%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Autonomous Vehicles in Support of Naval Operations %@ 978-0-309-09676-8 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11379/autonomous-vehicles-in-support-of-naval-operations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11379/autonomous-vehicles-in-support-of-naval-operations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Space and Aeronautics %P 256 %X Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have been used in military operations for more than 60 years, with torpedoes, cruise missiles, satellites, and target drones being early examples.1 They have also been widely used in the civilian sector--for example, in the disposal of explosives, for work and measurement in radioactive environments, by various offshore industries for both creating and maintaining undersea facilities, for atmospheric and undersea research, and by industry in automated and robotic manufacturing. Recent military experiences with AVs have consistently demonstrated their value in a wide range of missions, and anticipated developments of AVs hold promise for increasingly significant roles in future naval operations. Advances in AV capabilities are enabled (and limited) by progress in the technologies of computing and robotics, navigation, communications and networking, power sources and propulsion, and materials. Autonomous Vehicles in Support of Naval Operations is a forward-looking discussion of the naval operational environment and vision for the Navy and Marine Corps and of naval mission needs and potential applications and limitations of AVs. This report considers the potential of AVs for naval operations, operational needs and technology issues, and opportunities for improved operations. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T U.S. Conventional Prompt Global Strike: Issues for 2008 and Beyond %@ 978-0-309-11459-2 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12061/us-conventional-prompt-global-strike-issues-for-2008-and-beyond %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12061/us-conventional-prompt-global-strike-issues-for-2008-and-beyond %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 238 %X Conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) is a military option under consideration by the U.S. Department of Defense. This book, the final report from the National Research Council’s Committee on Conventional Prompt Global Strike Capability, analyzes proposed CPGS systems and evaluates the potential role CPGS could play in U.S. defense. U.S. Conventional Prompt Global Strike provides near-, mid-, and long-term recommendations for possible CPGS development, addressing the following questions: Does the United States need CPGS capabilities? What are the alternative CPGS systems, and how effective are they likely to be if proposed capabilities are achieved? What would be the implications of alternative CPGS systems for stability, doctrine, decision making, and operations? What nuclear ambiguity concerns arise from CPGS, and how might they be mitigated? What arms control issues arise with CPGS systems, and how might they be resolved? Should the United States proceed with research, development, testing, and evaluation (RDT&E) of the Conventional Trident Modification (CTM) program5 and, ultimately, with CTM production and deployment? Should the United States proceed with the development and testing of alternative CPGS systems beyond CTM? %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Nuclear Arms Control: Background and Issues %@ 978-0-309-03491-3 %D 1985 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11/nuclear-arms-control-background-and-issues %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11/nuclear-arms-control-background-and-issues %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 390 %X This nontechnical overview of developments in nuclear arms control describes how the United States and the Soviet Union arrived at their present positions—and where they might go from here. According to Foreign Affairs, "This book is proof that the complexities of arms control can be successfully explained in a nontechnical, and even more importantly, nonpartisan manner....It presents the key issues in a clear, thorough, and remarkably up-to-date way....Strongly recommended as a primary source for classroom and public discussions." %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Conventional Prompt Global Strike Capability: Letter Report %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11951/conventional-prompt-global-strike-capability-letter-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11951/conventional-prompt-global-strike-capability-letter-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 14 %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Reykjavik and Beyond: Deep Reductions in Strategic Nuclear Arsenals and the Future Direction of Arms Control %@ 978-0-309-03799-0 %D 1988 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1089/reykjavik-and-beyond-deep-reductions-in-strategic-nuclear-arsenals-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1089/reykjavik-and-beyond-deep-reductions-in-strategic-nuclear-arsenals-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 80 %X No more important issue faces us today than the future success of efforts to manage and control nuclear arsenals. Reykjavik and Beyond represents the careful consideration of this subject by a group of experts deeply involved in arms control. The authors consider what changes in force structures, strategic thought, and political relations would be necessary to make possible large reductions in the superpowers' nuclear arsenals. They also examine how very deep cuts would affect other aspects of the military balance and the political and international order more broadly. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T The Future of the U.S.-Soviet Nuclear Relationship %@ 978-0-309-04582-7 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1846/the-future-of-the-us-soviet-nuclear-relationship %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1846/the-future-of-the-us-soviet-nuclear-relationship %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 76 %X The United States and the Soviet Union could drastically reduce their nuclear arsenals below the levels prescribed by the new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). The end of the Cold War and the transformation of international security now under way present the United States with opportunities to develop new policies based on greater international cooperation with the Soviet Union and other major powers. This new book describes two lower levels of nuclear forces that could be achieved, as well as other related measures to improve international security. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Naval Communications Architecture %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18600/naval-communications-architecture %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18600/naval-communications-architecture %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 95 %0 Book %T Proceedings of the Symposium on Tactical Meteorology and Oceanography: Support for Strike Warfare and Ship Self-Defense %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9265/proceedings-of-the-symposium-on-tactical-meteorology-and-oceanography-support %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9265/proceedings-of-the-symposium-on-tactical-meteorology-and-oceanography-support %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 33 %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Regional Ballistic Missile Defense in the Context of Strategic Stability %@ 978-0-309-46891-6 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24964/regional-ballistic-missile-defense-in-the-context-of-strategic-stability %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24964/regional-ballistic-missile-defense-in-the-context-of-strategic-stability %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 126 %X As ballistic missile technology proliferates, and as ballistic missile defenses are deployed by both the Russian Federation and the United States, it is increasingly important for these two countries to seek ways to reap the benefits of systems that can protect their own national security interests against limited missile attacks from third countries without undermining the strategic balance that the two governments maintain to ensure stability. Regional Ballistic Missile Defense in the Context of Strategic Stability examines both the technical implications of planned missile defense deployments for Russian and U.S. strategic deterrents and the benefits and disadvantages of a range of options for cooperation on missile defense. %0 Book %T A Comprehensive Nuclear Arms Reduction Regime: Interim Report %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10117/a-comprehensive-nuclear-arms-reduction-regime-interim-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10117/a-comprehensive-nuclear-arms-reduction-regime-interim-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 22 %X The Committee on International Security and Arms Control (CISAC) produced an interim report of a study on “A Comprehensive Nuclear Arms Reduction Regime.” The interim report outlines the first nine months of the study, primarily focusing on the technical aspects of a potential monitoring regime, including specific monitoring technologies. CISAC is reviewing draft materials that will be the basis for the final report. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of ONR's Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicles Program %@ 978-0-309-06977-9 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9885/review-of-onrs-uninhabited-combat-air-vehicles-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9885/review-of-onrs-uninhabited-combat-air-vehicles-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Space and Aeronautics %P 58 %X Joint Vision 20101 addresses the need for achieving military dominance through the application of new operational concepts. For the Department of the Navy, future operational concepts will hinge on a continuance of forward yet unobtrusive presence and the capability to influence events ashore as required. This capability will be enabled by the development and insertion into the forces of new technologies for providing command, control, and surveillance; battlespace dominance; power projection; and force sustainment. For example, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently proven to be valuable operational platforms for providing tactical intelligence by surveillance of the battlefield. To support naval force objectives, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) has established a research program within the Strike Technology Division (Code 351) of the Naval Expeditionary Warfare Science and Technology Department aimed at expanding the operational capabilities of UAVs to include not only surveillance and reconnaissance, but strike and logistics missions as well. This new class of autonomous vehicles, known as uninhabited combat air vehicles (UCAVs), is foreseen as being intelligent, recoverable, and highly maneuverable in support of future naval operations. Review of ONR'S Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicles Program evaluates ONR's UCAV technology activities, including its vision documents and its science and technology roadmap (in areas of vehicle dynamics, communications, sensors, and autonomous agents) against criteria that would be selected by the committee, such as the relevance for meeting future naval priorities, the cost and time scale for its utilization, duplication of effort, and scientific and technical quality. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Katt, Robert J. %T Selected Directed Energy Research and Development for U.S. Air Force Aircraft Applications: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-29261-0 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18497/selected-directed-energy-research-and-development-for-us-air-force-aircraft-applications %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18497/selected-directed-energy-research-and-development-for-us-air-force-aircraft-applications %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 74 %X The U. S. Air force currently invests significantly in science and technology for directed-energy weapon (DEW) systems. Key elements of this investment include high-energy lasers and high-power microwaves. Other DEW research and development efforts include: optical beam control for high-energy lasers; vulnerability and lethality assessments; and advanced non-conventional and innovative weapons. Selected Directed Energy Research and Development for U.S. Air Force Aircraft Applications is the summary of three workshop sessions convened between February and April, 2013 by the Air Force Studies Board of the National Academies' National Research Council. Representatives from the Air Force science and technology community and DEW experts from the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, Office of the Secretary of Defense, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency presented and discussed threats that DEW capabilities might defend against and assessments of foreign progress in DEW. This report examines the current status of DEW capabilities both in the U.S. and abroad, and considers future applications of DEW systems. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pool, Robert %T Key Challenges for Effective Testing and Evaluation Across Department of Defense Ranges: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26150/key-challenges-for-effective-testing-and-evaluation-across-department-of-defense-ranges %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26150/key-challenges-for-effective-testing-and-evaluation-across-department-of-defense-ranges %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 11 %X To protect itself from attacks by foreign forces, the United States relies upon its armed services, which in turn rely upon weapons and other systems to provide them with the tools they need to successfully neutralize adversaries' combat capabilities. Maintaining the armed services' warfighting advantage requires a steady stream of new and improved weapons and technologies. A crucial step for acquiring and using these assets is testing their effectiveness and suitability on Department of Defense (DoD) ranges. The DoD has testing ranges that span the globe, where new military technologies are tested based on real threats, tasks, and environments to ensure their combat readiness. These ranges are a vital aspect of the nation's defense, but will they be able to adequately test the increasingly complex military technologies of the future? Against this backdrop, the DoD's Office of the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation, requested that the Board on Army Research and Development of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine assess the physical and technical suitability of DoD test and evaluation (T&E) ranges and infrastructure. As part of that task, the study committee convened a 2-day workshop on January 28-29, 2021, to gather information on the challenges facing the nation's military ranges. The workshop brought together experts from the military, industry, and government, who discussed the current status of T&E on military ranges and what will be required to ensure their effectiveness in coming decades. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Challenges for the 1990s for Arms Control and International Security %@ 978-0-309-04084-6 %D 1989 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1462/challenges-for-the-1990s-for-arms-control-and-international-security %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1462/challenges-for-the-1990s-for-arms-control-and-international-security %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 86 %X Featuring essays by prominent experts in international security, this volume surveys the status and prospects for progress in every major area of arms control under active negotiation: strategic and conventional force reductions, a chemical weapons ban, and the vitality of the nuclear nonproliferation treaty regime. Also included is a fascinating account of the implementation of the INF Treaty through on-site inspections to verify missile destruction by the director of the U.S. On-Site Inspection Agency, Brigadier General Roland Lajoie. Roald Sagdeev, a prominent Soviet scientist and expert on security matters, offers his views of the Soviet Union's restructuring of its approach to national and international security. Also featured are essays by Wolfgang Panofsky, R. James Woolsey, Paul Doty, Matthew Meselson, Spurgeon Keeny, and Marvin Goldberger. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Navy and Marine Corps in Regional Conflict in the 21st Century %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9231/the-navy-and-marine-corps-in-regional-conflict-in-the-21st-century %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9231/the-navy-and-marine-corps-in-regional-conflict-in-the-21st-century %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 135 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T 2002 Assessment of the Office of Naval Research's Air and Surface Weapons Technology Program %@ 978-0-309-08601-1 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10594/2002-assessment-of-the-office-of-naval-researchs-air-and-surface-weapons-technology-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10594/2002-assessment-of-the-office-of-naval-researchs-air-and-surface-weapons-technology-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 66 %X The Office of Naval Research (ONR) contracted with the Naval Studies Board (NSB) of the National Research Council (NRC) to establish a committee to review ONR's Air and Surface Weapons Technology (ASWT) program. The committee convened on May 14 and 15, 2002, and reviewed more than 20 science and technology (S&T) efforts that were presented as constituting the ASWT program. The committee then met separately on May 16, 2002, to formulate its findings and recommendations. This report represents the consensus views of the committee and is based on the information presented prior to and at the review, as well as on the committee members' accumulated experience and expertise in military operations, systems, and technologies. %0 Book %T Symposium on Naval Warfare and Coastal Oceanography: Naval Amphibious Base, Little Creek, Virginia, April 29-May 2, 1991 %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9946/symposium-on-naval-warfare-and-coastal-oceanography-naval-amphibious-base %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9946/symposium-on-naval-warfare-and-coastal-oceanography-naval-amphibious-base %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Earth Sciences %P 50 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Enhancing Operational Effectiveness of U.S. Naval Forces in Highly Degraded Environments: Autonomy and Artificial Intelligence in Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Abbreviated Version of Full Report %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26493/enhancing-operational-effectiveness-of-us-naval-forces-in-highly-degraded-environments %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26493/enhancing-operational-effectiveness-of-us-naval-forces-in-highly-degraded-environments %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 14 %X At the request of the Chief of Naval Operations, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a classified study that examined U.S. Naval Forces' capabilities to maintain operational effectiveness in the face of an adversary's efforts to deny and degrade mission-critical data. This abbreviated version of the report includes the information available for the public. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Research Council %T Environmental Information for Naval Warfare %@ 978-0-309-08860-2 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10626/environmental-information-for-naval-warfare %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10626/environmental-information-for-naval-warfare %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Earth Sciences %P 217 %X Accurate and timely environmental information can provide a tactical advantage to U.S. naval forces during warfare. This report analyzes the current environmental information system used by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps and recommends ways to address uncertainty and leverage network-centric operating principles to enhance the value of environmental information. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T C4ISR for Future Naval Strike Groups %@ 978-0-309-09600-3 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11605/c4isr-for-future-naval-strike-groups %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11605/c4isr-for-future-naval-strike-groups %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Space and Aeronautics %P 300 %X The Navy has put forth a new construct for its strike forces that enables more effective forward deterrence and rapid response. A key aspect of this construct is the need for flexible, adaptive command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems. To assist development of this capability, the Navy asked the NRC to examine C4ISR for carrier, expeditionary, and strike and missile defense strike groups, and for expeditionary strike forces. This report provides an assessment of C4ISR capabilities for each type of strike group; recommendations for C4ISR architecture for use in major combat operations; promising technology trends; and an examination of organizational improvements that can enable the recommended architecture.