TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Building Data Capacity for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research: Interim Report 2–Data Standards, Methods, and Policy SN - DO - 10.17226/26298 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26298/building-data-capacity-for-patient-centered-outcomes-research-interim-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE), in partnership with other agencies and divisions of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, coordinates a portfolio of projects that build data capacity for conducting patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR). PCOR focuses on producing scientific evidence on the effectiveness of prevention and treatment options to inform the health care decisions of patients, families, and health care providers, taking into consideration the preferences, values, and questions patients face when making health care choices. ASPE asked the National Academies to appoint a consensus study committee to identify issues critical to the continued development of the data infrastructure for PCOR. The committee's work will contribute to ASPE's development of a strategic plan that will guide their work related to PCOR data capacity over the next decade. As part of its information gathering activities, the committee organized three workshops to collect input from stakeholders on the PCOR data infrastructure. This report, the second in a series of three interim reports, summarizes the discussion and committee conclusions from the second workshop, focused on data standards, methods, and policies that could make the PCOR data infrastructure more useful in the years ahead. Participants in the workshop included researchers and policy experts working in these areas. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Paul E. Uhlir TI - For Attribution: Developing Data Attribution and Citation Practices and Standards: Summary of an International Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/13564 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13564/for-attribution-developing-data-attribution-and-citation-practices-and-standards PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - The growth of electronic publishing of literature has created new challenges, such as the need for mechanisms for citing online references in ways that can assure discoverability and retrieval for many years into the future. The growth in online datasets presents related, yet more complex challenges. It depends upon the ability to reliably identify, locate, access, interpret, and verify the version, integrity, and provenance of digital datasets. Data citation standards and good practices can form the basis for increased incentives, recognition, and rewards for scientific data activities that in many cases are currently lacking in many fields of research. The rapidly-expanding universe of online digital data holds the promise of allowing peer-examination and review of conclusions or analysis based on experimental or observational data, the integration of data into new forms of scholarly publishing, and the ability for subsequent users to make new and unforeseen uses and analyses of the same data-either in isolation, or in combination with, other datasets. The problem of citing online data is complicated by the lack of established practices for referring to portions or subsets of data. There are a number of initiatives in different organizations, countries, and disciplines already underway. An important set of technical and policy approaches have already been launched by the U.S. National Information Standards Organization (NISO) and other standards bodies regarding persistent identifiers and online linking. The workshop summarized in For Attribution -- Developing Data Attribution and Citation Practices and Standards: Summary of an International Workshop was organized by a steering committee under the National Research Council's (NRC's) Board on Research Data and Information, in collaboration with an international CODATA-ICSTI Task Group on Data Citation Standards and Practices. The purpose of the symposium was to examine a number of key issues related to data identification, attribution, citation, and linking to help coordinate activities in this area internationally, and to promote common practices and standards in the scientific community. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Suzanne M. O’Neill A2 - Roger F. Teal TI - Standardizing Data for Mobility Management DO - 10.17226/22449 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22449/standardizing-data-for-mobility-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document 62: Standardizing Data for Mobility Management explores opportunities for the standardization of data relevant to mobility management systems. The report focuses on near-term and long-term objectives. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Philip Aspden A2 - Janet M. Corrigan A2 - Julie Wolcott A2 - Shari M. Erickson TI - Patient Safety: Achieving a New Standard for Care SN - DO - 10.17226/10863 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10863/patient-safety-achieving-a-new-standard-for-care PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Americans should be able to count on receiving health care that is safe. To achieve this, a new health care delivery system is needed — a system that both prevents errors from occurring, and learns from them when they do occur. The development of such a system requires a commitment by all stakeholders to a culture of safety and to the development of improved information systems for the delivery of health care. This national health information infrastructure is needed to provide immediate access to complete patient information and decision-support tools for clinicians and their patients. In addition, this infrastructure must capture patient safety information as a by-product of care and use this information to design even safer delivery systems. Health data standards are both a critical and time-sensitive building block of the national health information infrastructure. Building on the Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm, Patient Safety puts forward a road map for the development and adoption of key health care data standards to support both information exchange and the reporting and analysis of patient safety data. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Key Capabilities of an Electronic Health Record System: Letter Report SN - DO - 10.17226/10781 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10781/key-capabilities-of-an-electronic-health-record-system-letter-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - Commissioned by the Department of Health and Human Services, Key Capabilities of an Electronic Health Record System provides guidance on the most significant care delivery-related capabilities of electronic health record (EHR) systems. There is a great deal of interest in both the public and private sectors in encouraging all health care providers to migrate from paper-based health records to a system that stores health information electronically and employs computer-aided decision support systems. In part, this interest is due to a growing recognition that a stronger information technology infrastructure is integral to addressing national concerns such as the need to improve the safety and the quality of health care, rising health care costs, and matters of homeland security related to the health sector. Key Capabilities of an Electronic Health Record System provides a set of basic functionalities that an EHR system must employ to promote patient safety, including detailed patient data (e.g., diagnoses, allergies, laboratory results), as well as decision-support capabilities (e.g., the ability to alert providers to potential drug-drug interactions). The book examines care delivery functions, such as database management and the use of health care data standards to better advance the safety, quality, and efficiency of health care in the United States. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Assessment of the Material Measurement Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Fiscal Year 2020 SN - DO - 10.17226/26048 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26048/an-assessment-of-the-material-measurement-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The Material Measurement Laboratory (MML) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) comprises six technical divisions and two offices. The two offices manage programs related to NIST standard reference materials and NIST data products or standard reference data. The technical divisions engage in research and development of the measurement science, standards, technology, and data required to support the nation’s need to design, develop, manufacture, and use materials. These divisions interact extensively with both industry and public institutions to advance the economy and provide tools for the creation of knowledge. This report assesses the scientific and technical work performed by the NIST Material Measurement Laboratory and makes actionable recommendations to support MML in the achievement of its objectives. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jack Ray TI - BIM Beyond Design Guidebook DO - 10.17226/25840 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25840/bim-beyond-design-guidebook PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - The complexity of airport management has grown dramatically in recent years, with increased security requirements, a focus on sustainability, increased competition, new technologies, and traffic growth.The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 214: BIM Beyond Design Guidebook gives airport owners the basic knowledge required to manage this complexity through building information modeling (BIM), a practice that has transformed the design and construction industry over the last decade and is now emerging as a key component to enhancing an asset life cycle management approach for many organizations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Frances D. Harrison A2 - William Duke A2 - Juliet Eldred A2 - Michael Pack A2 - Nikola Ivanov A2 - Joe Crosset A2 - Larry Chan TI - Management and Use of Data for Transportation Performance Management: Guide for Practitioners DO - 10.17226/25462 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25462/management-and-use-of-data-for-transportation-performance-management-guide-for-practitioners PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Recent federal legislation has established requirements for agencies to set performance targets and report on safety, pavement, and bridge conditions; transit asset state of good repair; system performance; freight; and mobile source emissions. These requirements have resulted in increased visibility and attention to Transportation Performance Management (TPM) and increased awareness of the importance of data within that process.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Report 920: Management and Use of Data for Transportation Performance Management: Guide for Practitioners provides practical guidance to transportation agencies to help improve their use of data for performance management.The guidance is organized around six data life-cycle stages and includes a discussion of what is involved in implementing each step and some of the critical choices to be made; a synthesis of key points in the form of “Dos and Don’ts” checklists that can be used to assess agency capabilities and identify opportunities for improvement; and illustrative examples.While this guide draws on many examples related to the federally defined TPM areas (safety, pavement, bridge, and system performance), it does not provide official guidance for MAP-21/FAST Act target setting or reporting. It provides a framework for assessing current data management practices and a source of ideas for practice improvement. Its purpose is to promote practices that will enable agencies to go beyond meeting reporting requirements, to get valuable insights from data that can be used to boost agency results.An additional resource to the guide is a downloadable report: Developing National Performance Management Data Strategies to Address Data Gaps, Standards, and Quality: Final Research Report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Daniel Boyle TI - Transit Service Evaluation Standards DO - 10.17226/25446 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25446/transit-service-evaluation-standards PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 139: Transit Service Evaluation Standards provides an overview of the purpose, use, and application of performance measures, service evaluation standards, and data collection methods at North American transit agencies.The report addresses the service evaluation process, from the selection of appropriate metrics through development of service evaluation standards and data collection and analysis to the identification of actions to improve service and implementation.The report also documents effective practices in the development and use of service evaluation standards. The report includes an analysis of the state of the practice of the service evaluation process in agencies of different sizes, geographic locations, and modes.Appendix D contains performance evaluation standards and guidelines provided by 23 agencies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Larry W. Thomas and James B. McDaniel TI - Legal Issues Concerning Transit Agency Use of Electronic Customer Data DO - 10.17226/24730 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24730/legal-issues-concerning-transit-agency-use-of-electronic-customer-data PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Legal Research Digest (LRD) 48: Legal Issues Concerning Transit Agency Use of Electronic Customer Data explores the advantages, disadvantages, risks, and benefits for transit agencies moving to electronic, cloudbased, and other computerized systems for fare purchases and for communicating with customers. “Smart” fare cards are now commonplace, and private businesses and transit agencies are using or planning to use smartphones, smart cards and credit cards, and other systems to obtain payment, location, and other personal data from customers.This digest updates TCRP LRD 14: Privacy Issues in Public Transportation (2000) and TCRP LRD 25: Privacy Issues with the Use of Smart Cards (2008) and covers additional dimensions of collection and use of personal information using new technologies developed since those studies. Appendix A-D are available online only. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Review of the Space Communications Program of NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate SN - DO - 10.17226/11718 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11718/review-of-the-space-communications-program-of-nasas-space-operations-mission-directorate PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - The Space Communications Office (SCO) at NASA has two primary roles. The first is to manage two of the communications networks that enable spaceflight operations and research, and the second is to integrate agency-wide telecommunications issues. In 2005, NASA asked the NRC to review the effectiveness of the SCO in carrying out its responsibilities by assessing the overall quality of the space communications program. This report presents a review of each of the program elements within the SCO—the space network, NASA’s integrated space network (NISN), spectrum management, standards management, search and rescue, communications and navigation architecture, technology, and operations integration. The review focuses on formulation of plans for each element, plan development methodology, connections with the broader community, and overall capabilities. Recommendations for improving SCO operations and organization are provided. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age SN - DO - 10.17226/12615 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12615/ensuring-the-integrity-accessibility-and-stewardship-of-research-data-in-the-digital-age PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Education AB - As digital technologies are expanding the power and reach of research, they are also raising complex issues. These include complications in ensuring the validity of research data; standards that do not keep pace with the high rate of innovation; restrictions on data sharing that reduce the ability of researchers to verify results and build on previous research; and huge increases in the amount of data being generated, creating severe challenges in preserving that data for long-term use. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age examines the consequences of the changes affecting research data with respect to three issues - integrity, accessibility, and stewardship-and finds a need for a new approach to the design and the management of research projects. The report recommends that all researchers receive appropriate training in the management of research data, and calls on researchers to make all research data, methods, and other information underlying results publicly accessible in a timely manner. The book also sees the stewardship of research data as a critical long-term task for the research enterprise and its stakeholders. Individual researchers, research institutions, research sponsors, professional societies, and journals involved in scientific, engineering, and medical research will find this book an essential guide to the principles affecting research data in the digital age. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Communicating National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Information to Data Users: Letter Report DO - 10.17226/13120 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13120/communicating-national-science-foundation-science-and-engineering-information-to-data-users PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - This report from the Panel on Communicating National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Engineering Information to Data Users recommends action by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (SRS) on four key issues: data content and presentation; meeting changing storage and retrieval standards; understanding data users and their emerging needs; and data accessibility. This report also includes a summary of the workshop that focused on the several aspects of the NCSES's current approaches to communicating and disseminating statistical information -- including NCSES's information products, website, and database systems. It included presentations from NCSES staff and representatives of key use groups -- including the academic research, private nonprofit research, and federal government policy making communities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Mary E. McCahon A2 - Larry Sutherland A2 - Steven Shaup TI - Design and Management of Historic Roads DO - 10.17226/22790 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22790/design-and-management-of-historic-roads PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 189: Design and Management of Historic Roads explores how the inherent flexibility in the current policies, manuals, criteria, rules, standards, and data sets that underlie the transportation planning and project development process may be used to preserve historic roads and roads in historic districts and settings. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Margie Patlak A2 - Sharyl Nass A2 - Christine Micheel TI - Multi-Center Phase III Clinical Trials and NCI Cooperative Groups: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/12535 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12535/multi-center-phase-iii-clinical-trials-and-nci-cooperative-groups PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The NCI-sponsored cooperative groups have made important contributions to improving treatment for many types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, colorectal, and childhood cancers. Cooperative group research has been instrumental in establishing innovative treatments that improve outcomes and quality of life. Despite these successes, the Cooperative Group Program has faced a number of challenges that threaten its effectiveness. To address this problem, the National Cancer Policy Forum (NCPF) convened a workshop titled "Multi-Center Phase III Clinical Trials and NCI Cooperative Groups" in Washington, DC, on July 1-2, 2008. The purpose of the workshop was to outline the challenges that the public clinical cancer research enterprise faces, and to identify possible solutions to these challenges. ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Transit Asset Condition Reporting DO - 10.17226/14595 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14595/transit-asset-condition-reporting PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 92: Transit Asset Condition Reporting examines and documents the current state of the practice in transit asset condition management. The report defines transit asset management as a strategic planning process that supports informed capital investment planning and programming.The report’s objective is to provide transit agencies and their federal, state, and local funding partners with a review of current practices in order to help encourage an industry-wide discussion on standards and the data needed to measure conditions and use the information in making effective investment decisions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - National Spatial Data Infrastructure Partnership Programs: Rethinking the Focus SN - DO - 10.17226/10241 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10241/national-spatial-data-infrastructure-partnership-programs-rethinking-the-focus PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) was envisioned as a way of enhancing the accessibility, communication, and use of geospatial data to support a wide variety of decisions at all levels of society. The goals of the NSDI are to reduce redundancy in geospatial data creation and maintenance, reduce the costs of geospatial data creation and maintenance, improve access to geospatial data, and improve the accuracy of geospatial data used by the broader community. At the core of the NSDI is the concept of partnerships, or collaborations, between different agencies, corporations, institutions, and levels of government. In a previous report, the Mapping Science Committee (MSC) defined a partnership as "...a joint activity of federal and state agencies, involving one or more agencies as joint principals focusing on geographic information." The concept of partnerships was built on the foundation of shared responsibilities, shared costs, shared benefits, and shared control. Partnerships are designed to share the costs of creation and maintenance of geospatial data, seeking to avoid unnecessary duplication, and to make it possible for data collected by one agency at a high level of spatial detail to be used by another agency in more generalized form. Over the past seven years, a series of funding programs administered by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) has stimulated the creation of such partnerships, and thereby promoted the objectives of the NSDI, by raising awareness of the need for a coordinated national approach to geospatial data creation, maintenance, and use. They include the NSDI Cooperative Agreements Program, the Framework Demonstration Projects Program, the Community Demonstration Projects, and the Community-Federal Information Partnerships proposal. This report assesses the success of the FGDC partnership programs that have been established between the federal government and state and local government, industry, and academic communities in promoting the objectives of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. ER - TY - BOOK TI - A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling SN - DO - 10.17226/13430 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13430/a-national-strategy-for-advancing-climate-modeling PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Earth Sciences AB - As climate change has pushed climate patterns outside of historic norms, the need for detailed projections is growing across all sectors, including agriculture, insurance, and emergency preparedness planning. A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling emphasizes the needs for climate models to evolve substantially in order to deliver climate projections at the scale and level of detail desired by decision makers, this report finds. Despite much recent progress in developing reliable climate models, there are still efficiencies to be gained across the large and diverse U.S. climate modeling community. Evolving to a more unified climate modeling enterprise-in particular by developing a common software infrastructure shared by all climate researchers and holding an annual climate modeling forum-could help speed progress. Throughout this report, several recommendations and guidelines are outlined to accelerate progress in climate modeling. The U.S. supports several climate models, each conceptually similar but with components assembled with slightly different software and data output standards. If all U.S. climate models employed a single software system, it could simplify testing and migration to new computing hardware, and allow scientists to compare and interchange climate model components, such as land surface or ocean models. A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling recommends an annual U.S. climate modeling forum be held to help bring the nation's diverse modeling communities together with the users of climate data. This would provide climate model data users with an opportunity to learn more about the strengths and limitations of models and provide input to modelers on their needs and provide a venue for discussions of priorities for the national modeling enterprise, and bring disparate climate science communities together to design common modeling experiments. In addition, A National Strategy for Advancing Climate Modeling explains that U.S. climate modelers will need to address an expanding breadth of scientific problems while striving to make predictions and projections more accurate. Progress toward this goal can be made through a combination of increasing model resolution, advances in observations, improved model physics, and more complete representations of the Earth system. To address the computing needs of the climate modeling community, the report suggests a two-pronged approach that involves the continued use and upgrading of existing climate-dedicated computing resources at modeling centers, together with research on how to effectively exploit the more complex computer hardware systems expected over the next 10 to 20 years. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Center Truck Performance on Low-Floor Light Rail Vehicles DO - 10.17226/14000 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14000/center-truck-performance-on-low-floor-light-rail-vehicles PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 114: Center Truck Performance on Low-Floor Light Rail Vehicles examines performance issues observed in the operation of low-floor light rail vehicle (LFLRV) center trucks (focusing on 70-percent low-floor vehicles), such as excessive wheel wear and noise and occasional derailments, and provides proposed guidance on how to minimize or avoid these issues. The report also includes suggestions on LFLRV specifications, maintenance, and design, as well as on related infrastructure design and maintenance, to maximize performance of these LFLRV center trucks. ER -