@BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Empowering the Defense Acquisition Workforce to Improve Mission Outcomes Using Data Science", isbn = "978-0-309-68493-4", abstract = "The effective use of data science - the science and technology of extracting value from data - improves, enhances, and strengthens acquisition decision-making and outcomes. Using data science to support decision making is not new to the defense acquisition community; its use by the acquisition workforce has enabled acquisition and thus defense successes for decades. Still, more consistent and expanded application of data science will continue improving acquisition outcomes, and doing so requires coordinated efforts across the defense acquisition system and its related communities and stakeholders. Central to that effort is the development, growth, and sustainment of data science capabilities across the acquisition workforce.\nAt the request of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, Empowering the Defense Acquisition Workforce to Improve Mission Outcomes Using Data Science assesses how data science can improve acquisition processes and develops a framework for training and educating the defense acquisition workforce to better exploit the application of data science. This report identifies opportunities where data science can improve acquisition processes, the relevant data science skills and capabilities necessary for the acquisition workforce, and relevant models of data science training and education.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25979/empowering-the-defense-acquisition-workforce-to-improve-mission-outcomes-using-data-science", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Erin Hammers Forstag", title = "Foundations of Data Science for Students in Grades K-12: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-69815-3", abstract = "On September 13 and 14, 2022, the Board on Science Education at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop entitled Foundations of Data Science for Students in Grades K\u201312. Speakers and participants explored the rapidly growing field of K-12 data science education, by surveying the current landscape, surfacing what is known, and identifying what is needed to support student learning, develop curriculum and tools, and prepare educators. To support these conversations, four papers were commissioned and discussed during the workshop. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26852/foundations-of-data-science-for-students-in-grades-k-12", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Linda Casola", title = "Roundtable on Data Science Postsecondary Education: A Compilation of Meeting Highlights", isbn = "978-0-309-67770-7", abstract = "Established in December 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Data Science Postsecondary Education was charged with identifying the challenges of and highlighting best practices in postsecondary data science education. Convening quarterly for 3 years, representatives from academia, industry, and government gathered with other experts from across the nation to discuss various topics under this charge. The meetings centered on four central themes: foundations of data science; data science across the postsecondary curriculum; data science across society; and ethics and data science. This publication highlights the presentations and discussions of each meeting.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25804/roundtable-on-data-science-postsecondary-education-a-compilation-of-meeting", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Francis K. Amankwah and Robert Pool and Sharyl J. Nass", title = "Innovative Data Science Approaches to Identify Individuals, Populations, and Communities at High Risk for Suicide: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-69506-0", abstract = "Emerging real-time data sources, together with innovative data science techniques and methods - including artificial intelligence and machine learning - can help inform upstream suicide prevention efforts. Select social media platforms have proactively deployed these methods to identify individual platform users at high risk for suicide, and in some cases may activate local law enforcement, if needed, to prevent imminent suicide. To explore the current scope of activities, benefits, and risks of leveraging innovative data science techniques to help inform upstream suicide prevention at the individual and population level, the Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop series consisting of three webinars held on April 28, May 12, and June 30, 2022. This Proceedings highlights presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26752/innovative-data-science-approaches-to-identify-individuals-populations-and-communities-at-high-risk-for-suicide", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Data Science for Undergraduates: Opportunities and Options", isbn = "978-0-309-47559-4", abstract = "Data science is emerging as a field that is revolutionizing science and industries alike. Work across nearly all domains is becoming more data driven, affecting both the jobs that are available and the skills that are required. As more data and ways of analyzing them become available, more aspects of the economy, society, and daily life will become dependent on data. It is imperative that educators, administrators, and students begin today to consider how to best prepare for and keep pace with this data-driven era of tomorrow. Undergraduate teaching, in particular, offers a critical link in offering more data science exposure to students and expanding the supply of data science talent.\n\nData Science for Undergraduates: Opportunities and Options offers a vision for the emerging discipline of data science at the undergraduate level. This report outlines some considerations and approaches for academic institutions and others in the broader data science communities to help guide the ongoing transformation of this field.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25104/data-science-for-undergraduates-opportunities-and-options", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Linda Casola and Ellen Mantus", title = "Data Science: Opportunities to Transform Chemical Sciences and Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "New technologies and approaches are generating large, diverse data sets, and data science offers the tools that are needed to interrogate, analyze, and manage these data sets. Biology, material sciences, and other fields have embraced data science tools and used them to gain insights into, for example, gene\u2013environment interactions, molecular mechanisms of disease, and implications of material characteristics on performance. Chemical sciences and engineering have also used data science tools to, for example, monitor and control chemical processes, predict activity depending on chemical structures or properties, and inform business and research decisions. However, data science applications in the chemical sciences and engineering community have been relatively limited, and many opportunities for advancing the fields have gone unexplored. Accordingly, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to explore opportunities to use data science to transform chemical sciences and engineering on February 27\u201328, 2018, in Washington, DC. Stakeholders from academia, government, and industry convened to discuss the challenges and opportunities to integrate data science into chemical sciences and engineering practice and data science training for the future chemical sciences and engineering workforce. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25191/data-science-opportunities-to-transform-chemical-sciences-and-engineering-proceedings", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Envisioning the Data Science Discipline: The Undergraduate Perspective: Interim Report", isbn = "978-0-309-46505-2", abstract = "The need to manage, analyze, and extract knowledge from data is pervasive across industry, government, and academia. Scientists, engineers, and executives routinely encounter enormous volumes of data, and new techniques and tools are emerging to create knowledge out of these data, some of them capable of working with real-time streams of data. The nation\u2019s ability to make use of these data depends on the availability of an educated workforce with necessary expertise. With these new capabilities have come novel ethical challenges regarding the effectiveness and appropriateness of broad applications of data analyses. \n\nThe field of data science has emerged to address the proliferation of data and the need to manage and understand it. Data science is a hybrid of multiple disciplines and skill sets, draws on diverse fields (including computer science, statistics, and mathematics), encompasses topics in ethics and privacy, and depends on specifics of the domains to which it is applied. Fueled by the explosion of data, jobs that involve data science have proliferated and an array of data science programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels have been established. Nevertheless, data science is still in its infancy, which suggests the importance of envisioning what the field might look like in the future and what key steps can be taken now to move data science education in that direction. \n\nThis study will set forth a vision for the emerging discipline of data science at the undergraduate level. This interim report lays out some of the information and comments that the committee has gathered and heard during the first half of its study, offers perspectives on the current state of data science education, and poses some questions that may shape the way data science education evolves in the future. The study will conclude in early 2018 with a final report that lays out a vision for future data science education.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24886/envisioning-the-data-science-discipline-the-undergraduate-perspective-interim-report", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Strengthening Data Science Methods for Department of Defense Personnel and Readiness Missions", isbn = "978-0-309-45078-2", abstract = "The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel & Readiness), referred to throughout this report as P&R, is responsible for the total force management of all Department of Defense (DoD) components including the recruitment, readiness, and retention of personnel. Its work and policies are supported by a number of organizations both within DoD, including the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC), and externally, including the federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) that work for DoD. P&R must be able to answer questions for the Secretary of Defense such as how to recruit people with an aptitude for and interest in various specialties and along particular career tracks and how to assess on an ongoing basis service members' career satisfaction and their ability to meet new challenges. P&R must also address larger-scale questions, such as how the current realignment of forces to the Asia-Pacific area and other regions will affect recruitment, readiness, and retention. \n\nWhile DoD makes use of large-scale data and mathematical analysis in intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and elsewhere\u2014exploiting techniques such as complex network analysis, machine learning, streaming social media analysis, and anomaly detection\u2014these skills and capabilities have not been applied as well to the personnel and readiness enterprise. Strengthening Data Science Methods for Department of Defense Personnel and Readiness Missions offers and roadmap and implementation plan for the integration of data analysis in support of decisions within the purview of P&R.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23670/strengthening-data-science-methods-for-department-of-defense-personnel-and-readiness-missions", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Opportunities from the Integration of Simulation Science and Data Science: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-48189-2", abstract = "Convergence has been a key topic of discussion about the future of cyberinfrastructure for science and engineering research. Convergence refers both to the combined use of simulation and data-centric techniques in science and engineering research and the possibilities for a single type of cyberinfrastructure to support both techniques. The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine convened a Workshop on Converging Simulation and Data-Driven Science on May 10, 2018, in Washington, D.C. The workshop featured speakers from universities, national laboratories, technology companies, and federal agencies who addressed the potential benefits and limitations of convergence as they relate to scientific needs, technological capabilities, funding structures, and system design requirements. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25199/opportunities-from-the-integration-of-simulation-science-and-data-science", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "International Coordination for Science Data Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "Advances in science and technology have led to the creation of large amounts of data\u2014data that could be harnessed to improve productivity, cure disease, and address many other critical issues. Consensus in the scientific community is growing that the transition to truly data-driven and open science is best achieved by the establishment of a globally interoperable research infrastructure. \n\nA number of projects are looking to establish this infrastructure and exploit data to its fullest potential. Several projects in the United States, Europe, and China have made significant strides toward this effort. The goal of these projects is to make research data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable, or FAIR. The expected impact and benefits of FAIR data are substantial. To realize these benefits, there is a need to examine critical success factors for implementation, including training of a new generation of data experts to provide the necessary capacity. On November 1, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a symposium to explore these issues. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the symposium.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25015/international-coordination-for-science-data-infrastructure-proceedings-of-a-workshop", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Communicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age", isbn = "978-0-309-22209-9", abstract = "The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) communicates its science and engineering (S&E) information to data users in a very fluid environment that is undergoing modernization at a pace at which data producer dissemination practices, protocols, and technologies, on one hand, and user demands and capabilities, on the other, are changing faster than the agency has been able to accommodate. NCSES asked the Committee on National Statistics and the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council to form a panel to review the NCSES communication and dissemination program that is concerned with the collection and distribution of information on science and engineering and to recommend future directions for the program.\nCommunicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age includes recommendations to improve NCSES's dissemination program and improve data user engagement. This report includes recommendations such as NCSES's transition to a dissemination framework that emphasizes database management rather than data presentation, and that NCSES analyze the results of its initial online consumer survey and refine it over time. The implementation of the report's recommendations should be undertaken within an overall framework that accords priority to the basic quality of the data and the fundamentals of dissemination, then to significant enhancements that are achievable in the short term, while laying the groundwork for other long-term improvements.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13282/communicating-science-and-engineering-data-in-the-information-age", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Data for Science and Society: Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Scientific and Technical Data", abstract = "In conjunction with several federal science agencies, the U.S. National Committee for CODATA organized the Second National Conference on Scientific and Technical Data: Data for Science and Society to address important multidisciplinary issues in managing and using scientific and technical (S&T) data and to improve the visibility of these issues nationally. The main focus was on promoting the availability and usefulness of S&T data to all users, both in research and in the broader society, using examples of ground-breaking and innovative applications and highly creative partnerships. The conference was held on March 13-14, 2000, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C., and included a set of plenary presentations by invited speakers, as well as contributed poster presentations and technical demonstrations. These proceedings from the conference include only the invited plenary presentations. These presentations have been edited and reviewed according to standard National Research Council procedures, although they are included in this volume as the contributions of each individual speaker. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10060/data-for-science-and-society-proceedings-of-the-second-national", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Using Narrative and Data to Communicate the Value of Science: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "How should we convey science\u2014both its findings and its value to society\u2014to the many members of the public who lack either scientific training or intense interest in scientific progress? In October 2016 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore ways of better presenting science\u2014both specific findings and the processes of discovering and confirming\u2014to the public. Participants discussed ways to develop data-enriched narratives that communicate to the public and policy makers in an engaging and rigorous way the work of basic research. They also explored the varied ways in which research provides the foundation for products, services, and activities that are of broad benefit to humanity. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24695/using-narrative-and-data-to-communicate-the-value-of-science", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Advancing Strategic Science: A Spatial Data Infrastructure Roadmap for the U.S. Geological Survey", isbn = "978-0-309-26457-0", abstract = "Science is increasingly driven by data, and spatial data underpin the science directions laid out in the 2007 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Science Strategy. A robust framework of spatial data, metadata, tools, and a user community that is interactively connected to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way--known as a spatial data infrastructure (SDI)--must be available for scientists and managers to find, use, and share spatial data both within and beyond the USGS.\nOver the last decade, the USGS has conducted breakthrough research that has overcome some of the challenges associated with implementing a large SDI. Advancing Strategic Science: A Spatial Data Infrastructure Roadmap for the U.S. Geological Survey is intended to ground those efforts by providing a practical roadmap to full implementation of an SDI to enable the USGS to conduct strategic science.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13506/advancing-strategic-science-a-spatial-data-infrastructure-roadmap-for-the", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Assessment of the Usefulness and Availability of NASA's Earth and Space Science Mission Data", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10363/assessment-of-the-usefulness-and-availability-of-nasas-earth-and-space-science-mission-data", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Julie M. Esanu and Paul F. Uhlir", title = "Open Access and the Public Domain in Digital Data and Information for Science: Proceedings of an International Symposium", isbn = "978-0-309-09145-9", abstract = "This symposium, which was held on March 10-11, 2003, at UNESCO headquarters in Paris, brought together policy experts and managers from the government and academic sectors in both developed and developing countries to (1) describe the role, value, and limits that the public domain and open access to digital data and information have in the context of international research; (2) identify and analyze the various legal, economic, and technological pressures on the public domain in digital data and information, and their potential effects on international research; and (3) review the existing and proposed approaches for preserving and promoting the public domain and open access to scientific and technical data and information on a global basis, with particular attention to the needs of developing countries.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11030/open-access-and-the-public-domain-in-digital-data-and-information-for-science", year = 2004, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Katiria Ortiz", title = "Improving Defense Acquisition Workforce Capability in Data Use: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "Data science has the potential to improve defense acquisition processes, which includes the full range of activities related to development, procurement, test and evaluation, deployment, and sustainment of materiel to serve military missions and needs. The Department of Defense (DoD) seeks to capitalize on innovations in data science and analytics to increase the efficiency of acquisition programs to meet rapidly evolving mission needs, identify alternative solutions to long-standing acquisition challenges, enable timely deployment of new systems, and ensure cost containment. To move toward more data-driven decisionmaking within the defense acquisition workforce, DoD seeks to identify necessary data science skills, options for training, and models for building teams with enhanced data capabilities.\nTo identify relevant data science skills and capabilities necessary for the acquisitions workforce and develop a framework for training and educating acquisition professionals, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics convened a virtual workshop on April 14, 2020. This publication provides a brief overview of the day's activities, panel specific observations or suggestions from individual speakers, and highlights overarching themes. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25922/improving-defense-acquisition-workforce-capability-in-data-use-proceedings-of", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Elizabeth T. Cady and Cameron H. Fletcher and Joe Alper", title = "Sharing Exemplary Admissions Practices That Promote Diversity in Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-71118-0", abstract = "The National Academy of Engineering convened a three-day workshop from May 24-26, 2021, which sought to define directions for future research on best practices, metrics, and policies that promote diversity in engineering and how they fit into the larger system of recruiting and retaining engineering students from all backgrounds. Workshop discussions examined the system of higher education admissions, transfer and 3+2 programs, research on admissions, and the advantages of and concerns with using artificial intelligence and data science tools in recruiting, admissions, and retention. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27278/sharing-exemplary-admissions-practices-that-promote-diversity-in-engineering-proceedings", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Jeanette Beebe and Raymond Wassel and Kaley Beins and Kathryn Z. Guyton", title = "Artificial Intelligence Tools and Open Data Practices for EPA Chemical Hazard Assessments: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA\u2019s) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Program identifies and characterizes the human health hazards of chemicals found in the environment. Human health risk assessments cover hazard identification as well as dose-response analyses for cancer and noncancer outcomes that are obtained from IRIS assessments. Human health risk assessments are highly important as they are used to inform a broad range of risk-related decisions across the agency. These assessments involve systematic reviews of the scientific literature, which obtain, evaluate, and summarize information to answer a research question in a transparent manner.\nAt the request of the Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment within EPA's Office of Research and Development, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore opportunities and challenges in using advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and data science to enhance human health risk assessments. The workshop was held virtually on May 25 and 26, 2022. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26540/artificial-intelligence-tools-and-open-data-practices-for-epa-chemical-hazard-assessments", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Anne F. Johnson and Andrew Bremer and Julie Liao and Audrey Thévenon", title = "Pivotal Interfaces of Environmental Health and Infectious Disease Research to Inform Responses to Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "Pathogens are the cause of infectious diseases, but the environment can play an important role in influencing the conditions under which pathogens spread and cause harm. Understanding the complex interplay among people, pathogens, and the environment - broadly encompassing the chemical, biological, physical, and social surroundings - can lead to a more complete picture of where and how infectious diseases emerge, how they spread, and how to respond to outbreaks.\nThe virtual workshop Pivotal Interfaces of Environmental Health and Infectious Disease Research to Inform Responses to Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics was held on June 8-9, 2021. This workshop provided a venue for experts in infectious diseases, environmental health, and data science from government, academia, and the private sector to examine current knowledge about the environment-infectious disease interface and to explore how this knowledge can be used to inform public health decisions. Key workshop topics included how advances in environmental exposure assessments can be applied to identify, predict, and monitor critical infectious disease exposure pathways, and how climate and environmental modeling techniques can be applied to better understand the biology and transmission dynamics of pathogens and provide early warning of emerging threats. In addition, workshop sessions explored critical data gaps at the environment-infectious disease interface and provided insight on how new and emerging techniques can be applied to address those data gaps, especially through the integration of tools used in environmental health and infectious disease research. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26270/pivotal-interfaces-of-environmental-health-and-infectious-disease-research-to-inform-responses-to-outbreaks-epidemics-and-pandemics", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }