TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Drilling and Excavation Technologies for the Future SN - DO - 10.17226/2349 PY - 1994 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2349/drilling-and-excavation-technologies-for-the-future PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Drilling is a critical component in many segments of U.S. industry such as resource recovery (e.g., oil, gas, mining), civil infrastructure systems (e.g., sewers, highway tunnels, subways), environmental remediation, and for scientific purposes. Research undertaken for new and improved drilling systems and processes can have an enormous impact on U.S. productivity. This book provides an examination of the technical and scientific feasibility of substantial advances in drilling and related technologies. Concepts for new mechanical and non-mechanical drilling applications—including advances in knowledge of the tool-rock interaction—are reviewed, research opportunities are identified, and recommendations are made on the scope and direction needed to realize these opportunities for improved methods of drilling. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Transit Design, Construction, and Operations in the Mediterranean Region DO - 10.17226/23361 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23361/transit-design-construction-and-operations-in-the-mediterranean-region PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Results Digest 66: Transit Design, Construction, and Operations in the Mediterranean Region provides an overview of an international transit studies mission that investigated transit design, construction, and operation in Athens, Greece, and in Naples, Rome, and Milan, Italy. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Rapid excavation: significance, needs, opportunities. DO - 10.17226/26761 PY - 1968 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26761/rapid-excavation-significance-needs-opportunities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Sedimentation Control to Reduce Maintenance Dredging of Navigational Facilities in Estuaries: Report and Symposium Proceedings SN - DO - 10.17226/1023 PY - 1987 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1023/sedimentation-control-to-reduce-maintenance-dredging-of-navigational-facilities-in-estuaries PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A Process for Setting, Managing, and Monitoring Environmental Windows for Dredging Projects: Special Report 262 DO - 10.17226/11367 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11367/a-process-for-setting-managing-and-monitoring-environmental-windows-for-dredging-projects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Earth Sciences AB - TRB Special Report 262: A Process for Setting, Managing, and Monitoring Environmental Windows for Dredging Projects concludes that scientific information about risks to resources and technical options for reducing those risks was not being systematically incorporated into the dredging process. The process itself is complex and time-consuming because of the numerous federal and state agencies and interest groups involved. The committee recommended use of a broad-based decisionmaking process designed to engage stakeholders more effectively and to improve the scientific and technical basis for the decisions made. Environmental windows are periods in which regulators have determined that the adverse impacts associated with dredging of waterways and disposal of the dredged materials can be reduced below critical thresholds, and dredging is therefore permitted. Conversely, seasonal restrictions are applied—dredging and disposal activities are prohibited —when the perceived increase in potential harm to aquatic resources is above critical thresholds. Since passage of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, resource agencies have requested environmental restrictions on dredging with increasing frequency. Today, more than 80 percent of federal contract dredging is subject to some type of restriction. At the request of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TRB and the National Academies' Ocean Studies Board convened a committee to address concerns about the decision-making process for setting environmental windows. Windows are intuitively simple means of reducing risk to biological resources from stressors generated during dredging and disposal activities, including entrainment of fish eggs and larvae, resuspension of contaminated sediments, habitat loss, and collisions with marine animals. The use of windows as a management tool, however, can have significant cost implications for both the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the local sponsors of dredging projects, delay project deadlines, and increase risk to dredging personnel by shifting projects to periods of potentially inclement weather and sea states.Special Report 262 Summary ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities: Restoring NASA's Technological Edge and Paving the Way for a New Era in Space SN - DO - 10.17226/13354 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13354/nasa-space-technology-roadmaps-and-priorities-restoring-nasas-technological-edge PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - NASA's Office of the Chief Technologist (OCT) has begun to rebuild the advanced space technology program in the agency with plans laid out in 14 draft technology roadmaps. It has been years since NASA has had a vigorous, broad-based program in advanced space technology development and its technology base has been largely depleted. However, success in executing future NASA space missions will depend on advanced technology developments that should already be underway. Reaching out to involve the external technical community, the National Research Council (NRC) considered the 14 draft technology roadmaps prepared by OCT and ranked the top technical challenges and highest priority technologies that NASA should emphasize in the next 5 years. This report provides specific guidance and recommendations on how the effectiveness of the technology development program managed by OCT can be enhanced in the face of scarce resources. ER - TY - BOOK TI - An Assessment of Techniques for Removing Offshore Structures DO - 10.17226/9072 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9072/an-assessment-of-techniques-for-removing-offshore-structures PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Douglas A. Gransberg TI - Impact of Airport Rubber Removal Techniques on Runways DO - 10.17226/2221 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2221/impact-of-airport-rubber-removal-techniques-on-runways PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 11: Impact of Airport Rubber Removal Techniques on Runways explores the impacts of four common rubber removal methods on runways--waterblasting, chemical removal, shotblasting, and mechanical means (including sand blasting, scraping, brooming, milling, and grinding). ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Underground Engineering for Sustainable Urban Development SN - DO - 10.17226/14670 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14670/underground-engineering-for-sustainable-urban-development PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - For thousands of years, the underground has provided humans refuge, useful resources, physical support for surface structures, and a place for spiritual or artistic expression. More recently, many urban services have been placed underground. Over this time, humans have rarely considered how underground space can contribute to or be engineered to maximize its contribution to the sustainability of society. As human activities begin to change the planet and population struggle to maintain satisfactory standards of living, placing new infrastructure and related facilities underground may be the most successful way to encourage or support the redirection of urban development into sustainable patterns. Well maintained, resilient, and adequately performing underground infrastructure, therefore, becomes an essential part of sustainability, but much remains to be learned about improving the sustainability of underground infrastructure itself. At the request of the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Research Council (NRC) conducted a study to consider sustainable underground development in the urban environment, to identify research needed to maximize opportunities for using underground space, and to enhance understanding among the public and technical communities of the role of underground engineering in urban sustainability. Underground Engineering for Sustainable Urban Development explains the findings of researchers and practitioners with expertise in geotechnical engineering, underground design and construction, trenchless technologies, risk assessment, visualization techniques for geotechnical applications, sustainable infrastructure development, life cycle assessment, infrastructure policy and planning, and fire prevention, safety and ventilation in the underground. This report is intended to inform a future research track and will be of interest to a broad audience including those in the private and public sectors engaged in urban and facility planning and design, underground construction, and safety and security. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Flange Climb Derailment Criteria and Wheel/Rail Profile Management and Maintenance Guidelines for Transit Operations DO - 10.17226/13841 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13841/flange-climb-derailment-criteria-and-wheelrail-profile-management-and-maintenance-guidelines-for-transit-operations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 71, Track-Related Research, Vol. 5: Flange Climb Derailment Criteria and Wheel/Rail Profile Management and Maintenance Guidelines for Transit Operations examines flange climb derailment criteria for transit vehicles that include lateral-to-vertical ratio limits and a corresponding flange-climb-distance limit. The report also includes guidance to transit agencies on wheel and rail maintenance practices. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Problems and Opportunities in the Design of Entrances to Ports and Harbors: Proceedings of a Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/745 PY - 1981 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/745/problems-and-opportunities-in-the-design-of-entrances-to-ports-and-harbors PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology ER - TY - BOOK TI - Beach Nourishment and Protection SN - DO - 10.17226/4984 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4984/beach-nourishment-and-protection PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Many coastal communities have built structures at their beaches and added quantities of sand in contoured designs to combat erosion. Are such beach nourishment projects technically and economically sound? Or are they nothing more than building sand castles, as critics claim? Beach Nourishment and Protection provides a sound technical basis for decision-making, with recommendations regarding the utility of beach nourishment, the appropriate role of federal agencies, responsibility for cost, design methodology, and other issues. This volume: Examines the economic and social role of beaches, the history of beach nourishment projects, and management strategies for shore protection. Discusses the role of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and other federal agencies, with a close-up look at the federal flood insurance program. Explores the state of the art in project design and prediction of outcomes, including the controversy over the use of traditional and nontraditional shore protection devices. Addresses what is known about the environmental impacts of beach nourishment. Identifies what outcomes should be targeted for continued monitoring by project officials. Beach Nourishment and Protection provides insight into the technical, economic, environmental, and policy implications of beach nourishment and protection, with examples and suggested research directions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Sediment Dredging at Superfund Megasites: Assessing the Effectiveness SN - DO - 10.17226/11968 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11968/sediment-dredging-at-superfund-megasites-assessing-the-effectiveness PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Earth Sciences AB - Some of the nation's estuaries, lakes and other water bodies contain contaminated sediments that can adversely affect fish and wildlife and may then find their way into people's diets. Dredging is one of the few options available for attempting to clean up contaminated sediments, but it can uncover and re-suspend buried contaminants, creating additional exposures for wildlife and people. At the request of Congress, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to evaluate dredging as a cleanup technique. The book finds that, based on a review of available evidence, dredging's ability to decrease environmental and health risks is still an open question. Analysis of pre-dredging and post-dredging at about 20 sites found a wide range of outcomes in terms of surface sediment concentrations of contaminants: some sites showed increases, some no change, and some decreases in concentrations. Evaluating the potential long-term benefits of dredging will require that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency step up monitoring activities before, during and after individual cleanups to determine whether it is working there and what combinations of techniques are most effective. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - HNTB Corporation TI - Innovative Bridge Designs for Rapid Renewal DO - 10.17226/22727 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22727/innovative-bridge-designs-for-rapid-renewal PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-R04-RR-1: Innovative Bridge Designs for Rapid Renewal documents the development of standardized approaches to designing and constructing complete bridge systems for rapid renewal.The report also describes a demonstration project on US-6 over Keg Creek near Council Bluffs, Iowa, that was completed in 2011 using the accelerated bridge construction standards developed as part of Renewal Project R04.The following three videos were also produced related to the Keg Creek project:• ABC for Everyday Bridges (18:39) highlights the specific techniques used to deliver a new bridge with only a 10-day closure.• One Design—10,000 Bridges (9:46) describes a tool kit for designing and constructing bridges that brings home the benefits of accelerated bridge construction techniques so local contractors can use typical equipment to build bridges quickly and efficiently.• Time-Lapse Video (1:30) shows accelerated bridge construction techniques being used by a local contractor with standard equipment to replace the Keg Creek three-span bridge.SHRP 2 Renewal Project R04 also developed an Innovative Designs for Rapid Renewal: ABC Toolkit that describes standardized approaches to designing and constructing complete bridge systems for rapid renewals, as well as a case study on the accelerated bridge construction techniques used in the I-84 bridge project in New York. In addition, the project developed a half- and full-day presentations to help facilitate training on the accelerated bridge process to interested parties. In June 2013, SHRP 2 released a Project Brief on Renewal Project R04.​Software Disclaimer: This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Coal Waste Impoundments: Risks, Responses, and Alternatives SN - DO - 10.17226/10212 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10212/coal-waste-impoundments-risks-responses-and-alternatives PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - On October 11, 2000, a breakthrough of Martin County Coal Corporation’s coal waste impoundment released 250 million gallons of slurry in near Inez, Kentucky. The 72-acre surface impoundment for coal processing waste materials broke through into a nearby underground coal mine. Although the spill caused no loss of human life, environmental damage was significant, and local water supplies were disrupted. This incident prompted Congress to request the National Research Council to examine ways to reduce the potential for similar accidents in the future. This book covers the engineering practices and standards for coal waste impoundments and ways to evaluate, improve, and monitor them; the accuracy of mine maps and ways to improve surveying and mapping of mines; and alternative technologies for coal slurry disposal and utilization. The book contains advice for multiple audiences, including the Mine Safety and Health Administration, the Office of Surface Mining, and other federal agencies; state and local policymakers and regulators; the coal industry and its consultants; and scientists and engineers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Monitoring and Sampling Approaches to Assess Underground Coal Mine Dust Exposures SN - DO - 10.17226/25111 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25111/monitoring-and-sampling-approaches-to-assess-underground-coal-mine-dust-exposures PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Coal remains one of the principal sources of energy for the United States, and the nation has been a world leader in coal production for more than 100 years. According to U.S. Energy Information Administration projections to 2050, coal is expected to be an important energy resource for the United States. Additionally, metallurgical coal used in steel production remains an important national commodity. However, coal production, like all other conventional mining activities, creates dust in the workplace. Respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) comprises the size fraction of airborne particles in underground mines that can be inhaled by miners and deposited in the distal airways and gas-exchange region of the lung. Occupational exposure to RCMD has long been associated with lung diseases common to the coal mining industry, including coal workers' pneumoconiosis, also known as "black lung disease." Monitoring and Sampling Approaches to Assess Underground Coal Mine Dust Exposures compares the monitoring technologies and sampling protocols currently used or required by the United States, and in similarly industrialized countries for the control of RCMD exposure in underground coal mines. This report assesses the effects of rock dust mixtures and their application on RCMD measurements, and the efficacy of current monitoring technologies and sampling approaches. It also offers science-based conclusions regarding optimal monitoring and sampling strategies to aid mine operators' decision making related to reducing RCMD exposure to miners in underground coal mines. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Contaminated Sediments in Ports and Waterways: Cleanup Strategies and Technologies SN - DO - 10.17226/5292 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5292/contaminated-sediments-in-ports-and-waterways-cleanup-strategies-and-technologies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Earth Sciences AB - Contaminated marine sediments threaten ecosystems, marine resources, and human health. They can have major economic impacts when controversies over risks and costs of sediment management interfere with needs to dredge major ports. Contaminated Sediments in Ports and Waterways examines management and technology issues and provides guidance that will help officials make timely decisions and use technologies effectively. The book includes recommendations with a view toward improving decision making, developing cost-effective technologies, and promoting the successful completion of cleanup projects. The volume assesses the state of practice and research and development status of both short-term and longer-term remediation methods. The committee provides a conceptual overview for risk-based contaminated sediment management that can be used to develop plans that address complex technological, political, and legal issues and the interests of various stakeholders. The book emphasizes the need for proper assessment of conditions at sediment sites and adequate control of contamination sources. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Glenn J. Rix A2 - Njoroge Wainaina A2 - Ali Ebrahimi A2 - Robert C. Bachus A2 - Maria Limas A2 - Rodolfo Sancio A2 - Brooke Fait A2 - Paul W. Mayne TI - Manual on Subsurface Investigations DO - 10.17226/25379 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25379/manual-on-subsurface-investigations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 258: Manual on Subsurface Investigations provides an update to the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) 1988 manual of the same name. This report reflects the changes in the approaches and methods used for geotechnical site characterization that the geotechnical community has developed and adopted in the past thirty years. The updated manual provides information and guidelines for planning and executing a geotechnical site investigation program. It may also be used to develop a ground model for planning, design, construction, and asset management phases of a project. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Xinggao Shu TI - Wheel Profile Maintenance Guidelines DO - 10.17226/22168 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22168/wheel-profile-maintenance-guidelines PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document 65: Wheel Profile Maintenance Guidelines examines current wheel profiles and maintenance practices, design and maintenance guidelines for rail transit operation, and the development of new wheel profiles for the Port Authority Trans-Hudson. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Contaminated Marine Sediments: Assessment and Remediation SN - DO - 10.17226/1412 PY - 1989 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1412/contaminated-marine-sediments-assessment-and-remediation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - The pervasive, widespread problem of contaminated marine sediments is an environmental issue of national importance, arising from decades of intentionally and unintentionally using coastal waters for waste disposal. This book examines the extent and significance of the problem, reviews clean-up and remediation technologies, assesses alternative management strategies, identifies research and development needs, and presents the committee's major findings and recommendations. Five case studies examine different ways in which a variety of sediment contamination problems are being handled. ER -