%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Communicating National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Information to Data Users: Letter Report %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13120/communicating-national-science-foundation-science-and-engineering-information-to-data-users %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13120/communicating-national-science-foundation-science-and-engineering-information-to-data-users %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 31 %X This report from the Panel on Communicating National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Engineering Information to Data Users recommends action by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (SRS) on four key issues: data content and presentation; meeting changing storage and retrieval standards; understanding data users and their emerging needs; and data accessibility. This report also includes a summary of the workshop that focused on the several aspects of the NCSES's current approaches to communicating and disseminating statistical information -- including NCSES's information products, website, and database systems. It included presentations from NCSES staff and representatives of key use groups -- including the academic research, private nonprofit research, and federal government policy making communities. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Harris-Kojetin, Brian A. %E Citro, Constance F. %T Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Seventh Edition %@ 978-0-309-68114-8 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25885/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency-seventh-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25885/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency-seventh-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Surveys and Statistics %P 138 %X Government statistics are widely used to inform decisions by policymakers, program administrators, businesses and other organizations as well as households and the general public. Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency, Seventh Edition will assist statistical agencies and units, as well as other agencies engaged in statistical activities, to carry out their responsibilities to provide accurate, timely, relevant, and objective information for public and policy use. This report will also inform legislative and executive branch decision makers, data users, and others about the characteristics of statistical agencies that enable them to serve the public good. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Raghunathan, Trivellore %E Chaney, Bradford %T A Roadmap for Disclosure Avoidance in the Survey of Income and Program Participation %@ 978-0-309-70710-7 %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27169/a-roadmap-for-disclosure-avoidance-in-the-survey-of-income-and-program-participation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27169/a-roadmap-for-disclosure-avoidance-in-the-survey-of-income-and-program-participation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 272 %X The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is one of the U.S. Census Bureau’s major surveys with features making it a uniquely valuable resource for researchers and policy analysts. However, the Census Bureau faces the challenge of protecting the confidentiality of survey respondents which has become increasingly difficult because numerous databases exist with personal identifying information that collectively contain data on household finances, home values, purchasing behavior, and other SIPP-relevant characteristics. A Roadmap for Disclosure Avoidance in the Survey of Income and Program Participation addresses these issues and how to make data from SIPP available to researchers and policymakers while protecting the confidentiality of survey respondents. The report considers factors such as evolving privacy risks, development of new methods for protecting privacy, the nature of the data collected through SIPP, the practice of linking SIPP data with administrative data, the types of data products produced, and the desire to provide timely access to SIPP data. The report seeks to balance minimizing the risk of disclosure against allowing researchers and policymakers to have timely access to data that support valid inferences. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Stone, Katrina Baum %T 2020 Census Data Products: Demographic and Housing Characteristics File: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-69410-0 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26727/2020-census-data-products-demographic-and-housing-characteristics-file-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26727/2020-census-data-products-demographic-and-housing-characteristics-file-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 156 %X This proceedings summarizes the presentations and discussions at the Workshop on the 2020 Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics File, held June 21-22, 2022. The workshop was convened by the Committee on National Statistics of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to assist the U.S. Census Bureau with its new disclosure avoidance system for 2020 Census data products, which implements algorithms providing differential privacy. The workshop focused specifically on the Demographic and Housing Characteristics File, a major source of data for local governments, particularly those with small populations, and many other data users in the federal, state, academic, and business sectors. The intent was to garner feedback from users on the usability of the privacy-protected data by evaluating DHC demonstration files produced with the proposed TopDown Algorithm on 2010 Census data. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Communicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age %@ 978-0-309-22209-9 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13282/communicating-science-and-engineering-data-in-the-information-age %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13282/communicating-science-and-engineering-data-in-the-information-age %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Surveys and Statistics %P 122 %X The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) communicates its science and engineering (S&E) information to data users in a very fluid environment that is undergoing modernization at a pace at which data producer dissemination practices, protocols, and technologies, on one hand, and user demands and capabilities, on the other, are changing faster than the agency has been able to accommodate. NCSES asked the Committee on National Statistics and the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council to form a panel to review the NCSES communication and dissemination program that is concerned with the collection and distribution of information on science and engineering and to recommend future directions for the program. Communicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age includes recommendations to improve NCSES's dissemination program and improve data user engagement. This report includes recommendations such as NCSES's transition to a dissemination framework that emphasizes database management rather than data presentation, and that NCSES analyze the results of its initial online consumer survey and refine it over time. The implementation of the report's recommendations should be undertaken within an overall framework that accords priority to the basic quality of the data and the fundamentals of dissemination, then to significant enhancements that are achievable in the short term, while laying the groundwork for other long-term improvements. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Sullivan, Teresa A. %E Cork, Daniel L. %T Assessing the 2020 Census: Final Report %@ 978-0-309-70646-9 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27150/assessing-the-2020-census-final-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27150/assessing-the-2020-census-final-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 532 %X Since 1790, the U.S. census has been a recurring, essential civic ceremony in which everyone counts; it reaffirms a commitment to equality among all, as political representation is explicitly tied to population counts. Assessing the 2020 Census looks at the quality of the 2020 Census and its constituent operations, drawing appropriate comparisons with prior censuses. The report acknowledges the extraordinary challenges the Census Bureau faced in conducting the census and provides guidance as it plans for the 2030 Census. In addition, the report encourages research and development as the goals and designs for the 2030 Census are developed, urging the Census Bureau to establish a true partnership with census data users and government partners at the state, local, tribal, and federal levels. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Citro, Constance F. %T Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Sixth Edition %@ 978-0-309-46167-2 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24810/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency-sixth-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24810/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency-sixth-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Surveys and Statistics %P 156 %X Publicly available statistics from government agencies that are credible, relevant, accurate, and timely are essential for policy makers, individuals, households, businesses, academic institutions, and other organizations to make informed decisions. Even more, the effective operation of a democratic system of government depends on the unhindered flow of statistical information to its citizens. In the United States, federal statistical agencies in cabinet departments and independent agencies are the governmental units whose principal function is to compile, analyze, and disseminate information for such statistical purposes as describing population characteristics and trends, planning and monitoring programs, and conducting research and evaluation. The work of these agencies is coordinated by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Statistical agencies may acquire information not only from surveys or censuses of people and organizations, but also from such sources as government administrative records, private-sector datasets, and Internet sources that are judged of suitable quality and relevance for statistical use. They may conduct analyses, but they do not advocate policies or take partisan positions. Statistical purposes for which they provide information relate to descriptions of groups and exclude any interest in or identification of an individual person, institution, or economic unit. Four principles are fundamental for a federal statistical agency: relevance to policy issues, credibility among data users, trust among data providers, and independence from political and other undue external influence. Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Sixth Edition presents and comments on these principles as they’ve been impacted by changes in laws, regulations, and other aspects of the environment of federal statistical agencies over the past 4 years. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Producing Transportation Data Products from the American Community Survey That Comply With Disclosure Rules %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18160/producing-transportation-data-products-from-the-american-community-survey-that-comply-with-disclosure-rules %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18160/producing-transportation-data-products-from-the-american-community-survey-that-comply-with-disclosure-rules %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 386 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 180: Producing Transportation Data Products from the American Community Survey That Comply With Disclosure Rules explores approaches to apply data perturbation techniques that will provide Census Transportation Planning Products data users complete tables that are accurate enough to support transportation planning applications, but that also are modified enough that the Disclosure Review Board is satisfied that they prevent effective data snooping. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Stamatiadis, Nikiforos %E Kirk, Adam %E Wright, Laura %E Steyn, Hermanus %E Raulerson, Mary %E Musselman, Jennifer %T Context Classification Application: A Guide %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26819/context-classification-application-a-guide %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26819/context-classification-application-a-guide %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 84 %X At many transportation agencies, context classification plays a significant role in the planning and design of roadway facilities. The purpose of context classification is to characterize roadways based on land-use data and define how users expect to move in and around an area.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1022: Context Classification Application: A Guide presents a guide to assist state, regional, and local planners in identifying the appropriate context classification or classifications for an area or a transportation project.Supplemental to the report is the Contractors Final Report. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Abraham, Katharine G. %E Citro, Constance F. %E White, Glenn D., Jr. %E Kirkendall, Nancy K. %T Reengineering the Census Bureau's Annual Economic Surveys %@ 978-0-309-47536-5 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25098/reengineering-the-census-bureaus-annual-economic-surveys %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25098/reengineering-the-census-bureaus-annual-economic-surveys %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 236 %X The U.S. Census Bureau maintains an important portfolio of economic statistics programs, including quinquennial economic censuses, annual economic surveys, and quarterly and monthly indicator surveys. Government, corporate, and academic users rely on the data to understand the complexity and dynamism of the U.S. economy. Historically, the Bureau's economic statistics programs developed sector by sector (e.g., separate surveys of manufacturing, retail trade, and wholesale trade), and they continue to operate largely independently. Consequently, inconsistencies in questionnaire content, sample and survey design, and survey operations make the data not only more difficult to use, but also more costly to collect and process and more burdensome to the business community than they could be. This report reviews the Census Bureau's annual economic surveys. Specifically, it examines the design, operations, and products of 11 surveys and makes recommendations to enable them to better answer questions about the evolving economy. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Citro, Constance F. %E Straf, Miron L. %T Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Fifth Edition %@ 978-0-309-28433-2 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18318/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency-fifth-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18318/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency-fifth-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 178 %X Publicly available statistics from government agencies that are credible, relevant, accurate, and timely are essential for policy makers, individuals, households, businesses, academic institutions, and other organizations to make informed decisions. Even more, the effective operation of a democratic system of government depends on the unhindered flow of statistical information to its citizens. In the United States, federal statistical agencies in cabinet departments and independent agencies are the governmental units whose principal function is to compile, analyze, and disseminate information for such statistical purposes as describing population characteristics and trends, planning and monitoring programs, and conducting research and evaluation. The work of these agencies is coordinated by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Statistical agencies may acquire information not only from surveys or censuses of people and organizations, but also from such sources as government administrative records, private-sector datasets, and Internet sources that are judged of suitable quality and relevance for statistical use. They may conduct analyses, but they do not advocate policies or take partisan positions. Statistical purposes for which they provide information relate to descriptions of groups and exclude any interest in or identification of an individual person, institution, or economic unit. Four principles are fundamental for a federal statistical agency: relevance to policy issues, credibility among data users, trust among data providers, and independence from political and other undue external influence. Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Fifth Edition explains these four principles in detail. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Mackie, Christopher %E Bradburn, Norman %T Improving Access to and Confidentiality of Research Data: Report of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-07180-2 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9958/improving-access-to-and-confidentiality-of-research-data-report-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9958/improving-access-to-and-confidentiality-of-research-data-report-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Computers and Information Technology %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 74 %X Improving Access to and Confidentiality of Research Data summarizes a workshop convened by the Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) to promote discussion about methods for advancing the often conflicting goals of exploiting the research potential of microdata and maintaining acceptable levels of confidentiality. This report outlines essential themes of the access versus confidentiality debate that emerged during the workshop. Among these themes are the tradeoffs and tensions between the needs of researchers and other data users on the one hand and confidentiality requirements on the other; the relative advantages and costs of data perturbation techniques (applied to facilitate public release) versus restricted access as tools for improving security; and the need to quantify disclosure risks—both absolute and relative—created by researchers and research data, as well as by other data users and other types of data. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Voss, Paul R. %E Marton, Krisztina %T Small Populations, Large Effects: Improving the Measurement of the Group Quarters Population in the American Community Survey %@ 978-0-309-25560-8 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13387/small-populations-large-effects-improving-the-measurement-of-the-group %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13387/small-populations-large-effects-improving-the-measurement-of-the-group %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 176 %X In the early 1990s, the Census Bureau proposed a program of continuous measurement as a possible alternative to the gathering of detailed social, economic, and housing data from a sample of the U.S. population as part of the decennial census. The American Community Survey (ACS) became a reality in 2005, and has included group quarters (GQ)-such places as correctional facilities for adults, student housing, nursing facilities, inpatient hospice facilities, and military barracks-since 2006, primarily to more closely replicate the design and data products of the census long-form sample. The decision to include group quarters in the ACS enables the Census Bureau to provide a comprehensive benchmark of the total U.S. population (not just those living in households). However, the fact that the ACS must rely on a sample of what is a small and very diverse population, combined with limited funding available for survey operations, makes the ACS GQ sampling, data collection, weighting, and estimation procedures more complex and the estimates more susceptible to problems stemming from these limitations. The concerns are magnified in small areas, particularly in terms of detrimental effects on the total population estimates produced for small areas. Small Populations, Large Effects provides an in-depth review of the statistical methodology for measuring the GQ population in the ACS. This report addresses difficulties associated with measuring the GQ population and the rationale for including GQs in the ACS. Considering user needs for ACS data and of operational feasibility and compatibility with the treatment of the household population in the ACS, the report recommends alternatives to the survey design and other methodological features that can make the ACS more useful for users of small-area data. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Citro, Constance F. %E Martin, Margaret E. %E Straf, Miron L. %T Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Fourth Edition %@ 978-0-309-12175-0 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12564/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency-fourth-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12564/principles-and-practices-for-a-federal-statistical-agency-fourth-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 135 %X Since 1992, the Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) has produced a book on principles and practices for a federal statistical agency, updating the document every 4 years to provide a current edition to newly appointed cabinet secretaries at the beginning of each presidential administration. This fourth edition presents and comments on four basic principles that statistical agencies must embody in order to carry out their mission fully: (1) They must produce objective data that are relevant to policy issues, (2) they must achieve and maintain credibility among data users, (3) they must achieve and maintain trust among data providers, and (4) they must achieve and maintain a strong position of independence from the appearance and reality of political control. The book also discusses 11 important practices that are means for statistical agencies to live up to the four principles. These practices include a commitment to quality and professional practice and an active program of methodological and substantive research. This fourth edition adds the principle that statistical agencies must operate from a strong position of independence and the practice that agencies must have ongoing internal and external evaluations of their programs. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T Measuring Personal Travel and Goods Movement: A Review of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' Surveys -- Special Report 277 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10837/measuring-personal-travel-and-goods-movement-a-review-of-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10837/measuring-personal-travel-and-goods-movement-a-review-of-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 148 %X TRB Special Report 277 - Measuring Personal Travel and Goods Movement recommends a series of actions the U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) should take to render its flagship surveys -- the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) and the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) -- more effective in meeting the needs of a broad spectrum of data users. The report also recommends approaches BTS and its survey partners should adopt to develop more effective survey methods and address institutional issues affecting survey stability and quality. Report Summary published in the October-September 2004 issue of the TR News. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Kuebler, Caryn %E Mackie, Christopher %T Improving Business Statistics Through Interagency Data Sharing: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-10261-2 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11738/improving-business-statistics-through-interagency-data-sharing-summary-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11738/improving-business-statistics-through-interagency-data-sharing-summary-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 156 %X U.S. business data are used broadly, providing the building blocks for key national—as well as regional and local—statistics measuring aggregate income and output, employment, investment, prices, and productivity. Beyond aggregate statistics, individual- and firm-level data are used for a wide range of microanalyses by academic researchers and by policy makers. In the United States, data collection and production efforts are conducted by a decentralized system of statistical agencies. This apparatus yields an extensive array of data that, particularly when made available in the form of microdata, provides an unparalleled resource for policy analysis and research on social issues and for the production of economic statistics. However, the decentralized nature of the statistical system also creates challenges to efficient data collection, to containment of respondent burden, and to maintaining consistency of terms and units of measurement. It is these challenges that raise to paramount importance the practice of effective data sharing among the statistical agencies. With this as the backdrop, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) asked the Committee on National Statistics of the National Academies to convene a workshop to discuss interagency business data sharing. The workshop was held October 21, 2005. This report is a summary of the discussions of that workshop. The workshop focused on the benefits of data sharing to two groups of stakeholders: the statistical agencies themselves and downstream data users. Presenters were asked to highlight untapped opportunities for productive data sharing that cannot yet be exploited because of regulatory or legislative constraints. The most prominently discussed example was that of tax data needed to reconcile the two primary business lists use by the statistical agencies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Eddy, William F. %E Marton, Krisztina %T Effective Tracking of Building Energy Use: Improving the Commercial Buildings and Residential Energy Consumption Surveys %@ 978-0-309-25401-4 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13360/effective-tracking-of-building-energy-use-improving-the-commercial-buildings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13360/effective-tracking-of-building-energy-use-improving-the-commercial-buildings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 150 %X The United States is responsible for nearly one-fifth of the world's energy consumption. Population growth, and the associated growth in housing, commercial floor space, transportation, goods, and services is expected to cause a 0.7 percent annual increase in energy demand for the foreseeable future. The energy used by the commercial and residential sectors represents approximately 40 percent of the nation's total energy consumption, and the share of these two sectors is expected to increase in the future. The Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) and Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) are two major surveys conducted by the Energy Information Administration. The surveys are the most relevant sources of data available to researchers and policy makers on energy consumption in the commercial and residential sectors. Many of the design decisions and operational procedures for the CBECS and RECS were developed in the 1970s and 1980s, and resource limitations during much of the time since then have prevented EIA from making significant changes to the data collections. Effective Tracking of Building Energy Use makes recommendations for redesigning the surveys based on a review of evolving data user needs and an assessment of new developments in relevant survey methods. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Crash Records Systems %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13688/crash-records-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13688/crash-records-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 35 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 350: Crash Records Systems examines crash records systems practices and programs as applied to highway and traffic safety. The report covers crash data collection, crash processing and management, and data linkages for reporting and analysis. While no single comprehensive system examples are identified in the report, many examples of one or more successful components were found to address the needs of three groups of stakeholders—data collectors, data managers, and data users. The report also contains information about lessons learned from examples of successful systems, addressing the needs and concerns of stakeholders. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Lauritsen, Janet L. %E Cork, Daniel L. %T Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 1: Defining and Classifying Crime %@ 978-0-309-44109-4 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23492/modernizing-crime-statistics-report-1-defining-and-classifying-crime %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23492/modernizing-crime-statistics-report-1-defining-and-classifying-crime %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 286 %X To derive statistics about crime – to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it – a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite. Developing and maintaining such a framework is no easy task, because the mechanics of crime are ever evolving and shifting: tied to shifts and development in technology, society, and legislation. Interest in understanding crime surged in the 1920s, which proved to be a pivotal decade for the collection of nationwide crime statistics. Now established as a permanent agency, the Census Bureau commissioned the drafting of a manual for preparing crime statistics—intended for use by the police, corrections departments, and courts alike. The new manual sought to solve a perennial problem by suggesting a standard taxonomy of crime. Shortly after the Census Bureau issued its manual, the International Association of Chiefs of Police in convention adopted a resolution to create a Committee on Uniform Crime Records —to begin the process of describing what a national system of data on crimes known to the police might look like. The key distinction between the rigorous classification proposed in this report and the “classifications” that have come before in U.S. crime statistics is that it is intended to partition the entirety of behaviors that could be considered criminal offenses into mutually exclusive categories. Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 1: Defining and Classifying Crime assesses and makes recommendations for the development of a modern set of crime measures in the United States and the best means for obtaining them. This first report develops a new classification of crime by weighing various perspectives on how crime should be defined and organized with the needs and demands of the full array of crime data users and stakeholders. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Prewitt, Kenneth %E Mackie, Christopher D. %E Habermann, Hermann %T Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion: Measuring Dimensions of Social Capital to Inform Policy %@ 978-0-309-30725-3 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18831/civic-engagement-and-social-cohesion-measuring-dimensions-of-social-capital %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18831/civic-engagement-and-social-cohesion-measuring-dimensions-of-social-capital %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 196 %X People's bonds, associations and networks - as well as the civil, political, and institutional characteristics of the society in which they live - can be powerful drivers affecting the quality of life among a community's, a city's, or a nation's inhabitants and their ability to achieve both individual and societal goals. Civic engagement, social cohesion, and other dimensions of social capital affect social, economic and health outcomes for individuals and communities. Can these be measured, and can federal surveys contribute toward this end? Can this information be collected elsewhere, and if so, how should it be collected? Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion identifies measurement approaches that can lead to improved understanding of civic engagement, social cohesion, and social capital - and their potential role in explaining the functioning of society. With the needs of data users in mind, this report examines conceptual frameworks developed in the literature to determine promising measures and measurement methods for informing public policy discourse. The report identifies working definitions of key terms; advises on the feasibility and specifications of indicators relevant to analyses of social, economic, and health domains; and assesses the strength of the evidence regarding the relationship between these indicators and observed trends in crime, employment, and resilience to shocks such as natural disasters. Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion weighs the relative merits of surveys, administrative records, and non-government data sources, and considers the appropriate role of the federal statistical system. This report makes recommendations to improve the measurement of civic health through population surveys conducted by the government and identifies priority areas for research, development, and implementation.