%0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Regional Ballistic Missile Defense in the Context of Strategic Stability %@ 978-0-309-46891-6 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24964/regional-ballistic-missile-defense-in-the-context-of-strategic-stability %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24964/regional-ballistic-missile-defense-in-the-context-of-strategic-stability %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 126 %X As ballistic missile technology proliferates, and as ballistic missile defenses are deployed by both the Russian Federation and the United States, it is increasingly important for these two countries to seek ways to reap the benefits of systems that can protect their own national security interests against limited missile attacks from third countries without undermining the strategic balance that the two governments maintain to ensure stability. Regional Ballistic Missile Defense in the Context of Strategic Stability examines both the technical implications of planned missile defense deployments for Russian and U.S. strategic deterrents and the benefits and disadvantages of a range of options for cooperation on missile defense. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pool, Robert %T Key Challenges for Effective Testing and Evaluation Across Department of Defense Ranges: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26150/key-challenges-for-effective-testing-and-evaluation-across-department-of-defense-ranges %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26150/key-challenges-for-effective-testing-and-evaluation-across-department-of-defense-ranges %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 11 %X To protect itself from attacks by foreign forces, the United States relies upon its armed services, which in turn rely upon weapons and other systems to provide them with the tools they need to successfully neutralize adversaries' combat capabilities. Maintaining the armed services' warfighting advantage requires a steady stream of new and improved weapons and technologies. A crucial step for acquiring and using these assets is testing their effectiveness and suitability on Department of Defense (DoD) ranges. The DoD has testing ranges that span the globe, where new military technologies are tested based on real threats, tasks, and environments to ensure their combat readiness. These ranges are a vital aspect of the nation's defense, but will they be able to adequately test the increasingly complex military technologies of the future? Against this backdrop, the DoD's Office of the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation, requested that the Board on Army Research and Development of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine assess the physical and technical suitability of DoD test and evaluation (T&E) ranges and infrastructure. As part of that task, the study committee convened a 2-day workshop on January 28-29, 2021, to gather information on the challenges facing the nation's military ranges. The workshop brought together experts from the military, industry, and government, who discussed the current status of T&E on military ranges and what will be required to ensure their effectiveness in coming decades. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Empowering the Defense Acquisition Workforce to Improve Mission Outcomes Using Data Science %@ 978-0-309-68493-4 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25979/empowering-the-defense-acquisition-workforce-to-improve-mission-outcomes-using-data-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25979/empowering-the-defense-acquisition-workforce-to-improve-mission-outcomes-using-data-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 154 %X The effective use of data science - the science and technology of extracting value from data - improves, enhances, and strengthens acquisition decision-making and outcomes. Using data science to support decision making is not new to the defense acquisition community; its use by the acquisition workforce has enabled acquisition and thus defense successes for decades. Still, more consistent and expanded application of data science will continue improving acquisition outcomes, and doing so requires coordinated efforts across the defense acquisition system and its related communities and stakeholders. Central to that effort is the development, growth, and sustainment of data science capabilities across the acquisition workforce. At the request of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, Empowering the Defense Acquisition Workforce to Improve Mission Outcomes Using Data Science assesses how data science can improve acquisition processes and develops a framework for training and educating the defense acquisition workforce to better exploit the application of data science. This report identifies opportunities where data science can improve acquisition processes, the relevant data science skills and capabilities necessary for the acquisition workforce, and relevant models of data science training and education. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Whitacre, Paula %T Building Defense Research Capacity at U.S. Minority Institutions: Proceedings of a Workshop Series—in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27437/building-defense-research-capacity-at-us-minority-institutions-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27437/building-defense-research-capacity-at-us-minority-institutions-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 13 %X There are more than 400 public and private, two- and four-year minority institutions (MIs) across every U.S. state and territory, including many in areas near Department of Defense (DoD) facilities. Many already conduct cutting-edge research in areas of high priority to the U.S. government, while others could be positioned to do so with strategic investments. With their diverse populations, MIs support students and faculty that have a wealth of knowledge and talent to support diversifying STEM research, and ultimately strengthening national security. DoD supports and recognizes the potential contributions of many MI programs, but there are significant discrepancies in the amount, duration, and type of DoD funding, as well as the research infrastructure at MIs, when compared to non-MIs. To explore opportunities for the DoD and historically underresourced minority institutions to adapt in support of increasing the engagement of MIs in the defense research ecosystem, the National Academies convened a nine-member committee of STEM professionals across sectors and disciplines to develop a series of three town hall workshops. This proceedings-in-brief serves to highlight points made by presenters in the series. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Hanlon, Philip J. %E Murthy, Jayathi Y. %E Rovito, Sarah M. %T Confucius Institutes at U.S. Institutions of Higher Education: Waiver Criteria for the Department of Defense %@ 978-0-309-69486-5 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26747/confucius-institutes-at-us-institutions-of-higher-education-waiver-criteria %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26747/confucius-institutes-at-us-institutions-of-higher-education-waiver-criteria %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Education %P 118 %X More than 100 U.S. institutions of higher education hosted Confucius Institutes (CIs), Chinese government-funded language and culture centers, on campus during the late 2000s and 2010s. While CIs provided a source of funding and other resources that enabled U.S. colleges and universities to build capacity, offer supplemental programming, and engage with the local community, CIs presented an added, legitimate source of risk to host institutions with respect to academic freedom, freedom of expression, and national security. By 2017, deteriorating U.S.-China relations led some U.S. colleges and universities to reconsider the value of having a CI on campus. Sustained interest by Congress and political pressure led numerous U.S.-based CIs to close, especially following the passage of the Fiscal Year 2019 National Defense Authorization Act, which contained a provision that ultimately barred institutions receiving Department of Defense (DOD) critical language flagship funding in Chinese from hosting a CI. While this provision allowed for a waiver process - and several affected colleges and universities applied for waivers in 2018 and 2019 - DOD did not issue any waivers. Today, seven CIs remain on U.S. university and college campuses. At the request of DOD, Confucius Institutes at U.S. Institutions of Higher Education presents a set of findings and recommendations for waiver criteria to potentially permit the continued presence of CIs on U.S. university campuses that also receive DOD funding. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E DeLoatch, Eugene M. %E McClain, Aliecia R. %E Jackson, Leigh Miles %T Defense Research Capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions: Transitioning from Good Intentions to Measurable Outcomes %@ 978-0-309-27374-9 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26399/defense-research-capacity-at-historically-black-colleges-and-universities-and-other-minority-institutions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26399/defense-research-capacity-at-historically-black-colleges-and-universities-and-other-minority-institutions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 270 %X Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and other minority institutions (MIs) represent a valuable resource to expand the Department of Defense's (DoD) government and extramural workforce and science and technology enterprise. The more than 400 public and private HBCUs, Tribal Colleges and Universities, Hispanic-Serving Institutions, and other two- and four-year MIs are positioned to make strong and uniquely important contributions to the defense research enterprise, offering DoD an opportunity to widen its talent pool and diversify STEM research and ultimately strengthen its ability to support national security. Defense Research Capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions examines the status of DoD research at HBCUs and MIs, including the methods and means necessary to advance research capacity at these institutions in order to comprehensively address the national security and defense needs of the United States. This report offers recommendations to guide DoD, Congress, HBCU/MIs, and partnering entities in supporting and strengthening the role of these institutions in defense research. A strategic commitment will translate into increased opportunities for HBCU/MIs to diversify the future American academic, industrial, and government STEM workforce upon which DoD will depend. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Ortiz, Katiria %T Improving Defense Acquisition Workforce Capability in Data Use: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25922/improving-defense-acquisition-workforce-capability-in-data-use-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25922/improving-defense-acquisition-workforce-capability-in-data-use-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 12 %X Data science has the potential to improve defense acquisition processes, which includes the full range of activities related to development, procurement, test and evaluation, deployment, and sustainment of materiel to serve military missions and needs. The Department of Defense (DoD) seeks to capitalize on innovations in data science and analytics to increase the efficiency of acquisition programs to meet rapidly evolving mission needs, identify alternative solutions to long-standing acquisition challenges, enable timely deployment of new systems, and ensure cost containment. To move toward more data-driven decisionmaking within the defense acquisition workforce, DoD seeks to identify necessary data science skills, options for training, and models for building teams with enhanced data capabilities. To identify relevant data science skills and capabilities necessary for the acquisitions workforce and develop a framework for training and educating acquisition professionals, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics convened a virtual workshop on April 14, 2020. This publication provides a brief overview of the day's activities, panel specific observations or suggestions from individual speakers, and highlights overarching themes. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Defense Research at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions: Interim Report %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26315/defense-research-at-historically-black-colleges-and-universities-and-other-minority-institutions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26315/defense-research-at-historically-black-colleges-and-universities-and-other-minority-institutions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 59 %X As one of the largest federal science and technology (S&T) funding agencies and employers, the Department of Defense (DoD) plays a critical role in the U.S. S&T ecosystem. While DoD draws on the expertise of both U.S. and international researchers to achieve its mission, national security requirements limit many other critical areas of the DoD S&T enterprise to U.S. citizens. This national security imperative calls for DoD to cultivate and support the diverse pool of U.S. talent who can meet DoD needs. Previous studies by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have documented how Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and other Minority Institutions (MIs) can help to access this expanded population of scientists and engineers. This publication presents interim findings related to the methods and means necessary to advance research capacity at these institutions to address the national security and defense needs of the United States. While critical data-gathering efforts are still in progress, these interim findings can be used to begin to inform decision making processes related to three key areas: current Department of Defense investments, opportunities and challenges at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and other Minority Institutions, and potential best practices for stakeholders. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Effectiveness and Efficiency of Defense Environmental Cleanup Activities of DOE's Office of Environmental Management: Report 1 %@ 978-0-309-68576-4 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26000/effectiveness-and-efficiency-of-defense-environmental-cleanup-activities-of-does-office-of-environmental-management %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26000/effectiveness-and-efficiency-of-defense-environmental-cleanup-activities-of-does-office-of-environmental-management %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 158 %X The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessor agencies have conducted activities to develop atomic energy for civilian and defense purposes since the initiation of the World War II Manhattan Project in 1942. These activities took place at large federal land reservations of hundreds of square miles involving industrial-scale operations, but also at many smaller federal and non-federal sites such as uranium mines, materials processing and manufacturing facilities. The nuclear weapons and energy production activities at these facilities produced large quantities of radioactive and hazardous wastes and resulted in widespread groundwater and soil contamination at these sites. DOE initiated a concerted effort to clean up these sites beginning in the 1980s. Many of these sites have been remediated and are in long-term caretaker status, closed or repurposed for other uses. Review of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Defense Environmental Cleanup Activities of the Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management: First Report provides background information on the sites currently assigned to the DOE's Office of Environmental Management that are undergoing cleanup; discusses current practices for management and oversight of the cleanups; offers findings and recommendations on such practices and how progress is measured against them; and considers the contracts under which the cleanups proceed and how these have been and can be structured to include incentives for improved cost and schedule performance. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Strategic Vision for Biological Threat Reduction: The U.S. Department of Defense and Beyond %@ 978-0-309-67182-8 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25681/a-strategic-vision-for-biological-threat-reduction-the-us-department %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25681/a-strategic-vision-for-biological-threat-reduction-the-us-department %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 202 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to articulate a 5-year strategic vision for international health security programs and provide findings and recommendations on how to optimize the impact of the Department of Defense (DOD) Biological Threat Reduction Program (BTRP) in fulfilling its biosafety and biosecurity mission. Because BTRP is just one of several U.S. government programs conducting international health security engagement, both the strategic vision and the success of the program rely on coordinating actions with the U.S. government as a whole and with its international partners. This report provides several recommendations for optimizing BTRP success in its current mission and the wider-looking strategic vision it proposes. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Porter, André %E Whitacre, Paula %T Building Defense Research Capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Tribal Colleges and Universities, and Minority-Serving Institutions: Proceedings of Three Town Halls: Proceedings of Three Town Halls %@ 978-0-309-71609-3 %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27511/building-defense-research-capacity-at-historically-black-colleges-and-universities-tribal-colleges-and-universities-and-minority-serving-institutions-proceedings-of-three-town-halls %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27511/building-defense-research-capacity-at-historically-black-colleges-and-universities-tribal-colleges-and-universities-and-minority-serving-institutions-proceedings-of-three-town-halls %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 192 %X A planning committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a series of three hybrid workshops to examine the key issues highlighted in the National Academies 2022 consensus study report, Defense Research Capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions: Transitioning from Good Intentions to Measurable Outcomes. As Department of Defense and other partners sought to implement the 2022 report recommendations, key questions remained to be explored, particularly related to how to seek ways of building research capacity at minority institutions (MIs) and develop true partnerships between MIs, other institutions of higher education, and federal agencies. The workshops featured commissioned research and literature reviews as well as case studies to illuminate problems, barriers, and approaches to increase research capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Necessary DoD Range Capabilities to Ensure Operational Superiority of U.S. Defense Systems: Testing for the Future Fight %@ 978-0-309-49857-9 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26181/necessary-dod-range-capabilities-to-ensure-operational-superiority-of-us-defense-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26181/necessary-dod-range-capabilities-to-ensure-operational-superiority-of-us-defense-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 150 %X Rigorous operational testing (OT) of weapon systems procured by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is fundamental to ensuring that these sophisticated systems not only meet their stated requirements, but also perform under realistic operational conditions when faced by determined adversaries employing their own highly capable offensive and defensive weaponry. DoD's test and training range enterprise provides the geography, infrastructure, technology, expertise, processes, and management that make safe, secure, and comprehensive OT possible. The challenges facing the nation's range infrastructure are both increasing and accelerating. Limited test capacity in physical resources and workforce, the age of test infrastructure, the capability to test advanced technologies, and encroachment impact the ability to inform system performance, integrated system performance and the overall pace of testing. Necessary DoD Range Capabilities to Ensure Operational Superiority of U.S. Defense Systems assesses the physical and technical suitability of DoD test and evaluation ranges, infrastructure, and tools for determining the operational effectiveness, suitability, survivability, and lethality of military systems. This report explores modernization, sustainment, operations, and resource challenges for test and evaluation ranges, and makes recommendations to put the DoD range enterprise on a modernization trajectory to meet the needs of OT in the years ahead. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Effectiveness and Efficiency of Defense Environmental Cleanup Activities of the Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management: Report 2 %@ 978-0-309-69005-8 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26610/effectiveness-and-efficiency-of-defense-environmental-cleanup-activities-of-the-department-of-energys-office-of-environmental-management %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26610/effectiveness-and-efficiency-of-defense-environmental-cleanup-activities-of-the-department-of-energys-office-of-environmental-management %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 96 %X The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) was established by Congress in 1989 to remediate waste and environmental contamination that have resulted from nuclear weapons production and related activities. It has expended almost $200 billion on cleanup and related activities since its establishment and completed cleanup at all but 15 of the more than 100 sites. At the request of Congress, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine formed a committee to provide advice on enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of DOE-EM cleanup activities, particularly with respect to project management, contracting, and oversight practices. These recommendations were provided in two reports. The first report, Review of Effectiveness and Efficiency of Defense Environmental Cleanup Activities of DOE's Office of Environmental Management: Report 1, considered overall project management practices, project management metrics and outcomes, and contract structures and performance measures. This second report focuses on specific DOE-EM sites to assess how effective the management of the numerous projects at the sites is contributing to the wider programmatic objectives of DOE-EM. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of the Department of Defense Biokinetic Modeling Approach in Support of Establishing an Airborne Lead Exposure Limit %@ 978-0-309-67192-7 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25683/review-of-the-department-of-defense-biokinetic-modeling-approach-in-support-of-establishing-an-airborne-lead-exposure-limit %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25683/review-of-the-department-of-defense-biokinetic-modeling-approach-in-support-of-establishing-an-airborne-lead-exposure-limit %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 48 %X Biokinetic modeling provides a mathematical technique for estimating absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals, including particles and metals, in humans. Such models can be used to relate the amount of lead external exposure to the amount of lead found in the blood and other tissues at different points in time. At the request of the Department of Defense (DoD), Review of the Department of Defense Biokinetic Modeling Approach in Support of Establishing an Airborne Lead Exposure Limit evaluates whether the model used by DoD to derive airborne lead concentrations from blood lead levels is appropriate. This report also considers whether DoD's modifications to the model are appropriately justified, and whether the assumptions in and inputs to the model are reasonable. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T SBIR at the Department of Defense %@ 978-0-309-30656-0 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18821/sbir-at-the-department-of-defense %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18821/sbir-at-the-department-of-defense %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 444 %X Created in 1982 through the Small Business Innovation Development Act, the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program remains the nation's single largest innovation program for small business. The SBIR program offers competitive awards to support the development and commercialization of innovative technologies by small private-sector businesses. At the same time, the program provides government agencies with technical and scientific solutions that address their different missions. SBIR at the Department of Defense considers ways that the Department of Defense SBIR program could work better in addressing the congressional objectives for the SBIR program to stimulate technological innovation, use small businesses to meet federal research and development (R & D) needs, foster and encourage the participation of socially and economically disadvantaged small businesses, and increase the private sector commercialization of innovations derived from federal R&D. An earlier report, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the Department of Defense, studied how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs. This report builds on the previous one, with a revised survey of SBIR companies. SBIR at the Department of Defense revisits some case studies from the 2009 study and develops new ones, and interviews agency managers and other stakeholders to provide a second snapshot of the program's progress toward achieving its legislative goals. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Strategic Engagement in Global S&T: Opportunities for Defense Research %@ 978-0-309-30622-5 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18816/strategic-engagement-in-global-st-opportunities-for-defense-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18816/strategic-engagement-in-global-st-opportunities-for-defense-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 144 %X According to recent reports, the United States currently accounts for less than one-third of global research and development spending, and it is projected that this fraction will decline to 18% by 2050. These statistics, compounded by the recognition that the United States no longer maintains technological superiority across all research fields, highlight the need for the U.S. research community to stay abreast of emerging science and technology (S&T) around the world, to leverage others' investments, and to seek out collaborations in areas where researchers need to remain at the leading edge. The United States' Department of Defense (DoD) has long relied on its historical technological superiority to maintain military advantage. However, as the U.S. share of S&T output shrinks and as the U.S. defense research enterprise struggles to keep pace with the expanding challenges of the evolving security environment and the increased speed and cost of global technology development, the DoD must reexamine its strategy for maintaining awareness of emerging S&T developments occurring around the world. To fully leverage these advances and to make strategic research investments, the DoD must assess with whom and in which areas it should collaborate. To delve more deeply into the implications of the globalization of S&T and of international S&T engagement for the DoD, the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research , and the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology asked the National Research Council to assess current DoD strategies in the three Services - Army, Air Force, and Navy - for leveraging global S&T and for implementing and coordinating these strategies across the department. Strategic Engagement in Global S&T assesses the opportunities and challenges stemming from the globalization of S&T and the implications for the DoD and its Services. This report considers DoD strategies in the three Services for leveraging global S&T and implementation and coordination of these strategies across DoD. The report explores models for global Samp;T engagement utilized by other domestic and foreign organizations.Strategic Engagement in Global S&T assesses how the ongoing globalization of S&T may impact research funding and priorities and workforce needs, as well as issues of building and maintaining trusted relationships and avoiding technology surprises. This report will be of interest to researchers and industry professionals with expertise in the globalization of science and technology, international engagement, the defense research enterprise, program evaluation, and national security. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Haller, Norman M. %T Assessment to Enhance Air Force and Department of Defense Prototyping for the New Defense Strategy: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-29677-9 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18580/assessment-to-enhance-air-force-and-department-of-defense-prototyping-for-the-new-defense-strategy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18580/assessment-to-enhance-air-force-and-department-of-defense-prototyping-for-the-new-defense-strategy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 50 %X Assessment to Enhance Air Force and Department of Defense Prototyping for the New Defense Strategy is the summary of a workshop convened by the Air Force Studies Board of the National Academies' National Research Council in September 2013 to enhance Air Force and Department of Defense (DoD) prototyping for the new defense strategy. This workshop examined of a wide range of prototyping issues, including individual recommendations for a renewed prototype program, application of prototyping as a tool for technology/system development and sustainment (including annual funding), and positive and negative effects of a renewed program. Prototyping has historically been of great benefit to the Air Force and DoD in terms of risk reduction and concept demonstration prior to system development, advancing new technologies, workforce enhancement and skills continuity between major acquisitions, dissuasion of adversaries by demonstrating capabilities, maintaining technological surprise through classified technologies, and an overarching strategy of overall risk reduction during austere budget environments. Over the last two decades, however, many issues with prototyping have arisen. For example, the definitions and terminology associated with prototyping have been convoluted and budgets for prototyping have been used as offsets to remedy budget shortfalls. Additionally, prototyping has been done with no strategic intent or context, and both government and industry have misused prototyping as a key tool in the DoD and defense industrial base. Assessment to Enhance Air Force and Department of Defense Prototyping for the New Defense Strategy envisions a prototyping program that encourages innovation in new concepts and approaches and provides a means to assess and reduce risk before commitment to major new programs. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives %@ 978-0-309-21610-4 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13189/making-sense-of-ballistic-missile-defense-an-assessment-of-concepts %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13189/making-sense-of-ballistic-missile-defense-an-assessment-of-concepts %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 296 %X The Committee on an Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives set forth to provide an assessment of the feasibility, practicality, and affordability of U.S. boost-phase missile defense compared with that of the U.S. non-boost missile defense when countering short-, medium-, and intermediate-range ballistic missile threats from rogue states to deployed forces of the United States and its allies and defending the territory of the United States against limited ballistic missile attack. To provide a context for this analysis of present and proposed U.S. boost-phase and non-boost missile defense concepts and systems, the committee considered the following to be the missions for ballistic missile defense (BMD): protecting of the U.S. homeland against nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction (WMD); or conventional ballistic missile attacks; protection of U.S. forces, including military bases, logistics, command and control facilities, and deployed forces, including military bases, logistics, and command and control facilities. They also considered deployed forces themselves in theaters of operation against ballistic missile attacks armed with WMD or conventional munitions, and protection of U.S. allies, partners, and host nations against ballistic-missile-delivered WMD and conventional weapons. Consistent with U.S. policy and the congressional tasking, the committee conducted its analysis on the basis that it is not a mission of U.S. BMD systems to defend against large-scale deliberate nuclear attacks by Russia or China. Making Sense of Ballistic Missile Defense: An Assessment of Concepts and Systems for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in Comparison to Other Alternatives suggests that great care should be taken by the U.S. in ensuring that negotiations on space agreements not adversely impact missile defense effectiveness. This report also explains in further detail the findings of the committee, makes recommendations, and sets guidelines for the future of ballistic missile defense research. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Research Council %T Report of a Workshop on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Workforce Needs for the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Defense Industrial Base %@ 978-0-309-25180-8 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13318/report-of-a-workshop-on-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem-workforce-needs-for-the-us-department-of-defense-and-the-us-defense-industrial-base %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13318/report-of-a-workshop-on-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem-workforce-needs-for-the-us-department-of-defense-and-the-us-defense-industrial-base %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Industry and Labor %P 78 %X Report of a Workshop on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Workforce Needs for the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Defense Industrial Base is the summary of a workshop held August 11, 2011, as part of an 18-month study of the issue. This book assesses the STEM capabilities that the Department of Defense (DOD) needs in order to meet its goals, objectives, and priorities; to assess whether the current DOD workforce and strategy will meet those needs; and to identify and evaluate options and recommend strategies that the department could use to help meet its future STEM needs. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Determining Core Capabilities in Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology %@ 978-0-309-26535-5 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13516/determining-core-capabilities-in-chemical-and-biological-defense-science-and-technology %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13516/determining-core-capabilities-in-chemical-and-biological-defense-science-and-technology %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 150 %X The goal of the U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD's) Chemical and Biological Defense Program (CBDP) is to provide support and world-class capabilities enabling he U.S. Armed Forces to fight and win decisively in chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) environments. To accomplish this objective, the CBDP must maintain robust science and technology capabilities to support the research, development, testing, and evaluation required for the creation and validation of the products the program supplies. The threat from chemical and biological attack evolves due to the changing nature of conflict and rapid advances in science and technology (S&T), so the core S&T capabilities that must be maintained by the CBDP must also continue to evolve. In order to address the challenges facing the DoD, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (DASD) for Chemical and Biological Defense (CBD) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct a study to identify the core capabilities in S&T that must be supported by the program. The NRC Committee on Determining Core Capabilities in Chemical and Biological Defense Research and Development examined the capabilities necessary for the chemical and biological defense S&T program in the context of the threat and of the program's stated mission and priorities. Determining Core Capabilities in Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology contains the committee's findings and recommendations. It is intended to assist the DASD CBD in determining the best strategy for acquiring, developing, and/or maintaining the needed capabilities.