted to assess their impact on nationwide zero emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption and the corresponding levels of exhaust emissions.The model used in the scenarios analysis is a consumer choice model that estimates future sales, populations, and fuel consumption of advanced technology vehicles (ATVs), including ZEVs.There is also a Power Point presentation accompanying the document. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders %@ 978-0-309-21605-0 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13188/improving-the-decision-making-abilities-of-small-unit-leaders %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13188/improving-the-decision-making-abilities-of-small-unit-leaders %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 130 %X For the past decade, the U.S. Marine Corps and its sister services have been engaged in what has been termed "hybrid warfare," which ranges from active combat to civilian support. Hybrid warfare typically occurs in environments where all modes of war are employed, such as conventional weapons, irregular tactics, terrorism, disruptive technologies, and criminality to destabilize an existing order. In August 2010, the National Research Council established the Committee on Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders to produce Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders. This report examines the operational environment, existing abilities, and gap to include data, technology, skill sets, training, and measures of effectiveness for small unit leaders in conducting enhanced company operations (ECOs) in hybrid engagement, complex environments. Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders also determines how to understand the decision making calculus and indicators of adversaries. Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders recommends operational and technical approaches for improving the decision making abilities of small unit leaders, including any acquisition and experimentation efforts that can be undertaken by the Marine Corps and/or by other stakeholders aimed specifically at improving the decision making of small unit leaders. This report recommends ways to ease the burden on small unit leaders and to better prepare the small unit leader for success. Improving the Decision Making Abilities of Small Unit Leaders also indentifies a responsible organization to ensure that training and education programs are properly developed, staffed, operated, evaluated, and expanded. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Preston, Katherine %E Spencer, Jessica Cohen %E Nagy, Julia %E Crites, James M. %T Research Roadmap in the Area of Airport Operations and Maintenance %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25382/research-roadmap-in-the-area-of-airport-operations-and-maintenance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25382/research-roadmap-in-the-area-of-airport-operations-and-maintenance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 34 %X TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Web-Only Document 37: Research Roadmap in the Area of Airport Operations and Maintenance outlines the key research gaps and areas of interest for airports in the field of operations and maintenance (O&M) over the next five years. Based on the result of the outreach and literature review, forty-two research ideas were generated and categorized into nine high-level themes, including: Continuity of Operations Financial Resources and Procurement Facility and Operational Modernization General Asset Management and Maintenance Integrating Advanced and/or Disruptive Technologies Safety and Security Sustainability and Resiliency Unmanned Aerial Systems / Vehicles O&M Workforce The completed “Research Roadmap in the Area of Airport Operations and Maintenance” consists of the following products: An interactive version of Appendix B. Appendix C: Research Ideas Database, which is a searchable Excel file containing all forty-two ideas generated during the project. The Idea Database includes relevant Idea Hub tags for each research idea to further demonstrate the multi-dimensional nature of the knowledge gaps Narrated PowerPoint: The presentation provides readers with an overview of the project, the roadmap development process and instructions for how to read the Visual Research Roadmap. Software Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Avoiding Technology Surprise for Tomorrow's Warfighter: Symposium 2010 %@ 978-0-309-15568-7 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12919/avoiding-technology-surprise-for-tomorrows-warfighter-symposium-2010 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12919/avoiding-technology-surprise-for-tomorrows-warfighter-symposium-2010 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 62 %X The Symposium on Avoiding Technology Surprise for Tomorrow's Warfighter is a forum for consumers and producers of scientific and technical intelligence to exchange perspectives on the potential sources of emerging or disruptive technologies and behaviors, with the goal of improving the Department of Defense's technological warning capability. This volume summarizes the key themes identified in the second and most recent symposium, a two-day event held in Suffolk, Virginia, on April 28 and 29, 2010. The symposium combined presentations highlighting cutting-edge technology topics with facilitated discourse among all participants. Three categories of surprise were identified: breakthroughs in product and process technology, new uses of existing technology, and the unexpectedly rapid progression of a technology to operational use. The incorporation of an adversary's own culture, history, beliefs, and value systems into analyses also emerged in discussions as an important factor in reducing surprise. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of the National Defense Intelligence College's Master's Degree in Science and Technology Intelligence %@ 978-0-309-22054-5 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13260/review-of-the-national-defense-intelligence-colleges-masters-degree-in-science-and-technology-intelligence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13260/review-of-the-national-defense-intelligence-colleges-masters-degree-in-science-and-technology-intelligence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 46 %X The National Research Council (NRC) was asked by the National Defense Intelligence College (NDIC) to convene a committee to review the curriculum and syllabi for their proposed master of science degree in science and technology intelligence. The NRC was asked to review the material provided by the NDIC and offer advice and recommendations regarding the program's structure and goals of the Master of Science and Technology Intelligence (MS&TI) program. The Committee for the Review of the Master's Degree Program for Science and Technology Professionals convened in May 2011, received extensive briefings and material from the NDIC faculty and administrators, and commenced a detailed review of the material. This letter report contains the findings and recommendations of the committee. Review of the National Defense Intelligence College's Master's Degree in Science and Technology Intelligence centers on two general areas. First, the committee found that the biological sciences and systems engineering were underrepresented in the existing program structure. Secondly, the committee recommends that the NDIC faculty restructure the program and course learning objectives to focus more specifically on science and technology, with particular emphasis on the empirical measurement of student achievement. Given the dynamic and ever-changing nature of science and technology, the syllabi should continue to evolve as change occurs. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation: 2011 Annual Report %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26112/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation-2011-annual-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26112/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation-2011-annual-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 20 %X In 2011, there was a need for innovation across the biomedical science, policy, and business sectors. The National Academies’ Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation (the Forum) contributed to the conversation by hosting public workshops on envisioning a framework for a transformed clinical trials enterprise, and advancing the discipline of regulatory science. The Forum membership dedicated activities to global health concerns and neglected diseases, such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and undertook efforts to better engage the public in the drug discovery and development enterprise. For more information, please see https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/forum-on-drug-discovery-development-and-translation. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Looking Over the Fence at Networks: A Neighbor's View of Networking Research %@ 978-0-309-07613-5 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10183/looking-over-the-fence-at-networks-a-neighbors-view-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10183/looking-over-the-fence-at-networks-a-neighbors-view-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 36 %X A remarkable creation, the Internet encompasses a diversity of networks, technologies, and organizations. The enormous volume and great variety of data carried over it give it a rich complexity and texture. It has proved difficult to characterize, understand, or model in terms of large-scale behaviors and a detailed understanding of traffic behavior. Moreover, because it is very difficult to prototype new networks—or even new networking ideas—on an interesting scale, data-driven analysis and simulation are vital tools for evaluating proposed additions and changes to its design. Some argue that a vision for the future Internet should be to provide users the quality of experience they seek and to accommodate a diversity of interests. Looking Over the Fence at Networks explores how networking research could overcome the evident obstacles to help achieve this vision for the future and otherwise better understand and improve the Internet. This report stresses looking beyond the current Internet and evolutionary modifications thereof and aims to stimulate fresh thinking within the networking research community. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Day, Dwayne %T Globalization of Defense Materials and Manufacturing: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-47546-4 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25101/globalization-of-defense-materials-and-manufacturing-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25101/globalization-of-defense-materials-and-manufacturing-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 120 %X Emerging economies, social and political transitions, and new ways of doing business are changing the world dramatically. To be the leader in this competitive climate, a defense manufacturing enterprise will require up-to-date capabilities, which include improvements in materials processing, among other things. Also, national and international efforts to mitigate environmentally harmful effects of industrial processes and to improve decision making for handling and disposing of industrial contaminants adds additional requirements for any future efforts. The objective of retaining high-value materials-related manufacturing as a key national competitive capability implies a number of factors. The value of specific manufacturing capabilities could be defined not only in terms of criticality to defense systems but also in relation to technology and knowledge content, importance as a supplier to other industries, and importance to U.S. exports. Requested by Department of Defense (DoD) communities, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in March 2015 to further explore materials and manufacturing processes. The participants explored changes in the global R&D landscape, technology awareness mechanisms—both DoD’s mechanisms and other models—and collaboration models and issues in R&D. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Naval Studies Board 40th Anniversary: 1974-2014 %@ 978-0-309-32769-5 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19543/naval-studies-board-40th-anniversary-1974-2014 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19543/naval-studies-board-40th-anniversary-1974-2014 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biography and Autobiography %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 28 %X Forty years ago the Naval Studies Board was created at the request of then Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr. As stated in his request to the National Academy of Sciences, he thought it important for the Navy to have an outside resource to which it could turn "for independent and outside counsel on any area of its responsibilities involving the interplay of scientific and technical matters with other national issues." Admiral Zumwalt, together with Under Secretary of the Navy Honorable David S. Potter and President of the National Academy of Sciences Dr. Philip Handler, recognized the importance of not only continuing but also focusing and strengthening the relationship that had existed between the National Academy of Sciences and the Department of the Navy since the Academy's creation in 1863. To commemorate this special anniversary, Naval Studies Board 40th Anniversary provides an overview of the history, mission, and accomplishments of the Board. In the coming years, the Naval Studies Board will continue to serve as a source of independent, long-range, scientific and technical planning advice for the nation's naval forces. It will also work to ensure that the relationships between the operational, science, engineering, and technical communities remain as strong and productive as ever to ensure that progress continues in areas most critical to meeting future naval forces’ needs. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Aeronautics 2050: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25005/aeronautics-2050-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in-brief %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25005/aeronautics-2050-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in-brief %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 12 %X The Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board (ASEB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a 1-day visioning workshop to facilitate a dialog on the historical contributions of the ASEB to development of the U.S. civil aeronautics sector, recent advances and current challenges and opportunities in civil aviation, and new directions in air travel and technology in the coming 30 years. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Continuing Innovation in Information Technology: Workshop Report %@ 978-0-309-43724-0 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23393/continuing-innovation-in-information-technology-workshop-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23393/continuing-innovation-in-information-technology-workshop-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 100 %X The 2012 National Research Council report Continuing Innovation in Information Technology illustrates how fundamental research in information technology (IT), conducted at industry and universities, has led to the introduction of entirely new product categories that ultimately became billion-dollar industries. The central graphic from that report portrays and connects areas of major investment in basic research, university-based research, and industry research and development; the introduction of important commercial products resulting from this research; billion-dollar-plus industries stemming from it; and present-day IT market segments and representative U.S. firms whose creation was stimulated by the decades-long research. At a workshop hosted by the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board on March 5, 2015, leading academic and industry researchers and industrial technologists described key research and development results and their contributions and connections to new IT products and industries, and illustrated these developments as overlays to the 2012 "tire tracks" graphic. The principal goal of the workshop was to collect and make available to policy makers and members of the IT community first-person narratives that illustrate the link between government investments in academic and industry research to the ultimate creation of new IT industries. This report provides summaries of the workshop presentations organized into five broad themes - (1) fueling the innovation pipeline, (2) building a connected world, (3) advancing the hardware foundation, (4) developing smart machines, and (5) people and computers - and ends with a summary of remarks from the concluding panel discussion. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T S&T Strategies of Six Countries: Implications for the United States %@ 978-0-309-15571-7 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12920/st-strategies-of-six-countries-implications-for-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12920/st-strategies-of-six-countries-implications-for-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Engineering and Technology %K Industry and Labor %P 126 %X An increase in global access to goods and knowledge is transforming world-class science and technology (S&T) by bringing it within the capability of an unprecedented number of global parties who must compete for resources, markets, and talent. In particular, globalization has facilitated the success of formal S&T plans in many developing countries, where traditional limitations can now be overcome through the accumulation and global trade of a wide variety of goods, skills, and knowledge. As a result, centers for technological research and development (R&D) are now globally dispersed, setting the stage for greater uncertainty in the political, economic, and security arenas. These changes will have a potentially enormous impact for the U.S. national security policy, which for the past half century was premised on U.S. economic and technological dominance. As the U.S. monopoly on talent and innovation wanes, arms export regulations and restrictions on visas for foreign S&T workers are becoming less useful as security strategies. The acute level of S&T competition among leading countries in the world today suggests that countries that fail to exploit new technologies or that lose the capability for proprietary use of their own new technologies will find their existing industries uncompetitive or obsolete. The increased access to information has transformed the 1950s' paradigm of "control and isolation" of information for innovation control into the current one of "engagement and partnerships" between innovators for innovation creation. Current and future strategies for S&T development need to be considered in light of these new realities. This book analyzes the S&T strategies of Japan, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Singapore (JBRICS), six countries that have either undergone or are undergoing remarkable growth in their S&T capabilities for the purpose of identifying unique national features and how they are utilized in the evolving global S&T environment.