%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Hedges, Larry %E Chiu, Melissa %E Stone, Celeste %E Chaney, Bradford %E Kirkendall, Nancy %T A Vision and Roadmap for Education Statistics %@ 978-0-309-27350-3 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26392/a-vision-and-roadmap-for-education-statistics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26392/a-vision-and-roadmap-for-education-statistics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Education %P 232 %X The education landscape in the United States has been changing rapidly in recent decades: student populations have become more diverse; there has been an explosion of data sources; there is an intensified focus on diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility; educators and policy makers at all levels want more and better data for evidence-based decision making; and the role of technology in education has increased dramatically. With awareness of this changed landscape the Institute of Education Sciences at the U.S. Department of Education asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide a vision for the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)—the nation's premier statistical agency for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating statistics at all levels of education. A Vision and Roadmap for Education Statistics (2022) reviews developments in using alternative data sources, considers recent trends and future priorities, and suggests changes to NCES's programs and operations, with a focus on NCES's statistical programs. The report reimagines NCES as a leader in the 21st century education data ecosystem, where it can meet the growing demands for policy-relevant statistical analyses and data to more effectively and efficiently achieve its mission, especially in light of the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 and the 2021 Presidential Executive Order on advancing racial equity. The report provides strategic advice for NCES in all aspects of the agency's work including modernization, stakeholder engagement, and the resources necessary to complete its mission and meet the current and future challenges in education. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Endangered and Threatened Species of the Platte River %@ 978-0-309-09230-2 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10978/endangered-and-threatened-species-of-the-platte-river %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10978/endangered-and-threatened-species-of-the-platte-river %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 336 %X The tension between wildlife protection under the Endangered Species Act and water management in the Platte River Basin has existed for more than 25 years. The Platte River provides important habitat for migratory and breeding birds, including three endangered or threatened species: the whooping crane, the northern Great Plains population of the piping plover, and the interior least tern. The leading factors attributed to the decline of the cranes are historical overhunting and widespread habitat destruction and, for the plovers and terns, human interference during nesting and the loss of riverine nesting sites in open sandy areas that have been replaced with woodlands, sand and gravel mines, housing, and roadways. Extensive damming has disrupted passage of the endangered pallid sturgeon and resulted in less suitable habitat conditions such as cooler stream flows, less turbid waters, and inconsistent flow regimes. Commercial harvesting, now illegal, also contributed to the decline of the sturgeon. Endangered and Threatened Species of the Platte River addresses the habitat requirements for these federally protected species. The book further examines the scientific aspects of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s instream-flow recommendations and habitat suitability guidelines and assesses the science concerning the connections among the physical systems of the river as they relate to species’ habitats. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Environmental Data Management at NOAA: Archiving, Stewardship, and Access %@ 978-0-309-11209-3 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12017/environmental-data-management-at-noaa-archiving-stewardship-and-access %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12017/environmental-data-management-at-noaa-archiving-stewardship-and-access %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 130 %X The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) collects, manages, and disseminates a wide range of climate, weather, ecosystem and other environmental data that are used by scientists, engineers, resource managers, policy makers, and others in the United States and around the world. The increasing volume and diversity of NOAA's data holdings - which include everything from satellite images of clouds to the stomach contents of fish - and a large number of users present NOAA with substantial data management challenges. NOAA asked the National Research Council to help identify the observations, model output, and other environmental information that must be preserved in perpetuity and made readily accessible, as opposed to data with more limited storage lifetime and accessibility requirements. This report offers nine general principles for effective environmental data management, along with a number of more specific guidelines and examples that explain and illustrate how these principles could be applied at NOAA. %0 Book %T Working Papers Prepared as Background for Testing for Effects of Chemicals on Ecosystems %D 1981 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19667/working-papers-prepared-as-background-for-testing-for-effects-of-chemicals-on-ecosystems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19667/working-papers-prepared-as-background-for-testing-for-effects-of-chemicals-on-ecosystems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Earth Sciences %P 265 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Lam, Mariam %E Falcon, Ashley %E Merhill, Nicole %E Spear, Kaitlin %T Approaches to the Evaluation of Sexual Harassment Prevention and Response Efforts %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27267/approaches-to-the-evaluation-of-sexual-harassment-prevention-and-response-efforts %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27267/approaches-to-the-evaluation-of-sexual-harassment-prevention-and-response-efforts %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 45 %X Evaluation, an important component of all research, is critical to integrate into interventions addressing sexual harassment, because the targets of such harassment can suffer serious consequences, including physical and emotional harm, lost educational opportunities, and negative effects on their career. Not only are the consequences potentially severe, but the problem is pervasive across all levels of academia. Studies show that 20–50 percent of undergraduate and graduate students experience sexual harassment from faculty or staff, as well as nearly 50 percent of women faculty and staff in academia. Moreover, despite efforts in recent decades to prevent and respond effectively to sexual harassment, it remains a significant issue with no clear decline in incidence rates. This paper offers insight into selecting the appropriate methods for evaluating interventions based on evidence, case studies, and the perspectives and experiences of the authors. The goal of the paper is to provide interested parties in higher education with an introduction to methods and approaches to evaluating interventions designed to prevent and respond to sexual harassment in their institutions. This individually-authored issue paper was created by members of the Evaluation Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education to explore the challenges and research areas related to the evaluation of a wide range of efforts to address sexual harassment, which they present in this document. The Action Collaborative on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine brings together academic and research institutions and key stakeholders to work toward targeted, collective action on addressing and preventing sexual harassment across all disciplines and among all people in higher education. The Action Collaborative includes four working groups (Prevention, Response, Remediation, and Evaluation) that identify topics in need of research, gather information, and publish resources for the higher education community. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Kendall, Steven %E Lobuglio, Dominic %T Location Data in the Context of Public Health, Research, and Law Enforcement: An Exploration of Governance Frameworks: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26645/location-data-in-the-context-of-public-health-research-and-law-enforcement-an-exploration-of-governance-frameworks %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26645/location-data-in-the-context-of-public-health-research-and-law-enforcement-an-exploration-of-governance-frameworks %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 12 %X On June 8-9, 2022, an ad hoc planning committee under the auspices of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Committee on Science, Technology, and Law hosted a workshop, Location Data in the Context of Public Health, Research, and Law Enforcement: An Exploration of Governance Frameworks. The workshop examined the collection, interpretation, and use of location data by government, academia, and industry. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Batista, Anna %E Crossett, Joe %E Grant, Michael %E Zgoda, Beth %E Twaddell, Hannah %T Managing Performance to Enhance Decision-Making: Making Targets Matter %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26600/managing-performance-to-enhance-decision-making-making-targets-matter %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26600/managing-performance-to-enhance-decision-making-making-targets-matter %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 86 %X When targets matter, they drive transportation agency decisions and actions.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 993: Managing Performance to Enhance Decision-Making: Making Targets Matter offers a set of feedback enrichment strategies illustrated by case studies of how agencies are effectively incorporating people- and data-based feedback into decision-making on transportation issues ranging from long-term strategy development to medium-term program development to day-to-day operations.Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 317: Developing a Guide for Managing Performance to Enhance Decision-Making, an Implementation Plan, a presentation, and four videos. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Opportunities from the Integration of Simulation Science and Data Science: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-48189-2 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25199/opportunities-from-the-integration-of-simulation-science-and-data-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25199/opportunities-from-the-integration-of-simulation-science-and-data-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 48 %X Convergence has been a key topic of discussion about the future of cyberinfrastructure for science and engineering research. Convergence refers both to the combined use of simulation and data-centric techniques in science and engineering research and the possibilities for a single type of cyberinfrastructure to support both techniques. The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine convened a Workshop on Converging Simulation and Data-Driven Science on May 10, 2018, in Washington, D.C. The workshop featured speakers from universities, national laboratories, technology companies, and federal agencies who addressed the potential benefits and limitations of convergence as they relate to scientific needs, technological capabilities, funding structures, and system design requirements. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Toward a New Era of Data Sharing: Summary of the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27520/toward-a-new-era-of-data-sharing-summary-of-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27520/toward-a-new-era-of-data-sharing-summary-of-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 56 %X Data are at the forefront of efforts to solve many of today's greatest problems, including climate change, misinformation and disinformation, the threat of future global pandemics, and the quest by people everywhere to lead better lives. But if researchers are going to use data to contribute to the solutions of problems, data need to be available for them to use. Over time, data have become increasingly voluminous, complex, and heterogeneous. Massive volumes of data are being generated by new devices and methods, and many of these data are not easy to analyze, interpret, or share. Groups that generate data may be reluctant to share them for a variety of professional, personal, financial, regulatory, and statutory reasons.These issues were addressed during the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data held in Washington, DC, on September 12–13, 2023. Organized by the National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society, the forum examined the constellation of issues surrounding researchers' access to data, best practices and lessons learned from exemplary research disciplines, and new ideas and techniques that could drive research forward. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the forum. %0 Book %A National Academy of Medicine %E Greene, Sarah M. %E Ahmed, Mahnoor %E Chua, Peak Sen %E Grossmann, Claudia %T Sharing Health Data: The Why, the Will, and the Way Forward %@ 978-0-309-70497-7 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27107/sharing-health-data-the-why-the-will-and-the-way %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27107/sharing-health-data-the-why-the-will-and-the-way %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Computers and Information Technology %P 136 %X Sharing health data and information across stakeholder groups is the bedrock of a learning health system. As data and information are increasingly combined across various sources, their generative value to transform health, health care, and health equity increases significantly. Health data have proven their centrality in guiding action to change the course of individual and population health, if properly stewarded and used. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, both data and a lack of data illuminated profound shortcomings that affected health care and health equity. Yet, a silver lining of the pandemic was a surge in collaboration among data holders in public health, health care, and technology firms, suggesting that an evolution in health data sharing is visible and tangible. This Special Publication features some of these novel data-sharing collaborations, and has been developed to provide practical context and implementation guidance that is critical to advancing the lessons learned identified in its parent NAM Special Publication, Health Data Sharing: Building a Foundation of Stakeholder Trust. The focus of this publication is to identify and describe exemplar groups to dispel the myth that sharing health data more broadly is impossible and illuminate the innovative approaches that are being taken to make progress in the current environment. It also serves as a resource for those waiting in the wings, showing how barriers were addressed and harvesting lessons and insights from those on the front lines. In the meantime, knowledge is already available to foster better health care and health outcomes. The examples described in this volume suggest how intentional attention to health data sharing can enable unparalleled advances, securing a healthier and more equitable future for all. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T International Coordination for Science Data Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25015/international-coordination-for-science-data-infrastructure-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25015/international-coordination-for-science-data-infrastructure-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 8 %X Advances in science and technology have led to the creation of large amounts of data—data that could be harnessed to improve productivity, cure disease, and address many other critical issues. Consensus in the scientific community is growing that the transition to truly data-driven and open science is best achieved by the establishment of a globally interoperable research infrastructure. A number of projects are looking to establish this infrastructure and exploit data to its fullest potential. Several projects in the United States, Europe, and China have made significant strides toward this effort. The goal of these projects is to make research data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable, or FAIR. The expected impact and benefits of FAIR data are substantial. To realize these benefits, there is a need to examine critical success factors for implementation, including training of a new generation of data experts to provide the necessary capacity. On November 1, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a symposium to explore these issues. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the symposium. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Inc., Kathryn Coffel, Jamie Parks, Conor Semler, Paul Ryus, Kittelson & Associations %E Sampson, AECOM David %E LLC, Carol Kachadoorian, Toole Design Group %E Levinson, Joseph L. Schofer Herbert S. %T The Transit Analyst Toolbox: Analysis and Approaches for Reporting, Communicating, and Examining Transit Data %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26138/the-transit-analyst-toolbox-analysis-and-approaches-for-reporting-communicating-and-examining-transit-data %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26138/the-transit-analyst-toolbox-analysis-and-approaches-for-reporting-communicating-and-examining-transit-data %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 96 %X Today, transit agencies gather and manage more data than ever. However, data processing, exploration, the development of performance metrics, and communicating decisions are often fragmented and scattered across many departments.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Synthesis 153: The Transit Analyst Toolbox: Analysis and Approaches for Reporting, Communicating, and Examining Transit Data will assist transit agencies that want to develop and/or adopt a data-driven culture.The survey results are provided in detail in Appendix B, which is a separate file. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Building Data Capacity for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research: Interim Report 3 - A Comprehensive Ecosystem for PCOR %@ 978-0-309-27370-1 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26396/building-data-capacity-for-patient-centered-outcomes-research-interim-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26396/building-data-capacity-for-patient-centered-outcomes-research-interim-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Computers and Information Technology %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 96 %X The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE), in partnership with other agencies and divisions of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, coordinates a portfolio of projects that build data capacity for conducting patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR). PCOR focuses on producing scientific evidence on the effectiveness of prevention and treatment options to inform the health care decisions of patients, families, and health care providers, taking into consideration the preferences, values, and questions patients face when making health care choices. ASPE asked the National Academies to appoint a consensus study committee to identify issues critical to the continued development of the data infrastructure for PCOR. The committee's work will contribute to ASPE's development of a strategic plan that will guide their work related to PCOR data capacity over the next decade. As part of its information gathering activities, the committee organized three workshops to collect input from stakeholders on the PCOR data infrastructure. This report, the third in a series of three interim reports, summarizes the discussion and committee conclusions from the third workshop, which focused on ways of enhancing collaborations, data linkages, and the interoperability of electronic databases to make the PCOR data infrastructure more useful in the years ahead. Participants in the workshop included researchers and policy experts working in these areas. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Inc., Donald R. Zoufal, CrowZ Nest Consulting %E Cusson, Del Ray Solutions LLC Sean %E Ret.), Circ. Ct. of Cook County Diane J. Larsen ( %E Person, LLC Von Oxon Tobias %E Hantman, E. Austin Maliszewski Daniel %T Legal Implications of Data Collection at Airports %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26207/legal-implications-of-data-collection-at-airports %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26207/legal-implications-of-data-collection-at-airports %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 80 %X As technology evolves, airports and their partners collect more data from passengers, employees, tenants, concessionaires, airlines, and others. This data is used in many ways, including for facility management, security, ground transportation, marketing, understanding passenger preferences, and enhancing the travel experience.The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Legal Research Digest 42: Legal Implications of Data Collection at Airports provides a survey of applicable law; considerations for the collection and safekeeping of data; and a review of the issues that arise related to data collection among airports, their tenants, and other users. It also offers an understanding of the expansion in law around data collection and use. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %E Mantus, Ellen %T Data Science: Opportunities to Transform Chemical Sciences and Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25191/data-science-opportunities-to-transform-chemical-sciences-and-engineering-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25191/data-science-opportunities-to-transform-chemical-sciences-and-engineering-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 12 %X New technologies and approaches are generating large, diverse data sets, and data science offers the tools that are needed to interrogate, analyze, and manage these data sets. Biology, material sciences, and other fields have embraced data science tools and used them to gain insights into, for example, gene–environment interactions, molecular mechanisms of disease, and implications of material characteristics on performance. Chemical sciences and engineering have also used data science tools to, for example, monitor and control chemical processes, predict activity depending on chemical structures or properties, and inform business and research decisions. However, data science applications in the chemical sciences and engineering community have been relatively limited, and many opportunities for advancing the fields have gone unexplored. Accordingly, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to explore opportunities to use data science to transform chemical sciences and engineering on February 27–28, 2018, in Washington, DC. Stakeholders from academia, government, and industry convened to discuss the challenges and opportunities to integrate data science into chemical sciences and engineering practice and data science training for the future chemical sciences and engineering workforce. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Nhon, Linda %T Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26539/innovations-in-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-on-the-horizon-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26539/innovations-in-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-on-the-horizon-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 12 %X Emerging technologies have the potential to modernize pharmaceutical manufacturing and advance the quality of drug products. A 2021 report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies) identified these innovative technologies, including manufacturing processes, control and testing strategies, and product technologies. The report, Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon: Technical Challenges, Regulatory Issues, and Recommendations, also discussed technical and regulatory challenges to implementing these technologies and provided suggestions for overcoming some of those issues. A virtual dissemination workshop titled Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon was hosted by the National Academies on October 28-29, 2021, and provided a venue for discussing the 2021 National Academies report's recommendations and a platform for members of the report committee to reflect on the study. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the dissemination workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Arrison, Thomas %E Carrero-Martinez, Franklin %E Saunders, Jennifer %E Kameyama, Emi %T Data-Informed Societies Achieving Sustainability: Tasks for the Global Scientific, Engineering, and Medical Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26513/data-informed-societies-achieving-sustainability-tasks-for-the-global-scientific-engineering-and-medical-communities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26513/data-informed-societies-achieving-sustainability-tasks-for-the-global-scientific-engineering-and-medical-communities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 13 %X The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted in 2015 by all United Nations Member States, offers a "shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future." The Agenda outlines 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which address a range of global challenges, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation, among others. Advances in technology and the proliferation of data are providing new opportunities for monitoring and tracking the progress of the SDGs. Yet, with these advances come significant challenges, such as a lack infrastructure, knowledge, and capacity to support big data. To further examine how the global scientific, engineering, and medical communities can better facilitate the effective use of data to advance sustainability in the context of the SDGs, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Board on Research Data and Information and the Science and Technology for Sustainability Program convened a virtual public workshop on September 9-10, 2021. The workshop examined current efforts and initiatives to harness data and data-driven services to advance sustainability around the world. Workshop discussions also explored crosscutting issues, including strengthening the engagement of scientific, engineering, and medical communities on data-related issues, addressing disparities in the ability of societies to utilize data, and lessons learned from global experience with the COVID-19 pandemic. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %T Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26922/opportunities-and-challenges-for-digital-twins-in-biomedical-research-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26922/opportunities-and-challenges-for-digital-twins-in-biomedical-research-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Health and Medicine %K Engineering and Technology %P 13 %X The digital twin (DT) is an emerging technology that builds on the convergence of computer science, mathematics, engineering, and the life sciences. Given the multiscale nature of biological structures and their environment, biomedical DTs can represent molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems, patients, and populations and can include aspects from across the modeling and simulation ecosystem. DTs have the potential advance biomedical research with applications for personalized medicine, pharmaceutical development, and clinical trials. On January 30, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop to discuss the definitions and taxonomy of DTs within the biomedical field, current methods and promising practices for DT development and use as various levels of complexity, key technical challenges and opportunities in the near and long term for DT development and use, and opportunities for translation of promising practices from other field and domains. Workshop panelists highlighted key challenges and opportunities for medical DTs at varying scales, including the varied visions and challenges for DTs, the trade-offs between embracing or simplifying complexity in DTs, the unique spatial and temporal considerations that arise, the diversity of models and data being used in DTs, the challenges with connecting data and models across scales, and implementation issues surrounding data privacy in DTs. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Nicholson, Anna %E Singaravelu, Shalini %E Brown, Lisa %T Expanding Delivery and Increasing Uptake of Medical Countermeasures Through Public–Private Partnerships: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27594/expanding-delivery-and-increasing-uptake-of-medical-countermeasures-through-public-private-partnerships %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27594/expanding-delivery-and-increasing-uptake-of-medical-countermeasures-through-public-private-partnerships %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Necessary DoD Range Capabilities to Ensure Operational Superiority of U.S. Defense Systems: Testing for the Future Fight %@ 978-0-309-49857-9 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26181/necessary-dod-range-capabilities-to-ensure-operational-superiority-of-us-defense-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26181/necessary-dod-range-capabilities-to-ensure-operational-superiority-of-us-defense-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 150 %X Rigorous operational testing (OT) of weapon systems procured by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is fundamental to ensuring that these sophisticated systems not only meet their stated requirements, but also perform under realistic operational conditions when faced by determined adversaries employing their own highly capable offensive and defensive weaponry. DoD's test and training range enterprise provides the geography, infrastructure, technology, expertise, processes, and management that make safe, secure, and comprehensive OT possible. The challenges facing the nation's range infrastructure are both increasing and accelerating. Limited test capacity in physical resources and workforce, the age of test infrastructure, the capability to test advanced technologies, and encroachment impact the ability to inform system performance, integrated system performance and the overall pace of testing. Necessary DoD Range Capabilities to Ensure Operational Superiority of U.S. Defense Systems assesses the physical and technical suitability of DoD test and evaluation ranges, infrastructure, and tools for determining the operational effectiveness, suitability, survivability, and lethality of military systems. This report explores modernization, sustainment, operations, and resource challenges for test and evaluation ranges, and makes recommendations to put the DoD range enterprise on a modernization trajectory to meet the needs of OT in the years ahead.