%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Oil in the Sea IV: Quick Guide for Practitioners and Researchers %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27155/oil-in-the-sea-iv-quick-guide-for-practitioners-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27155/oil-in-the-sea-iv-quick-guide-for-practitioners-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 84 %X This booklet provides key insights from Oil in the Sea IV: Inputs, Fates, and Effects, published in 2022, which benefited from significant advancements in scientific methods to detect the input and fates of oil in the sea, and from lessons learned from the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill in 2010. Going beyond previous reports, Oil in the Sea IV includes analysis of human health impacts of oil in the sea, oil in the Arctic marine environment, and prevention and response efforts that can help to both reduce the amount of oil reaching the sea and minimize its effects. The booklet is meant to serve as a reference guide to all those involved in oil spill research and response. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Toward a New Era of Data Sharing: Summary of the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27520/toward-a-new-era-of-data-sharing-summary-of-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27520/toward-a-new-era-of-data-sharing-summary-of-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 56 %X Data are at the forefront of efforts to solve many of today's greatest problems, including climate change, misinformation and disinformation, the threat of future global pandemics, and the quest by people everywhere to lead better lives. But if researchers are going to use data to contribute to the solutions of problems, data need to be available for them to use. Over time, data have become increasingly voluminous, complex, and heterogeneous. Massive volumes of data are being generated by new devices and methods, and many of these data are not easy to analyze, interpret, or share. Groups that generate data may be reluctant to share them for a variety of professional, personal, financial, regulatory, and statutory reasons.These issues were addressed during the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data held in Washington, DC, on September 12–13, 2023. Organized by the National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society, the forum examined the constellation of issues surrounding researchers' access to data, best practices and lessons learned from exemplary research disciplines, and new ideas and techniques that could drive research forward. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the forum. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects %@ 978-0-309-43738-7 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23395/genetically-engineered-crops-experiences-and-prospects %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23395/genetically-engineered-crops-experiences-and-prospects %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 606 %X Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Daniels, Ronald %E Beninson, Lida %T The Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers: Breaking Through %@ 978-0-309-47137-4 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25008/the-next-generation-of-biomedical-and-behavioral-sciences-researchers-breaking %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25008/the-next-generation-of-biomedical-and-behavioral-sciences-researchers-breaking %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 192 %X Since the end of the Second World War, the United States has developed the world's preeminent system for biomedical research, one that has given rise to revolutionary medical advances as well as a dynamic and innovative business sector generating high-quality jobs and powering economic output and exports for the U.S. economy. However, there is a growing concern that the biomedical research enterprise is beset by several core challenges that undercut its vitality, promise, and productivity and that could diminish its critical role in the nation's health and innovation in the biomedical industry. Among the most salient of these challenges is the gulf between the burgeoning number of scientists qualified to participate in this system as academic researchers and the elusive opportunities to establish long-term research careers in academia. The patchwork of measures to address the challenges facing young scientists that has emerged over the years has allowed the U.S. biomedical enterprise to continue to make significant scientific and medical advances. These measures, however, have not resolved the structural vulnerabilities in the system, and in some cases come at a great opportunity cost for young scientists. These unresolved issues could diminish the nation's ability to recruit the best minds from all sectors of the U.S. population to careers in biomedical research and raise concerns about a system that may favor increasingly conservative research proposals over high-risk, innovative ideas. The Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers: Breaking Through evaluates the factors that influence transitions into independent research careers in the biomedical and behavioral sciences and offers recommendations to improve those transitions. These recommendations chart a path to a biomedical research enterprise that is competitive, rigorous, fair, dynamic, and can attract the best minds from across the country. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Feasibility of Using Mycoherbicides for Controlling Illicit Drug Crops %@ 978-0-309-22171-9 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13278/feasibility-of-using-mycoherbicides-for-controlling-illicit-drug-crops %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13278/feasibility-of-using-mycoherbicides-for-controlling-illicit-drug-crops %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 186 %X The control of illicit-drug trafficking and drug use is a difficult and complex process that involves a variety of prevention, control, treatment, and law enforcement strategies. Eradication strategies for controlling illicit-drug crops are used to target the beginning of the drug-supply chain by preventing or reducing crop yields. Mycoherbicides have been proposed as an eradication tool to supplement the current methods of herbicide spraying, mechanical removal, and manual destruction of illicit-drug crops. Some people regard them as preferable to chemical herbicides for controlling illicit-drug crops because of their purported specificity to only one plant species or a few closely related species. As living microorganisms, they have the potential to provide long-term control if they can persist in the environment and affect later plantings. Research on mycoherbicides against illicit-drug crops has focused on three pathogens: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cannabis for cannabis (Cannabis sativa), F. oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli for coca (Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense), and Crivellia papaveracea or Brachycladium papaveris (formerly known as Pleospora papaveracea and Dendryphion penicillatum, respectively) for opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Feasibility of Using Mycoherbicides for Controlling Illicit Drug Crops addresses issues about the potential use of the proposed mycoherbicides: their effectiveness in eradicating their target plants; the feasibility of their large-scale industrial manufacture and delivery; their potential spread and persistence in the environment; their pathogenicity and toxicity to nontarget organisms, including other plants, fungi, animals, and humans; their potential for mutation and resulting effects on target plants and nontarget organisms; and research and development needs. On the basis of its review, the report concludes that the available data are insufficient to determine the effectiveness of the specific fungi proposed as mycoherbicides to combat illicit-drug crops or to determine their potential effects on nontarget plants, microorganisms, animals, humans, or the environment. However, the committee offers an assessment of what can and cannot be determined at the present time regarding each of the issues raised in the statement of task. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Lost Crops of Africa: Volume II: Vegetables %@ 978-0-309-10333-6 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11763/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-ii-vegetables %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11763/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-ii-vegetables %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 378 %X This report is the second in a series of three evaluating underexploited African plant resources that could help broaden and secure Africa's food supply. The volume describes the characteristics of 18 little-known indigenous African vegetables (including tubers and legumes) that have potential as food- and cash-crops but are typically overlooked by scientists and policymakers and in the world at large. The book assesses the potential of each vegetable to help overcome malnutrition, boost food security, foster rural development, and create sustainable landcare in Africa. Each species is described in a separate chapter, based on information gathered from and verified by a pool of experts throughout the world. Volume I describes African grains and Volume III African fruits. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits %@ 978-0-309-10596-5 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11879/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-iii-fruits %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11879/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-iii-fruits %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 380 %X This book is the third in a series evaluating underexploited African plant resources that could help broaden and secure Africa's food supply. The volume describes 24 little-known indigenous African cultivated and wild fruits that have potential as food- and cash-crops but are typically overlooked by scientists, policymakers, and the world at large. The book assesses the potential of each fruit to help overcome malnutrition, boost food security, foster rural development, and create sustainable landcare in Africa. Each fruit is also described in a separate chapter, based on information provided and assessed by experts throughout the world. Volume I describes African grains and Volume II African vegetables. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Issues for Science and Engineering Researchers in the Digital Age %@ 978-0-309-07417-9 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10100/issues-for-science-and-engineering-researchers-in-the-digital-age %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10100/issues-for-science-and-engineering-researchers-in-the-digital-age %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Education %P 69 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Pool, Robert %E Esnayra, Joan %T Ecological Monitoring of Genetically Modified Crops: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-07335-6 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10068/ecological-monitoring-of-genetically-modified-crops-a-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10068/ecological-monitoring-of-genetically-modified-crops-a-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 60 %X Proponents of agricultural biotechnology believe that genetically modified (GM) crops have the potential to provide great ecological benefits, such as reduced pesticide and land use, as well as agricultural benefits. However, given the rapid emergence of commercial GM crops and the likely increase in their use, many groups have raised concerns about the potential unintended, adverse ecological effects of these crops. Some ecological concerns are enhanced development of pest resistance, crosspollination with wild relatives, and reductions in beneficial insects or birds. Ecological Monitoring of Genetically Modified Crops considers the latest in monitoring methods and technologies and to asks--What are the challenges associated with monitoring for ecological effects of GM crops? Is ongoing ecological monitoring of GM crops a useful and informative activity? If so, how should scientifically rigorous monitoring be carried out in the variety of ecological settings in which GM crops are grown? %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States %@ 978-0-309-14708-8 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12804/the-impact-of-genetically-engineered-crops-on-farm-sustainability-in-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12804/the-impact-of-genetically-engineered-crops-on-farm-sustainability-in-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 270 %X Since genetically engineered (GE) crops were introduced in 1996, their use in the United States has grown rapidly, accounting for 80-90 percent of soybean, corn, and cotton acreage in 2009. To date, crops with traits that provide resistance to some herbicides and to specific insect pests have benefited adopting farmers by reducing crop losses to insect damage, by increasing flexibility in time management, and by facilitating the use of more environmentally friendly pesticides and tillage practices. However, excessive reliance on a single technology combined with a lack of diverse farming practices could undermine the economic and environmental gains from these GE crops. Other challenges could hinder the application of the technology to a broader spectrum of crops and uses. Several reports from the National Research Council have addressed the effects of GE crops on the environment and on human health. However, The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States is the first comprehensive assessment of the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the GE-crop revolution on U.S. farms. It addresses how GE crops have affected U.S. farmers, both adopters and nonadopters of the technology, their incomes, agronomic practices, production decisions, environmental resources, and personal well-being. The book offers several new findings and four recommendations that could be useful to farmers, industry, science organizations, policy makers, and others in government agencies. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Characterizing Exposure of Veterans to Agent Orange and Other Herbicides Used in Vietnam: Interim Findings and Recommendations %@ 978-0-309-08943-2 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10687/characterizing-exposure-of-veterans-to-agent-orange-and-other-herbicides-used-in-vietnam %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10687/characterizing-exposure-of-veterans-to-agent-orange-and-other-herbicides-used-in-vietnam %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 36 %X From 1962 to 1971, US military forces sprayed more than 19 million gallons of herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that helped conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that enemy forces might depend on, and to clear tall grass and bushes from around the perimeters of US base camps and outlying fire-support bases. Most large-scale spraying operations were conducted from airplanes and helicopters, but herbicides were also sprayed from boats and ground vehicles, and by soldiers wearing back-mounted equipment. After a scientific report concluded that a contaminant of one of the primary chemicals used in the herbicide called Agent Orange could cause birth defects in laboratory animals, US forces suspended use of the herbicide; they subsequently halted all herbicide spraying in Vietnam in 1971. At the request of the Veteran's Administration, the Institute of Medicine established a committee to oversee the development and evaluation of models of herbicide exposure for use in studies of Vietnam veterans. That committee would develop and disseminate a request for proposals (RFP) consistent with the recommendations; evaluate the proposals received in response to the RFP and select one or more academic or other nongovernmental research groups to develop the exposure reconstruction model; provide scientific and administrative oversight of the work of the researchers; and evaluate the models developed by the researchers in a report to VA, which would be published for a broader audience. Characterizing Exposure of Veterans to Agent Orange and Other Herbicides Used in Vietnam is the IOM's report that evaluates models of herbicide reconstruction to develop and test models of herbicide exposure for use in studies of Vietnam veterans. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants: The Scope and Adequacy of Regulation %@ 978-0-309-08263-1 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10258/environmental-effects-of-transgenic-plants-the-scope-and-adequacy-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10258/environmental-effects-of-transgenic-plants-the-scope-and-adequacy-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 342 %X Transgenic crops offer the promise of increased agricultural productivity and better quality foods. But they also raise the specter of harmful environmental effects. In this new book, a panel of experts examines: • Similarities and differences between crops developed by conventional and transgenic methods • Potential for commercialized transgenic crops to change both agricultural and nonagricultural landscapes • How well the U.S. government is regulating transgenic crops to avoid any negative effects. Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants provides a wealth of information about transgenic processes, previous experience with the introduction of novel crops, principles of risk assessment and management, the science behind current regulatory schemes, issues in monitoring transgenic products already on the market, and more. The book discusses public involvement—and public confidence—in biotechnology regulation. And it looks to the future, exploring the potential of genetic engineering and the prospects for environmental effects. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Lurie, Carol %E Alger, Samantha %E LePore, Sierra %E McCandless, Catherine %T Considerations for Establishing and Maintaining Successful Pollinator Programs on Airports %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26680/considerations-for-establishing-and-maintaining-successful-pollinator-programs-on-airports %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26680/considerations-for-establishing-and-maintaining-successful-pollinator-programs-on-airports %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 114 %X Global reports of bee declines have fueled efforts to reduce threats to pollinators and raise public awareness of bees as pollinators of our food crops and native plants. Some airports have implemented pollinator-friendly practices and programs that restore habitat for bees and bring public awareness and appreciation to these fascinating insects. The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 119: Considerations for Establishing and Maintaining Successful Pollinator Programs on Airports summarizes experiences and best management practices of pollinator-friendly programs at airports, particularly beekeeping programs and pollinator habitat management programs. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Bock, Mary Ellen %E Kirkendall, Nancy J. %T Improving Crop Estimates by Integrating Multiple Data Sources %@ 978-0-309-46529-8 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24892/improving-crop-estimates-by-integrating-multiple-data-sources %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24892/improving-crop-estimates-by-integrating-multiple-data-sources %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 148 %X The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) is the primary statistical data collection agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). NASS conducts hundreds of surveys each year and prepares reports covering virtually every aspect of U.S. agriculture. Among the small-area estimates produced by NASS are county-level estimates for crops (planted acres, harvested acres, production, and yield by commodity) and for cash rental rates for irrigated cropland, nonirrigated cropland, and permanent pastureland. Key users of these county-level estimates include USDA’s Farm Services Agency (FSA) and Risk Management Agency (RMA), which use the estimates as part of their processes for distributing farm subsidies and providing farm insurance, respectively. Improving Crop Estimates by Integrating Multiple Data Sources assesses county-level crop and cash rents estimates, and offers recommendations on methods for integrating data sources to provide more precise county-level estimates of acreage and yield for major crops and of cash rents by land use. This report considers technical issues involved in using the available data sources, such as methods for integrating the data, the assumptions underpinning the use of each source, the robustness of the resulting estimates, and the properties of desirable estimates of uncertainty. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2006 %@ 978-0-309-14552-7 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11906/veterans-and-agent-orange-update-2006 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11906/veterans-and-agent-orange-update-2006 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Health and Medicine %P 894 %X From 1962 to 1971, the U.S. military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of U.S. base camps and outlying fire-support bases. In response to concerns and continuing uncertainty about the long-term health effects of the sprayed herbicides on Vietnam veterans, Veterans and Agent Orange provides a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides used in Vietnam. The 2006 report is the seventh volume in this series of biennial updates. It will be of interest to policy makers and physicians in the federal government, veterans and their families, veterans' organizations, researchers, and health professionals. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2008 %@ 978-0-309-13884-0 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12662/veterans-and-agent-orange-update-2008 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12662/veterans-and-agent-orange-update-2008 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 706 %X From 1962 to 1971, the U.S. military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of U.S. base camps and outlying fire-support bases. In response to concerns and continuing uncertainty about the long-term health effects of the sprayed herbicides on Vietnam veterans, Veterans and Agent Orange provides a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides used in Vietnam. The 2008 report is the eighth volume in this series of biennial updates. It will be of interest to policy makers and physicians in the federal government, veterans and their families, veterans' organizations, researchers, and health professionals. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Saunders, Jennifer %T Preserving and Developing Ukraine's Human Capital in Research, Education, and Innovation: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27417/preserving-and-developing-ukraines-human-capital-in-research-education-and-innovation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27417/preserving-and-developing-ukraines-human-capital-in-research-education-and-innovation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 17 %X The February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has devastated the country, resulting in mass casualties, destruction of facilities and infrastructure, and significant internal and external migration. The invasion also ravaged science and technology sectors, not only in terms of damaging physical facilities and institutions, but also by displacing scientists and creating challenging conditions that researchers who remain in Ukraine must face to continue their work. Because scientific and technological advances will drive many future national security and economic growth decisions, it is critical to strengthen and rebuild its capacity to establish and maintain a robust science and innovation system that supports basic and applied research, trains the next generation of scientists and engineers, and provides mechanisms for science and technology decision-making and advice to Ukrainian policymakers. In support of this effort, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on June 5, 21, and 28, 2023, on how to establish flexible, impactful, and sustainable programs, both today and in the future, to support the Ukrainian research community. During the workshop, speakers shared best approaches to strengthening and developing human capital needed to manage a modern research and innovation system. Participants also discussed efforts to provide funding or develop scientific collaboration in support of researchers. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture %@ 978-0-309-06526-9 %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9598/the-future-role-of-pesticides-in-us-agriculture %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9598/the-future-role-of-pesticides-in-us-agriculture %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 332 %X Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide use—concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agriculture—globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Arrison, Thomas %E Saunders, Jennifer %E Kameyama, Emi %T Data in Motion: New Approaches to Advancing Scientific, Engineering and Medical Progress: Proceedings of a Workshop--in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26203/data-in-motion-new-approaches-to-advancing-scientific-engineering-and-medical-progress %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26203/data-in-motion-new-approaches-to-advancing-scientific-engineering-and-medical-progress %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 9 %X The movement toward open science, data sharing, and increased transparency is being propelled by the need to rapidly address critical scientific challenges, such as the global COVID-19 public health crisis. This movement has supported growth in fields, such as artificial intelligence (AI), which has demonstrated potential to accelerate science, engineering, and medicine in new and exciting ways. To further advance innovation around these new approaches, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Research Data and Information convened a public virtual workshop on October 14-15, 2020, to address how researchers in different domains are utilizing data that undergo repeated processing, often in real-time, to accelerate scientific discovery. Although these topics were not originally part of the workshop, the impact of COVID-19 prompted the planning committee to add sessions on early career researchers' perspectives, as well as rapid review and publishing activities as a result of the pandemic. Participants also explored the advances needed to enable future progress in areas such as AI, cyberinfrastructure, standards, and policies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Raghunathan, Trivellore %E Chaney, Bradford %T A Roadmap for Disclosure Avoidance in the Survey of Income and Program Participation %@ 978-0-309-70710-7 %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27169/a-roadmap-for-disclosure-avoidance-in-the-survey-of-income-and-program-participation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27169/a-roadmap-for-disclosure-avoidance-in-the-survey-of-income-and-program-participation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 272 %X The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is one of the U.S. Census Bureau’s major surveys with features making it a uniquely valuable resource for researchers and policy analysts. However, the Census Bureau faces the challenge of protecting the confidentiality of survey respondents which has become increasingly difficult because numerous databases exist with personal identifying information that collectively contain data on household finances, home values, purchasing behavior, and other SIPP-relevant characteristics. A Roadmap for Disclosure Avoidance in the Survey of Income and Program Participation addresses these issues and how to make data from SIPP available to researchers and policymakers while protecting the confidentiality of survey respondents. The report considers factors such as evolving privacy risks, development of new methods for protecting privacy, the nature of the data collected through SIPP, the practice of linking SIPP data with administrative data, the types of data products produced, and the desire to provide timely access to SIPP data. The report seeks to balance minimizing the risk of disclosure against allowing researchers and policymakers to have timely access to data that support valid inferences.