%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Monitoring and Sampling Approaches to Assess Underground Coal Mine Dust Exposures %@ 978-0-309-47601-0 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25111/monitoring-and-sampling-approaches-to-assess-underground-coal-mine-dust-exposures %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25111/monitoring-and-sampling-approaches-to-assess-underground-coal-mine-dust-exposures %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 168 %X Coal remains one of the principal sources of energy for the United States, and the nation has been a world leader in coal production for more than 100 years. According to U.S. Energy Information Administration projections to 2050, coal is expected to be an important energy resource for the United States. Additionally, metallurgical coal used in steel production remains an important national commodity. However, coal production, like all other conventional mining activities, creates dust in the workplace. Respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) comprises the size fraction of airborne particles in underground mines that can be inhaled by miners and deposited in the distal airways and gas-exchange region of the lung. Occupational exposure to RCMD has long been associated with lung diseases common to the coal mining industry, including coal workers' pneumoconiosis, also known as "black lung disease." Monitoring and Sampling Approaches to Assess Underground Coal Mine Dust Exposures compares the monitoring technologies and sampling protocols currently used or required by the United States, and in similarly industrialized countries for the control of RCMD exposure in underground coal mines. This report assesses the effects of rock dust mixtures and their application on RCMD measurements, and the efficacy of current monitoring technologies and sampling approaches. It also offers science-based conclusions regarding optimal monitoring and sampling strategies to aid mine operators' decision making related to reducing RCMD exposure to miners in underground coal mines. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities %@ 978-0-309-09732-1 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11431/monitoring-at-chemical-agent-disposal-facilities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11431/monitoring-at-chemical-agent-disposal-facilities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 104 %X Under the direction of the U.S. Army’s Chemical Materials Agency (CMA) and mandated by Congress, the nation is destroying its chemical weapons stockpile. Over the past several years, the Army has requested several studies from the NRC to assist with the stockpile destruction. This study was requested to advise the CMA about the status of analytical instrumentation technology and systems suitable for monitoring airborne chemical warfare agents at chemical weapons disposal and storage facilities. The report presents an assessment of current monitoring systems used for airborne agent detection at CMA facilities and of the applicability and availability of innovative new technologies. It also provides a review of how new regulatory requirements would affect the CMA’s current agent monitoring procedures, and whether new measurement technologies are available and could be effectively incorporated into the CMA’s overall chemical agent monitoring strategies. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pool, Robert %E Laney, Kara %T Exploring a Dynamic Soil Information System: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-49167-9 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26170/exploring-a-dynamic-soil-information-system-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26170/exploring-a-dynamic-soil-information-system-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 116 %X As a living substrate, soil is critical to the function of Earth's geophysical and chemical properties. Soil also plays a major role in several human activities, including farming, forestry, and environmental remediation. Optimizing those activities requires a clear understanding of different soils, their function, their composition and structure, and how they change over time and from place to place. Although the importance of soil to Earth's biogeochemical cycles and to human activities is recognized, the current systems in place for monitoring soil properties - including physical, chemical, and, biological characteristics - along with measures of soil loss through erosion, do not provide an accurate picture of changes in the soil resource over time. Such an understanding can only be developed by collecting comprehensive data about soils and the various factors that influence them in a way that can be updated regularly and made available to researchers and others who wish to understand soils and make decisions based on those data. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened key stakeholders in a workshop on March 2-4, 2021, to discuss the development of a dynamic soil information system. Workshop discussions explored possiblities to dynamically and accurately monitor soil resources nationally with the mutually supporting goals of (1) achieving a better understanding of causal influences on observed changes in soil and interactions of soil cycling of nutrients and gases with earth processes, and (2) providing accessible, useful, and actionable information to land managers and others. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of Recreational Fisheries Survey Methods %@ 978-0-309-10193-6 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11616/review-of-recreational-fisheries-survey-methods %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11616/review-of-recreational-fisheries-survey-methods %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Earth Sciences %P 202 %X Recreational fishing in the United States is an important social and economic component of many marine fisheries, with an estimated 14 million anglers making almost 82 million fishing trips in 2004. Although each individual angler typically harvests a small number of fish, collectively these sport fisheries can take a significant fraction of the yearly catch—in some cases more than commercial fisheries. For example, in 1999, recreational fishing accounted for 94% of the total catch of spotted sea trout, 76% of striped bass and sheephead, and 60 percent of king mackerel. It is important that systems used to monitor fishing catch are adequate for timely management of recreational fisheries. However, the large number of anglers and access points makes monitoring recreational fishing much more difficult than monitoring commercial fishing. This report reviews the types of survey methods used to estimate catch in recreational fisheries, including state/federal cooperative programs. The report finds that both telephone survey and onsite access components of the current monitoring systems have serious flaws in design or implementation. There are also several areas of miscommunication and mismatched criteria among designers of surveys, data collectors, and recreational fisheries. The report recommends that a comprehensive, universal sampling frame with national coverage should be established, and that improvements should be made in statistical analysis of the data collected and in the ways the data are communicated. A permanent and independent research group should be established and funded to evaluate the statistical design and adequacy of recreational fishery surveys and to guide necessary modifications or new initiatives. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Assessment of Sea-Turtle Status and Trends: Integrating Demography and Abundance %@ 978-0-309-15255-6 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12889/assessment-of-sea-turtle-status-and-trends-integrating-demography-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12889/assessment-of-sea-turtle-status-and-trends-integrating-demography-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 174 %X All six species of sea turtles found in U.S. waters are listed as endangered or threatened, but the exact population sizes of these species are unknown due to a lack of key information regarding birth and survival rates. The U.S. Endangered Species Act prohibits the hunting of sea turtles and reduces incidental losses from activities such as shrimp trawling and development on beaches used for nesting. However, current monitoring does not provide enough information on sea turtle populations to evaluate the effectiveness of these protective measures. Sea Turtle Status and Trends reviews current methods for assessing sea turtle populations and finds that although counts of sea turtles are essential, more detailed information on sea turtle biology, such as survival rates and breeding patterns, is needed to predict and understand changes in populations in order to develop successful management and conservation plans. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Urban Meteorology: Forecasting, Monitoring, and Meeting Users' Needs %@ 978-0-309-25217-1 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13328/urban-meteorology-forecasting-monitoring-and-meeting-users-needs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13328/urban-meteorology-forecasting-monitoring-and-meeting-users-needs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 190 %X According to the United Nations, three out of five people will be living in cities worldwide by the year 2030. The United States continues to experience urbanization with its vast urban corridors on the east and west coasts. Although urban weather is driven by large synoptic and meso-scale features, weather events unique to the urban environment arise from the characteristics of the typical urban setting, such as large areas covered by buildings of a variety of heights; paved streets and parking areas; means to supply electricity, natural gas, water, and raw materials; and generation of waste heat and materials. Urban Meteorology: Forecasting, Monitoring, and Meeting Users' Needs is based largely on the information provided at a Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate community workshop. This book describes the needs for end user communities, focusing in particular on needs that are not being met by current urban-level forecasting and monitoring. Urban Meteorology also describes current and emerging meteorological forecasting and monitoring capabilities that have had and will likely have the most impact on urban areas, some of which are not being utilized by the relevant end user communities. Urban Meteorology explains that users of urban meteorological information need high-quality information available in a wide variety of formats that foster its use and within time constraints set by users' decision processes. By advancing the science and technology related to urban meteorology with input from key end user communities, urban meteorologists can better meet the needs of diverse end users. To continue the advancement within the field of urban meteorology, there are both short-term needs-which might be addressed with small investments but promise large, quick returns-as well as future challenges that could require significant efforts and investments. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %T How We Travel: A Sustainable National Program for Travel Data %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13125/how-we-travel-a-sustainable-national-program-for-travel-data %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13125/how-we-travel-a-sustainable-national-program-for-travel-data %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 136 %X TRB Special Report 304: How We Travel: A Sustainable National Program for Travel Data assesses the current state of travel data at the federal, state, and local levels and defines an achievable and sustainable travel data system that could support public and private transportation decision making. The committee that developed the report recommends the organization of a National Travel Data Program built on a core of essential passenger and freight travel data sponsored at the federal level and well integrated with travel data collected by states, metropolitan planning organizations, transit and other local agencies, and the private sector. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Monitoring Metabolic Status: Predicting Decrements in Physiological and Cognitive Performance %@ 978-0-309-09159-6 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10981/monitoring-metabolic-status-predicting-decrements-in-physiological-and-cognitive-performance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10981/monitoring-metabolic-status-predicting-decrements-in-physiological-and-cognitive-performance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 468 %X The U.S. military’s concerns about the individual combat service member’s ability to avoid performance degradation, in conjunction with the need to maintain both mental and physical capabilities in highly stressful situations, have led to and interest in developing methods by which commanders can monitor the status of the combat service members in the field. This report examines appropriate biological markers, monitoring technologies currently available and in need of development, and appropriate algorithms to interpret the data obtained in order to provide information for command decisions relative to the physiological “readiness” of each combat service member. More specifically, this report also provides responses to questions posed by the military relative to monitoring the metabolic regulation during prolonged, exhaustive efforts, where nutrition/hydration and repair mechanisms may be mismatched to intakes and rest, or where specific metabolic derangements are present. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Moffitt, Robert A. %E Ploeg, Michele Ver %T Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition %@ 978-0-309-07274-8 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10020/evaluating-welfare-reform-in-an-era-of-transition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10020/evaluating-welfare-reform-in-an-era-of-transition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 267 %X Reform of welfare is one of the nation's most contentious issues, with debate often driven more by politics than by facts and careful analysis. Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition identifies the key policy questions for measuring whether our changing social welfare programs are working, reviews the available studies and research, and recommends the most effective ways to answer those questions. This book discusses the development of welfare policy, including the landmark 1996 federal law that devolved most of the responsibility for welfare policies and their implementation to the states. A thorough analysis of the available research leads to the identification of gaps in what is currently known about the effects of welfare reform. Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition specifies what-and why-we need to know about the response of individual states to the federal overhaul of welfare and the effects of the many changes in the nation's welfare laws, policies, and practices. With a clear approach to a variety of issues, Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition will be important to policy makers, welfare administrators, researchers, journalists, and advocates on all sides of the issue. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Sediment Dredging at Superfund Megasites: Assessing the Effectiveness %@ 978-0-309-10977-2 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11968/sediment-dredging-at-superfund-megasites-assessing-the-effectiveness %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11968/sediment-dredging-at-superfund-megasites-assessing-the-effectiveness %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 316 %X Some of the nation's estuaries, lakes and other water bodies contain contaminated sediments that can adversely affect fish and wildlife and may then find their way into people's diets. Dredging is one of the few options available for attempting to clean up contaminated sediments, but it can uncover and re-suspend buried contaminants, creating additional exposures for wildlife and people. At the request of Congress, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to evaluate dredging as a cleanup technique. The book finds that, based on a review of available evidence, dredging's ability to decrease environmental and health risks is still an open question. Analysis of pre-dredging and post-dredging at about 20 sites found a wide range of outcomes in terms of surface sediment concentrations of contaminants: some sites showed increases, some no change, and some decreases in concentrations. Evaluating the potential long-term benefits of dredging will require that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency step up monitoring activities before, during and after individual cleanups to determine whether it is working there and what combinations of techniques are most effective. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants: The Scope and Adequacy of Regulation %@ 978-0-309-08263-1 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10258/environmental-effects-of-transgenic-plants-the-scope-and-adequacy-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10258/environmental-effects-of-transgenic-plants-the-scope-and-adequacy-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 342 %X Transgenic crops offer the promise of increased agricultural productivity and better quality foods. But they also raise the specter of harmful environmental effects. In this new book, a panel of experts examines: • Similarities and differences between crops developed by conventional and transgenic methods • Potential for commercialized transgenic crops to change both agricultural and nonagricultural landscapes • How well the U.S. government is regulating transgenic crops to avoid any negative effects. Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants provides a wealth of information about transgenic processes, previous experience with the introduction of novel crops, principles of risk assessment and management, the science behind current regulatory schemes, issues in monitoring transgenic products already on the market, and more. The book discusses public involvement—and public confidence—in biotechnology regulation. And it looks to the future, exploring the potential of genetic engineering and the prospects for environmental effects. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Ulmer, Cheryl %E Wolman, Dianne Miller %E Johns, Michael M.E. %T Resident Duty Hours: Enhancing Sleep, Supervision, and Safety %@ 978-0-309-12776-9 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12508/resident-duty-hours-enhancing-sleep-supervision-and-safety %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12508/resident-duty-hours-enhancing-sleep-supervision-and-safety %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Education %P 426 %X Medical residents in hospitals are often required to be on duty for long hours. In 2003 the organization overseeing graduate medical education adopted common program requirements to restrict resident workweeks, including limits to an average of 80 hours over 4 weeks and the longest consecutive period of work to 30 hours in order to protect patients and residents from unsafe conditions resulting from excessive fatigue. Resident Duty Hours provides a timely examination of how those requirements were implemented and their impact on safety, education, and the training institutions. An in-depth review of the evidence on sleep and human performance indicated a need to increase opportunities for sleep during residency training to prevent acute and chronic sleep deprivation and minimize the risk of fatigue-related errors. In addition to recommending opportunities for on-duty sleep during long duty periods and breaks for sleep of appropriate lengths between work periods, the committee also recommends enhancements of supervision, appropriate workload, and changes in the work environment to improve conditions for safety and learning. All residents, medical educators, those involved with academic training institutions, specialty societies, professional groups, and consumer/patient safety organizations will find this book useful to advocate for an improved culture of safety. %0 Book %T Environmental Monitoring %D 1977 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20330/environmental-monitoring %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20330/environmental-monitoring %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 197 %0 Book %T Managing Troubled Waters: The Role of Marine Environmental Monitoring %@ 978-0-309-07478-0 %D 1990 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1439/managing-troubled-waters-the-role-of-marine-environmental-monitoring %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1439/managing-troubled-waters-the-role-of-marine-environmental-monitoring %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 136 %X Reports of closed beaches, restricted shellfish beds, oil spills, and ailing fisheries are some of the recent evidence that our marine environment is in trouble. More than $133 million is spent on marine environmental monitoring annually in the United States, but officials still do not have enough accurate information to make timely decisions about protecting our waters. This book presents the first comprehensive overview of marine monitoring, providing practical information and a model for revamping the nation's marine monitoring apparatus. The volume explores current monitoring programs and whether or not they work; the benefits and limitations of monitoring; the critical need for greater coordination among local, regional, and national monitoring programs; and a recommended conceptual model for developing more effective monitoring programs. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Goldman, Lynn %E Coussens, Christine M. %T Environmental Health Indicators: Bridging the Chasm of Public Health and the Environment: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-09265-4 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11136/environmental-health-indicators-bridging-the-chasm-of-public-health-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11136/environmental-health-indicators-bridging-the-chasm-of-public-health-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Health and Medicine %P 136 %X This report is the summary of the fourth workshop of The Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine. Environmental Indicators: Bridging the Chasm Between Public Health and the Environment, continues the overarching themes of previous workshops on rebuilding the unity of health and the environment. The purpose of the workshop was to bring people together from many fields, including federal, state, local, and private partners in environmental health, to examine potential leading indicators of environmental health, to discuss the proposed national health tracking effort, to look into monitoring systems of other nations, and to foster a dialogue on the steps for establishing a nationwide environmental health monitoring system. This workshop brought together a number of experts who presented, discussed, and debated the issues surrounding the implementation of a monitoring system. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space %@ 978-0-309-05744-8 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5826/advanced-technology-for-human-support-in-space %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5826/advanced-technology-for-human-support-in-space %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 150 %X Advanced Technology for Human Support in Space was written in response to a request from NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications (OLMSA) to evaluate its Advanced Human Support Technology Program. This report reviews the four major areas of the program: advanced life support (ALS), environmental monitoring and control (EMC), extravehicular activities (EVA), and space human factors (SHF). The focus of this program is on long-term technology development applicable to future human long-duration space missions, such as for a hypothetical new mission to the Moon or Mars. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Inspection and Maintenance of Bridge Stay Cable Systems %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13689/inspection-and-maintenance-of-bridge-stay-cable-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13689/inspection-and-maintenance-of-bridge-stay-cable-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 75 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 353: Inspection and Maintenance of Bridge Stay Cable Systems identifies and explains various inspection and maintenance techniques for bridge stay cable systems. It discusses both short- and long-term approaches. The report information on methods for inspections and assessments, including nondestructive testing and evaluation procedures; repair and retrofit; methods for control of cable vibrations, including rain–wind vibrations; stay cable fatigue and failure; effectiveness of various inspection and repair methods; limitations of available technologies; and trends and recommendations for future study. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %E Bremer, Andrew %E Linn, Anne %T Leveraging Advances in Remote Geospatial Technologies to Inform Precision Environmental Health Decisions: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26265/leveraging-advances-in-remote-geospatial-technologies-to-inform-precision-environmental-health-decisions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26265/leveraging-advances-in-remote-geospatial-technologies-to-inform-precision-environmental-health-decisions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 12 %X Leveraging Advances in Remote Geospatial Technologies to Inform Precision Environmental Health Decisions, a virtual workshop held on April 14-15, 2021, explored how advances in geospatial technologies can inform precision environmental health, the targeted public health interventions that reach the right populations at the right time. The workshop was organized by a planning committee of the Standing Committee on the Use of Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions, a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine program that examines and discusses issues regarding the use of new science, tools, and methodologies for environmental health research and decisions. The workshop included plenary and scientific presentations that focused on technical advances and applications of remote geospatial technologies in environmental health. The workshop was organized around three main sessions: leveraging geospatial technologies to advance environmental justice and health equity; personalizing exposure science to improve environmental health; and geospatial science for preparing for and responding to environmental disasters. The workshop's final session centered on breakout discussions on major cross-cutting themes including data availability; data integration; training and capacity building; and privacy and ethics. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Occupational Health and Workplace Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities %@ 978-0-309-07575-6 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10152/occupational-health-and-workplace-monitoring-at-chemical-agent-disposal-facilities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10152/occupational-health-and-workplace-monitoring-at-chemical-agent-disposal-facilities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 56 %X In keeping with a congressional mandate (Public Law 104-484) and the Chemical Weapons Convention, the United States is currently destroying its chemical weapons stockpile. The Army must ensure that the chemical demilitarization workforce is protected from the risks of exposure to hazardous chemicals during disposal operations and during and after facility closure. Good industrial practices developed in the chemical and nuclear energy industries and other operations that involve the processing of hazardous materials include workplace monitoring of hazardous species and a systematic occupational health program for monitoring workers' activities and health. In this report, the National Research Council Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program examines the methods and systems used at JACADS and TOCDF, the two operational facilities, to monitor the concentrations of airborne and condensed-phase chemical agents, agent breakdown products, and other substances of concern. The committee also reviews the occupational health programs at these sites, including their industrial hygiene and occupational medicine components. Finally, it evaluates the nature, quality, and utility of records of workplace chemical monitoring and occupational health programs. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Holden, Patrick W. %T Pesticides and Groundwater Quality: Issues and Problems in Four States %@ 978-0-309-03676-4 %D 1986 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/649/pesticides-and-groundwater-quality-issues-and-problems-in-four-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/649/pesticides-and-groundwater-quality-issues-and-problems-in-four-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 136 %X Pesticides in groundwater can contaminate drinking water and threaten the health of communities. How does this contamination occur and what should be done about this pressing problem? This new book uses a case-study approach to describe the discovery of the problem in four major agricultural states, to summarize the most recent data on the problem, and to review the status of the problem from both technological and policy perspectives. It also addresses the controversial questions of what levels of residues are acceptable, who should bear the costs of drinking water that is already contaminated, and how federal scientific resources can best be used to aid state initiatives in addressing this problem.